Grace Hopper

Grace Murray Hopper
Grace Murray Hopper
	Hopper in Januar 1984
Elk-name	"Amazing Grace"
Born	9 December 1906; New York Ceety, New York, U.S.
Dee'd	1 Januar 1992 (aged 85); Arlington, Virginie, U.S.
Place o burial	Arlington Naitional Seemetry
Allegiance	Unitit States o Americae
Service/branch	Unitit States Navy
Years o service	1943–1966, 1967–1971, 1972–1986
Rank	Rear Admiral (lawer hauf)
Awairds	Defense Distinguished Service Medal; Legion o Merit; Meritorious Service Medal; American Campaign Medal; Warld War II Victory Medal; Naitional Defense Service Medal; Armed Forces Reserve Medal wi twa Oorglass Devices; Naval Reserve Medal

Grace Murray Hopper (December 9, 1906 – Januar 1, 1992) wis an American computer scientist an Unitit States Navy Rear Admiral. A pioneer in the field, she wis ane o the first programmers o the Harvard Mark I computer, an developed the first compiler for a computer programmin leid.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] She conceptualized the idea o machine-independent programmin leids, which led tae the development o COBOL, ane o the first modren programmin leids. She is credited wi popularizing the term "debuggin" for fixin computer glitches (inspired bi an actual moch removed frae the computer). Owin tae the breadth o her accomplishments an her naval rank, she is whiles referred tae as "Amazing Grace".^[6]^[7] The U.S. Navy destroyer USS Hopper (DDG-70) is named for her, as wis the Cray XE6 "Hopper" supercomputer at NERSC.

References

↑ Richard L. Wexelblat, ed. (1981). History of Programming Languages. New York: Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-745040-8.CS1 maint: extra text: authors leet (link)
↑ Donald D. Spencer (1985). Computers and Information Processing. C.E. Merrill Publishing Co. ISBN 978-0-675-20290-9.
↑ Phillip A. Laplante (2001). Dictionary of computer science, engineering, and technology. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-2691-2.
↑ Bryan H. Bunch, Alexander Hellemans (1993). The Timetables of Technology: A Chronology of the Most Important People and Events in the History of Technology. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-76918-5.
↑ Bernhelm Booss-Bavnbek, Jens Høyrup (2003). Mathematics and War. Birkhäuser Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7643-1634-1.
↑ "Cyber Heroes of the past: "Amazing Grace" Hopper". Retrieved 12 December 2013.
↑ "Grace Murray Hopper". Retrieved 12 December 2012.

[Wexelblat81-1] Richard L. Wexelblat, ed. (1981). History of Programming Languages. New York: Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-745040-8.CS1 maint: extra text: authors leet (link)

[Spencer85-2] Donald D. Spencer (1985). Computers and Information Processing. C.E. Merrill Publishing Co. ISBN 978-0-675-20290-9.

[Laplante01-3] Phillip A. Laplante (2001). Dictionary of computer science, engineering, and technology. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-2691-2.

[Bunch93-4] Bryan H. Bunch, Alexander Hellemans (1993). The Timetables of Technology: A Chronology of the Most Important People and Events in the History of Technology. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-76918-5.

[Booss03-5] Bernhelm Booss-Bavnbek, Jens Høyrup (2003). Mathematics and War. Birkhäuser Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7643-1634-1.

[urlCyber_Heroes_of_the_past:_Amazing_Grace_Hopper-6] "Cyber Heroes of the past: "Amazing Grace" Hopper". Retrieved 12 December 2013.

[urlGrace_Murray_Hopper-7] "Grace Murray Hopper". Retrieved 12 December 2012.

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