Nastaliq
predominant calligraphic hand of the Perso-Arabic script to transcribe Persic and Indo-Aryan languages in Central and Southern Asia
Nastaliq is a modified version of the Perso-Arabic Alphabet.
Varieties of Nastaliq (alphabets)
changePersian
change| Letter | Romanization | IPA |
|---|---|---|
| ا | ā, a, (e), o, - | /ɑ/, /ə/, /e/, /o/, /∅/ |
| ب | b | /b/ |
| پ | p | /p/ |
| ت | t | /t/ |
| ث | (s) | /s/ |
| ج | j | /d͡ʒ/ |
| چ | č | /t͡ʃ/ |
| ح | (h) | /h/ |
| خ | x | /x/ |
| د | d | /d/ |
| ذ | (z) | /z/ |
| ر | r | /ɾ/ |
| ز | z | /z/ |
| ژ | c/ts | /ʒ/ |
| س | s | /s/ |
| ش | š | /ʃ/ |
| ص | (s) | /s/ |
| ض | (z) | /z/ |
| ط | (t) | /t/ |
| ظ | (z) | /z/ |
| ع | (ā), (a), (e), (o), (-) | /ɑ/, /ə/, /e/, /o/, /∅/ |
| غ | ǧ | /ʁ~ɢ/ |
| ف | f | /pʰ~f/ |
| ق | q | /q/ |
| ک | k | /k/ |
| گ | g | /ɡ/ |
| ل | l | /l/, (/ɭ/), (/ɫ/) |
| م | m | /m/ |
| ن | n | /n/ |
| و | w, u | /w/, /u/ |
| ه | h | /h/ |
| ی | y, i | /j/, /i/ |
Urdu
change| Letter | Romanization | IPA |
|---|---|---|
| ا | ā, a, (e), o, - | /ɑ/, /ə/, /e/, /o/, /∅/ |
| ب | b | /b/ |
| پ | p | /p/ |
| ت | t | /t/ |
| ٹ | ṭ | /ʈ/ |
| ث | (s) | /s/ |
| ج | j | /d͡ʒ/ |
| چ | č | /t͡ʃ/ |
| ح | (h) | /h/ |
| خ | x | /x/ |
| د | d | /d/ |
| ڈ | ḍ | /ɖ/ |
| ذ | (z) | /z/ |
| ر | r | /ɾ/ |
| ڑ | ṛ | /ɽ/ |
| ز | z | /z/ |
| ژ | ž | /ʒ/ |
| س | s | /s/ |
| ش | š | /ʃ/ |
| ص | (s) | /s/ |
| ض | (z) | /z/ |
| ط | (t) | /t/ |
| ظ | (z) | /z/ |
| ع | (ā), (a), (e), (o), (-) | /ɑ/, /ə/, /e/, /o/, /∅/ |
| غ | ǧ | /ʁ~ɢ/ |
| ف | f | /pʰ~f/ |
| ق | q | /q/ |
| ک | k | /k/ |
| گ | g | /ɡ/ |
| ل | l | /l/, (/ɭ/), (/ɫ/) |
| م | m | /m/ |
| ن | n | /n/ |
| ں | nun ǧunna | /◌̃/ |
| و | w, u | /w/, /u/ |
| ہ | h | /h/ |
| ھ | _h | /◌ʰ/, /◌ʱ/ |
| ی | y, i | /j/, /i/ |
| ے | e/ay | /e/ |
Punjabi (Shahmukhi)
change| No. | Name[1] | IPA | Final glyph | Medial glyph | Initial glyph | Isolated glyph | Gurmukhi | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | الف | alif | /ɑː,äː, ʔ, ∅/ | ـا | ـا | ا | ا | ਅ, ਆ (medial) |
| 2 | بے | bē | /b/ | ـب | ـبـ | بـ | ب | ਬ |
| 3 | پے | pē | /p/ | ـپ | ـپـ | پـ | پ | ਪ |
| 4 | تے | tē | /t/ | ـت | ـتـ | تـ | ت | ਤ |
| 5 | ٹے | ṭē | /ʈ/ | ـٹ | ـٹـ | ٹـ | ٹ | ਟ |
