Emperor Kameyama
Emperor Kameyama (亀山天皇, Kameyama-tennō) (9 July 1249 – 4 October 1305), was the 90th emperor of Japan, in the traditional order of succession.[1] His reign started in 1259 and ended in 1274.[2]
| Kameyama | |
|---|---|
| Emperor of Japan | |
| Reign | 1259–1274 |
| Predecessor | Go-Fukakusa |
| Successor | Go-Uda |
| Born | 9 July 1249 |
| Died | 4 October 1305 (aged 56) |
| Burial | Kameyama no Misasagi (Kyoto) |
Traditional history
changeBefore he became the monarch, his personal name (imina) was Tsunehito-shinnō (恒仁親王).[3] The posthumous name of Kameyama comes from the place name of the emperor's tomb, in a section of Kyoto.
He was the seventh son of Emperor Go-Saga and the younger brother of Emperor Go-Fukakusa.[4]
Kameyama was the father of 36 children, including the son and heir who became Emperor Go-Uda.[5]
Events of Kameyama's life
change- 1258 (Shōka 2): Kameyama's son, Prince Tsunehito was named Crown Prince and heir at age nine.
- 1259 (Shōgen 1, 11th month): In the 14th year of Go-Fukakusa's reign, he abdicated. Go-Fukakusa's younger brother got the succession (senso).[6] Soon after, Emperor Kameyama accepted the monarch's role, duties and powers (sokui).[6] This was confirmed in ceremonies.[7]
- 1268 (Bun'ei 5): Kameyama did not answer a letter from Kublai Khan which demanded tribute. Khan, the leader of China, saw this non-response as rude and not respectful.[4]
- 1274 (Bun'ei 11, 1st month): In the 15th year of Kameyama's reign, he abdicated.[8]
- 19 November 1274 (Bun'ei 11, 20th day of the 10th month): Yuan China (Kublai Khan) sent a fleet and an army to invade Japan. Some military forces landed near Fukuoka in Kyūshū. This was the "Battle of Bun'ei" or the 1st Mongol Invasion. The same day, a storm sank many of the ships with the main part of the invading army. The invaders ran away to Korea.[9] During the short fight, the Hakozaki Shrine was burned to the ground.[10]
- 1281 (Kōan 4): This is called the "Battle of Kōan" or the 2nd Mongol Invasion. A typhoon broke up the invading fleet; and this act of 'divine wind' was called kamekaze.
- 1291 (Shōō 4): Kameyama helped to found the Buddhist temple Nanzen-ji in Kyōto.[11]
- 1305 (Kagen 3): Kameyama died.
After his death
changeThe Imperial Household Agency say the mausoleum (misasagi) of Kameyama is in Kyoto.[1] The emperor is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine there.[12]
Eras of reign
changeThe years of Kameyama's reign cover more than one era name.[13]
Related pages
changeReferences
change- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Imperial Household Agency (Kunaichō), 亀山天皇 (90); retrieved 2011-10-16.
- ↑ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon, pp. 253-261; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki. pp. 232-233; Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2002). "Kameyama Tennō" in Japan encyclopedia, p. 461.
- ↑ Titsingh, p. 253; Varley, p. 232.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Martin, Peter. (1997). The Chrysanthemum Throne: a History of the Emperors of Japan, p. 81.
- ↑ Martin, pp. 81-82.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Titsingh, p. 253.
- ↑ Varley, p. 44; a distinct act of senso is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have senso and sokui in the same year until the reign of Emperor Go-Murakami. Compare Imperial Household Agency (Kunaichō), Ceremony of Accession (Sokui-no-Rei); retrieved 2011-12-23.
- ↑ Titsingh, p. 261.
- ↑ Davis, Paul K. (2001). 100 decisive battles: from ancient times to the present, p. 147.
- ↑ Turnbull, Stephen R. (2003). Genghis Khan & the Mongol Conquests 1190–1400, p. 66.[permanent dead link]
- ↑ Martin, p. 81
- ↑ Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan, p. 422.
- ↑ Titsingh, pp. 253-261.
Other websites
change Media related to Emperor Kameyama at Wikimedia Commons
| Preceded by Emperor Go-Fukakusa |
Emperor of Japan Kameyama 1260-1274 |
Succeeded by Emperor Go-Uda |