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Lov na vještice

(Preusmjereno sa stranice Lov na veštice)

Lov na vještice je izraz koji u tradicionalnom smislu označava potragu za osobama koje se bave vračanjem, odnosno dokazima o takvoj aktivnosti u društvima u kojima se čaranje smatra protuzakonitim i/li suprotnim običajem. U užem smislu se pod time podrazumijevaju društveni fenomeni koji sadrže elemente moralne panike, masovne histerije i linča, a ponekad uključuju službenu, odnosno državnu sankciju kroz suđenja vješticama ili čarobnjacima. U još užem smislu se pod time podrazumijeva tzv. klasični period progona vještica kada se od 15. do 18. vijeka vještice progonilo u tadašnjoj Evropi i Sjevernoj Americi, a što je dovelo do pogubljenja između 40.000 i 60.000 ljudi, najčešće žena. Taj je period završio kada su u evropskim zemljama zavladale ideje racionalizma i Prosvjetiteljstva, te su odredbe o zabrani i kažnjavanju čarobnjaštva izbačeni iz kaznenih zakonodavstava. Lov na vještice se otada uglavnom pojavljuje kao fenomen u ne-evrospkim zemljama, a danas je prisutan u subsaharskoj Africi, Indiji i Papui Novoj Gvineji; od zemalja čija zakonodavstva sadrže kazne za čarobnjaštvo su danas preostale samo Saudijska Arabija i Kamerun.

Spaljivanje tri vještice u Badenu u Švicarskoj (1585); autor: Johann Jakob Wick.

Izraz se, pak, u slikovitom smislu koristi za svako histerično progananje navodnih subverzivaca, državnih neprijatelja ili prikrivenih zlostavljača. Kao primjeri obično služe tzv. makartistički lov na vještice u SAD 1950-ih i histerija oko zlostavljanja djece u vrtićima 1980-ih i 1990-ih.

Povzeano

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Literatura

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  • Behringer, Wolfgang. Witches and Witch Hunts: A Global History. Malden Massachusetts: Polity Press, 2004.
  • Briggs, Robin. 'Many reasons why': witchcraft and the problem of multiple explanation, in Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe. Studies in Culture and Belief, ed. Jonathan Barry, Marianne Hester, and Gareth Roberts, Cambridge University Press, 1996.
  • Burns, William E. Witch hunts in Europe and America: an encyclopedia (2003)
  • Cohn, Norman. Europe's Inner Demons: The Demonization of Christians in Medieval Christendom, Revised Edition. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1993.
  • Golden, William, ed. Encyclopedia of Witchcraft: The Western Tradition (4 vol. 2006) 1270pp; 758 short essays by scholars.
  • Goode, Erich; Ben-Yahuda, Nachman (1994). Moral Panics: The Social Construction of Deviance. Cambridge, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-18905-X. 
  • Klaits, Joseph. Servants of Satan: The Age of the Witch Hunts. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1985
  • Levack, Brian P. The Great Scottish Witch Hunt of 1661-1662, The Journal of British Studies, Vol.20, No, 1. (Autumn, 1980), pp. 90–108.
  • Levack, Brian P. The witch hunt in early modern Europe, Third Edition. London and New York: Longman, 2006.
  • Macfarlane, Alan. Witchcraft in Tudor and Stuart England: A regional and Comparative Study. New York and Evanston: Harper & Row Publishers, 1970.
  • Midlefort, Erick H.C. Witch Hunting in Southeastern Germany 1562-1684: The Social and Intellectual Foundation. California: Stanford University Press, 1972. ISBN 0-8047-0805-3
  • Monter, William. "The Historiography of European Witchcraft: Progress and Prospect," Journal of Interdisciplinary History, vol 2 (1972), 435-451.
  • Oberman, H. A., J. D. Tracy, Thomas A. Brady (eds.), Handbook of European History, 1400-1600: Visions, Programs, Outcomes (1995) ISBN 90-04-09761-9
  • Oldridge, Darren (ed.), The Witchcraft Reader (2002) ISBN 0-415-21492-0
  • Poole, Robert. The Lancashire Witches: Histories and Stories (2002) ISBN 0-7190-6204-7
  • Purkiss, Diane. "A Holocaust of One's Own: The Myth of the Burning Times." Chapter in The Witch and History: Early Modern and Twentieth Century Representatives New York, NY: Routledge, 1996, pp. 7–29.
  • Robisheaux, Thomas. The Last Witch of Langenburg: Murder in a German Village. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. (2009) ISBN 978-0-393-06551-0
  • Sagan, Carl. The Demon-Haunted World, Random House, 1996. ISBN 0-394-53512-X
  • Thurston, Robert. The Witch Hunts: A History of the Witch Persecutions in Europe and North America. Pearson/Longman, 2007.
  • Purkiss, Diane. The Bottom of the Garden, Dark History of Fairies, Hobgoblins, and Other Troublesome Things. Chapter 3 Brith and Death: Fairies in Scottish Witch-trials New York, NY: New York University Press, 2000, pp. 85–115.
  • West, Robert H. Reginald Scot and Renaissance Writings. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1984.
  • Briggs, K.M. Pale Hecate’s Team, an Examination of the Beliefs on Witchcraft and Magic among Shakespeare’s Contemporaries and His Immediate Successors. New York: The Humanities Press, 1962.

Vanjske veze

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Izvor: https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lov_na_vještice&oldid=41832890