| 6 | ثے | s̱ē | /s/ | ـث | ـثـ | ثـ | ث | ਸ |
| 7 | جيم | jīma | /d͡ʒ/ | ـج | ـجـ | جـ | ج | ਜ |
| 8 | چے | cē | /t͡ʃ/ | ـچ | ـچـ | چـ | چ | ਚ |
| 9 | وڈّی حے | waḍḍi ḥē | /ɦ/ | ـح | ـحـ | حـ | ح | ਹ |
| 10 | خے | k͟hē | /x/ | ـخ | ـخـ | خـ | خ | ਖ਼ |
| 11 | دال | dāla | /d/ | ـد | ـد | د | د | ਦ |
| 12 | ڈال | ḍāla | /ɖ/ | ـڈ | ـڈ | ڈ | ڈ | ਡ |
| 13 | ذال | ẕāla | /z/ | ـذ | ـذ | ذ | ذ | ਜ਼ |
| 14 | رے | rē | /r/ | ـر | ـر | ر | ر | ਰ |
| 15 | ڑے | ṛē | /ɽ/ | ـڑ | ـڑ | ڑ | ڑ | ੜ |
| 16 | زے | zē | /z/ | ـز | ـز | ز | ز | ਜ਼ |
| 17 | ژے | zhē | /ʒ/ | ـژ | ـژ | ژ | ژ | - |
| 18 | سین | sīna | /s/ | ـس | ـسـ | سـ | س | ਸ |
| 19 | شین | shīna | /ʃ/ | ـش | ـشـ | شـ | ش | ਸ਼ |
| 20 | صاد | ṣwāda | /s/ | ـص | ـصـ | صـ | ص | ਸ |
| 21 | ضاد | ẓwāda | /z/ | ـض | ـضـ | ضـ | ض | ਜ਼ |
| 22 | طوۓ | t̤oʼē | /t/ | ـط | ـطـ | طـ | ط | ਤ |
| 23 | ظوۓ | z̤oʼē | /z/ | ـظ | ـظـ | ظـ | ظ | ਜ਼ |
| 24 | عین | ʻaina | /ə,ɑː,ɪ,iː,u,uː,oː,ɔː,eː,ɛː, ʔ, ∅/ | ـع | ـعـ | عـ | ع | ਅ,ਆ,ਇ,ਈ,ਉ,ਊ,ਏ,ਐ,ਓ,ਔ |
| 25 | غین | g͟haina | /ɣ/ | ـغ | ـغـ | غـ | غ | ਗ਼ |
| 26 | فے | fē | /f/ | ـف | ـفـ | فـ | ف | ਫ਼ |
| 27 | قاف | qāfa | /q/ | ـق | ـقـ | قـ | ق | ਕ਼ |
| 28 | کاف | kāfa | /k/ | ـک | ـکـ | کـ | ک | ਕ |
| 29 | گاف | gāfa | /ɡ/ | ـگ | ـگـ | گـ | گ | ਗ |
| 30 | لام | lāma | /l/ | ـل | ـلـ | لـ | ل | ਲ |
| 31[2] | لؕام | ḷāma | /ɭ/ | ـلؕ | ـلؕـ | لؕـ | لؕ | ਲ਼ |
| 32 | میم | mīma | /m/ | ـم | ـمـ | مـ | م | ਮ |
| 33 | نون | nūna | /n, ɲ/ | ـن | ـنـ | نـ | ن | ਨ |
| 34[2] | ݨون | ṇūṇa | /ɳ/ | ـݨ | ـݨـ | ݨـ | ݨ | ਣ |
| 35 | نون غنّہ | nūn ġunnah | /◌̃, ŋ/ | ـں | ـن٘ـ | ن٘ـ | ں
(ن٘)
|
ੰ, ਂ |
| 36 | واؤ | wāʼoa | /ʋ, uː, ʊ, oː, ɔː/ | ـو | ـو | و | و | ੳ, ਵ |
| 37 | نکی ہے گول ہے |
choṭī hē gol hē |
/ɦ, ɑː, e:/ | ـہ | ـہـ | ہـ | ہ | ਹ |
| 38 | دو چشمی ہے | do-cashmī hē | /ʰ/ or /ʱ/ | ـھ | ـھـ | ھ | ھ | varied / ੍ਹ |
| 39 | ہمزہ | hamzah | /ʔ/, /∅/ | ء | ء | ء | ء | - |
| 40 | چھوٹی يے | choṭī yē | /j, iː/ | ـی | ـیـ | یـ | ی | ੲ, ਯ |
| 41 | وڈّی يے | waḍḍi yē | /ɛː, eː/ | ـے | ـے | ے | ے | ੇ, ੈ |
Pashto
change| Letter | Romanization | IPA |
|---|---|---|
| ا | ā, a, (e), o, - | /ɑ/, /ə/, /e/, /o/, /∅/ |
| ب | b | /b/ |
| پ | p | /p/ |
| ت | t | /t/ |
| ټ | ṭ | /ʈ/ |
