Glesga

Glesga Scots Gaelic: Glaschu
Clockwise frae tap-left: View of Glesga Science Centre, Duke o Wellington statue ootside Gallery o Moadern Airt, Ryal Exchange Squerr, ceetyscape view frae The Lighthouse, Gilbert Scott Biggin o Varsity o Glesga, Finnieston Crane, Glesga Ceety Chambers
Glasgow Coat o Airms
Glesga Location within Scotland
Area	175.5 km2 (67.8 sq mi) [1]
Population	596,550 (2013)[2]
• Density	8,541.8/sq mi (3,298.0/km2)
Urban[3]	1,750,000
Metro[citation needit]	Est. 2,850,000
Leid	Inglis, Scots, Scots Gaelic
OS grid reference	NS590655
• Edinburgh	49 mi (79 km)
• Lunnon	352 mi (566 km)
Kintra	Scotland
Sovereign state	Unitit Kinrick
Post toun	GLASGOW
Postcode destrict	G1–G80
Diallin code	0141
Police	Scots
Fire	Scots
Ambulance	Scots
EU Pairlament	Scotland
Wabsteid	www.glasgow.gov.uk
Leet o places UK Scotland 55°51′28.8″N 4°15′32.4″W / 55.858000°N 4.259000°W / 55.858000; -4.259000Coordinates: 55°51′28.8″N 4°15′32.4″W / 55.858000°N 4.259000°W / 55.858000; -4.259000

Glesga (Inglis: Glasgow; Scots Gaelic: Glaschu) is Scotland's lairgest ceetie an the third lairgest ceetie o the Unitit Kinrick. It is fund on the River Clyde in the wast-mids o Scotland. Fowk in the wast o Scotland ken it as Glesga or Glesca^[4] an folk fae the east maistly caw it Glesga or Glasgae.

The Ceetie o Glesga is kent as the caipital o commerce fur Scotland. It's a awfy thrang cosmopolitan European ceetie. It haes a population o 1,700,000 fowk, doun fae its 1960s heichness o 2.1 million, this's maistly doon tae owerskail o fowks intil new touns lik East Kirkbride an Cummernaud.

The name o the ceetie comes fae glas cöü in the Cumbric leid (an auld Brythonic celtic leid.) The modren name fur the ceetie in Gaelic Glaschu, meanin "grein howe" or "dear grein steid" whit haes bein aftin misquotit as a Gaelic owersettin fur the ceetie, but this wis actually Daniel Defoe's ootlinin o the ceetie whan he came in e 18th century; he haed quo thit Glesga wis "the cleanest and beautifullest, and best built City in Britain, London excepted" an aw. At that time, the ceetie wis biggit wi gey attractive, compact widden biggins, nane o thaim ur staundin, still. Glesga is the thrid maist popular tourist destination in the UK ahint Lunnon an Edinburgh an it haes Britain's seicont maistmuckle shoppin centre.

The coat o airms shaws Glesga's patron saunt, Saunt Kentigern, kent as Saunt Mungo forby, an it his fower emblems - a bird, a tree, a bull, an a fish. The emblems represents miracles Saunt Mungo is said tae hae performt. The motto o the ceetie is "Let Glasgow Flourish" an this is pairt o the airms. The motto comes fae Saunt Mungo's oreiginal sermon: "Let Glasgow flourish by the preaching of the word and the praising of thy name". The oríginal version is written on a bell shapit in 1637 thit says "Lord let Glasgow flovrichse throvgh the preaching of thy word and praising thy name".

Local bairns is taucht tae mynd the airms uisin the follaein verse:

The motto wis o shortsyne mynt in a sang caw'd "Mother Glasgow" bi Michael Marra, an forby recordit bi Hue and Cry, a muisic curn o Glesga orígin.

Glesga wis the steid o monie communities fur hunners o years afore Christ, wi the River Clyde providin a guid settin fur fishin. The Romans aftentimes bug ootposts in ða airt an, tae haud Roman Britannia apairt fae the Celtic an Pecht Caledonia, bug the Antonine Waw, thit can be seen in Glesga the day.

Glesga itsel wis foondit bi the Christian meesionar Saunt Mungo in the 6t century. He foondit a kirk on the Molendinar Burn, whaur the Glasgow Cathedral nou staunds, an in the eftergangin years Glesga becam a releegious centre.

Bi the 12t century Glesga haed been gien the staundin o whit can nou be cawed a ceetie an the cathedral wis the saite o the Bishops an Archbishops o Glesga. While thare micht hae been widden biggins on the site, the first stane cathedral wis consecrate in aboot 1136 an gotten rid o fur a muckler ane that wis consecrate in 1197. Ootjets an alterins tae the cathedral biggins haes gaen on sin syne. The maist recent addition is the Millenium Windae unveiled on 3 Juin 1999 bi Princess Anne.

In 1451, the Varsitie o Glesga wis foondit bi papal bull an estaiblisht in relígious biggins in the precincts o Glesga Cathedral. Bi the stairt o the 16t century, Glesga haed turnt intae an important relígious an academic ceetie an bi the 17t century the varsitie haed flittit fae the cathedral precincts til its ain biggin in the Hie Street.

Bi the 16t yearhunner, the ceety's treds begoud tae wald signíficant influence an the ceetie haed turnt intae an important centre o troke wi the Clyde giein access tae the ceetie an the lave o Scotland fur merchand shippin. The ingate intil the Atlantic Ocean alloued the inbringin o American tobacca an Caribbean succar, thit wis than tredit athort the Brítish Isles an continental Europe.

