Background Impulsivity is a multifaceted construct that has recently been recognized as a
factor contributing to enhanced vulnerability to drug abuse. Objectives In the present review, …

Rationale: Despite numerous reports that male and female animals differ in behavioral
responses to drugs, few studies have investigated sex differences in drug-reinforced behavior. …

The recent focus on drug abuse in women has brought attention to numerous differences
between women and men. In this review, we discuss both preclinical and clinical findings of …

… and Lac 1993) that has previously been used to quantify the rate of acquisition of IV drug
self-administration (Carroll and Lac 1993; Lynch and Carroll 1999; Campbell and Carroll 2000) …

Evidence is accumulating that the etiology, epidemiology, consequences and mechanisms
that underlie drug abuse are different in males and females. In this review, we present …

The article summarises findings from recent case study research into recruitment in small
firms. The research aims to ascertain whether small firms follow the procedures outlined in the …

Human and animal research indicates the presence of sex differences in drug abuse. These
data suggest that females, compared to males, are more vulnerable to key phases of the …

Background: Relative reinforcing efficacy has been assumed to be a homogeneous
phenomenon referring to the behavior-strengthening or behavior-maintaining effects of a drug …

Rats given continuous access to etonitazene hydrochloride in their drinking water (5 micrograms
per milliliter) more than doubled their drug intake while deprived of food. Another group …

This experiment examines the effect of access to a running-wheel on intravenous cocaine
self-administration in male and female rats. Rats maintained at 85% of their free-feeding body …