| ث | (s) | /s/ |
| ج | j | /d͡ʒ/ |
| چ | č | /t͡ʃ/ |
| ح | (h) | /h/ |
| خ | x | /x/ |
| څ | ṡ | /t͡s/ |
| ځ | ż | /d͡z/ |
| د | d | /d/ |
| ډ | ḍ | /ɖ/ |
| ذ | (z) | /z/ |
| ر | r | /ɾ/ |
| ړ | ṛ | /ɽ/ |
| ز | z | /z/ |
| ژ | ž | /ʒ/ |
| س | s | /s/ |
| ش | š | /ʃ/ |
| ص | (s) | /s/ |
| ض | (z) | /z/ |
| ط | (t) | /t/ |
| ظ | (z) | /z/ |
| ع | (ā), (a), (e), (o), (-) | /ɑ/, /ə/, /e/, /o/, /∅/ |
| غ | ǧ | /ʁ~ɢ/ |
| ف | f | /pʰ~f/ |
| ق | q | /q/ |
| ک | k | /k/ |
| ګ | g | /ɡ/ |
| ل | l | /l/, (/ɭ/), (/ɫ/) |
| م | m | /m/ |
| ن | n | /n/ |
| ڼ | ṇ | /ɳ/ |
| ں | ṉ | / ̃/ |
| و | w, u | /w/, /u/ |
| ه | h | /h/ |
| ۀ | ə | /ə/ |
| ی | y, i | /j/, /i/ |
| ې | e | /e/ |
| ے | ay | /ai/ |
| ۍ | ạy | /əi/ |
| ئ | y | /əi/ |
Kashmiri
change| Letter | Romanization | IPA |
|---|---|---|
| ا | ā, a, (e), o, - | /ɑ/, /ə/, /e/, /o/, /∅/ |
| ب | b | /b/ |
| پ | p | /p/ |
| ت | t | /t/ |
| ٹ | ṭ | /ʈ/ |
| ث | (s) | /s/ |
| ج | j | /d͡ʒ/ |
| چ | č | /t͡ʃ/ |
| ح | (h) | /h/ |
| خ | x | /x/ |
| د | d | /d/ |
| ڈ | ḍ | /ɖ/ |
| ذ | (z) | /z/ |
| ر | r | /ɾ/ |
| ڑ | ṛ | /ɽ/ |
| ز | z | /z/ |
| ژ | ž | /ts/ |
| س | s | /s/ |
| ش | š | /ʃ/ |
| ص | (s) | /s/ |
| ض | (z) | /z/ |
| ط | (t) | /t/ |
| ظ | (z) | /z/ |
| ع | (ā), (a), (e), (o), (-) | /ɑ/, /ə/, /e/, /o/, /∅/ |
| غ | ǧ | /ʁ~ɢ/ |
| ف | f | /pʰ~f/ |
| ق | q/k | /q/, /k/ |
| ک | k | /k/ |
| گ | g | /ɡ/ |
| ل | l | /l/, (/ɭ/), (/ɫ/) |
| م | m | /m/ |
| ن | n | /n/ |
| ں | ṇ | / ̃/ |
| و | w, u | /w/, /u/ |
| ۆ | v | /v/ |
| ۄ | o | /o/ |
| ہ | h | /h/ |
| ھ | _h | /◌ʰ/, /◌ʱ/ |
| ی | y | /j/, /i/ |
| ؠ | 'y | /ʲa/, /ʲ/ |
| ے | e | /e/ |
References
change- ↑ Delacy 2003, p. XV–XVI.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Rarely used in literature, except when a distinction between the pronunciation of the non-retroflex character is needed
Other websites
changeWikimedia Commons has media related to Nastaliq.
- Rumicode: Online Service For Nastaliq Calligraphy
- Nastaliq Online: Online Service For Nastaliq Calligraphy
- Nastaliq Writer for Macintosh by SIL
- Faiz Nastaliq: Official Faiz Nastaliq site
- Nastaliq Script | Persian Calligraphy
- Awami Nastaliq: A Nastaliq font by SIL International