The de-siltin o the Clyde in the 1770s alloued lairger ships tae muive faurer up the river, thus layin the foonds fur industrie an shipbiggin in Glesga in the 19t yearhunner.

The rowth o coal an iron in Lanrickshire led tae Glesga becomin an industrial ceetie — in the hinder end cawed "The Seicont ceetie o the Empire". Cotton factories an textile mills made employers o monie fowk in Glesga an the local airt.

Troke alloued muckle walth tae be generatit fur some fowk in the ceetie. The merchands makkit spectacular biggins an monuments thit can be seen the day, still, an reinvestit thair siller in development fur tae help Glesga growe further. In 1893 the burgh wis constitutit as the Coontie o the ceetie o Glesga. Glesga becam ane o the walthiest ceeties in the warld, an pairks, museums an libraries wis aa opened throu this time.

As weel as bein whit ye caw a bodie fae Glesga, Gleswegian, the Patter, the Auld Scotch an Glesga Scots is whit fowk caw the byleid (Wast Midland Scots) uised bi monie fowk in the ceetie an thon airt. Modren anglocentrism an puir media pentin o the byleid (e.g. linkin it wi neddism) means thit it is leukit at as a shamefu thing yet ye can airt oot no juist a walth o vocabular but the daurk humour fund in wree turns o phrase thit comes fae a profund common experience.

A Gleswegian in fou speed is haurd tae unnerstaun e'en fur thair níbours in Embro. Glesga an thon airt are yin o the least Scots-speakin airts o Scotland, an has tint mony tradítional kenspeckles that's tae be fund in ither Scots byleids the day. As sic, it has come up wi mony new Scots words an saws that marras chenges gauin on in Glesga an Scots society.^[5] It is kenspeckle in Scots literature in and outwith Scotland.^[6]

Weegie is a slang word for a bodie or thing that hails fae Glesga an aw. It is maistlins uised in the East coast, particularly in Embro. Awtho it is nae aye the case in the East coast it is thocht by maist Gleswegians an fowk frae the wast-coast tae be awfu offensive.

Glesga's main sport is nae dout fitba as the ceetie is hame tae Scotland's twa maist muckle fitba teams (Rangers Fitba Club an Celtic Fitba Club) as weel as the Scots Naitional Fitba Team's grund, Hampden Pairk. It is byordinar fur a ceetie thit isnae the caipital tae hae the naitional fitba grund. Thare are wee coars an aw: Queen's Park, thit plays at Hampden Pairk, Partick Thistle, an Clyde.

Glesga haes a rugby team an aw (Glesga Warriors) thit play in Scotstoun.

Glasgow is ane o five places in Scotland thit hauds the final o the Scots Cup o Shinty, kent mair as the Camanachd Cup. This is ordinar haudit at Auld Anniesland. Ance hame tae numerous Shinty clubs, thare is nou anly ane senior club in Glesga, Glesga Mid-Argyll, as weel as twa varsity sides fae Varsity o Strathclyde an Varsity o Glesga.

Glesga pit in a bid tae haud the 2018 Simmer Youth Olympics but lost tae Buenos Aires in the 4 Julie 2013 vote.^[7]

Glesgae haes a símple unnergrund sýstem thit coníst o twa lines gaein aroond a single loop wi sindry staps aboot Glesga.

Glesga is twinned wi various ceeties.^[8]

Nuremberg, Germany, (syne 1985) Rostov-on-Don, Roushie, (syne 1986) Dalian, Cheenae, (syne 1997) Havana, Cuba, (syne 2002)

Turin, Italy, (syne 2003)[9] Marseille, Fraunce, (syne 2006) Lahore, Pakistan, (syne 2006)[10] Bethlehem, West Bank, (syne 2007)[11][12]

1. ↑ "Analyser UV02" (in Inglis). Archived frae the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 4 August 2007.
2. ↑ "Mid-2013 Population Estimates Scotland" (PDF) (in Inglis). gro-scotland.gov.uk. Archived frae the original (PDF) on 17 Julie 2014. Retrieved 7 Julie 2014.
3. ↑ "2007 Population Estimates" (PDF) (in Inglis). Archived frae the original (PDF) on 27 Februar 2008. Retrieved 16 Januar 2008.
4. ↑ Robinson, Mairi (1985). The Concise Scots Dictionary (in Inglis). Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press. p. 236. ISBN 0-08-028492-2.
5. ↑ "Glasgow patter series: "The Invisible Language"". Centre for the Scots Leid. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
6. ↑ Hagan, Anette I. (2002) Urban Scots Dialect Writing. Bern: Lang.
7. ↑ "Buenos Aires elected as Host City for 2018 Youth Olympic Games". www.olympic.org (Press release) (in Inglis). 4 Julie 2013. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
8. ↑ "Glasgow City Council > More Services > Twin Cities". glasgow.gov.uk (in Inglis). Glasgow City Council. Archived frae the original on 17 Mairch 2023. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
9. ↑ Pessotto, Lorenzo. "International Affairs - Twinnings and Agreements". International Affairs Service in cooperation with Servizio Telematico Pubblico (in Inglis). City of Torino. Archived frae the original on 18 Juin 2013. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
10. ↑ "Glasgow 'twinned' with Lahore" (in Inglis). Web.archive.org. 29 November 2006. Archived frae the original on 29 November 2006. Retrieved 12 September 2009.
11. ↑ "Bethlehem is city's latest twinned town". Evening Times (in Inglis). 13 Apryle 2007. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
12. ↑ "Bethlehem Municipality" (in Inglis). www.bethlehem-city.org. Archived frae the original on 24 Julie 2010. Retrieved 10 October 2009.

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