[go: up one dir, main page]
Skip to main content
PMC home page
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1994 Nov 8;91(23):10809–10813. doi: 10.1073/pnas.91.23.10809

Ubiquitous receptor: a receptor that modulates gene activation by retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptors.

C Song 1, J M Kokontis 1, R A Hiipakka 1, S Liao 1
PMCID: PMC45115  PMID: 7971966

Abstract

The cDNA for a member of the nuclear receptor family was cloned and named ubiquitous receptor (UR), since UR protein and mRNA are detected in many cell types. Rat UR/human retinoid X receptor alpha (hRXR alpha) heterodimers bound preferentially to double-stranded oligonucleotide direct repeats having the consensus half-site sequence AGGTCA and 4-nt spacing (DR-4). Coexpression of UR in COS-1 cells inhibited the stimulation of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene expression by hRXR alpha and human retinoic acid receptor alpha in the presence of all-trans-retinoic acid when DR-4 (but not DR-5) was present upstream of the promoter of a CAT reporter gene (DR-4-CAT). UR expression also inhibited the activation of a DR-4-CAT reporter gene by hRXR alpha and 9-cis-retinoic acid or by thyroid hormone receptor beta in the presence of thyroid hormone. However, in the absence of 9-cis-retinoic acid, UR in combination with hRXR alpha stimulation DR-4-CAT expression. Coexpression of thyroid hormone receptor markedly reduced this stimulation in the absence of thyroid hormone. UR may play an important role in normal growth and differentiation by modulating gene activation in retinoic acid and thyroid hormone signaling pathways.

Full text

PDF
10809

Images in this article

10811Image
on p.10811
10812Image
on p.10812
10812Image
on p.10812

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Altschul S. F., Gish W., Miller W., Myers E. W., Lipman D. J. Basic local alignment search tool. J Mol Biol. 1990 Oct 5;215(3):403–410. doi: 10.1016/S0022-2836(05)80360-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Durand B., Saunders M., Leroy P., Leid M., Chambon P. All-trans and 9-cis retinoic acid induction of CRABPII transcription is mediated by RAR-RXR heterodimers bound to DR1 and DR2 repeated motifs. Cell. 1992 Oct 2;71(1):73–85. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90267-g. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Evans R. M. The steroid and thyroid hormone receptor superfamily. Science. 1988 May 13;240(4854):889–895. doi: 10.1126/science.3283939. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Gilman M. Z., Wilson R. N., Weinberg R. A. Multiple protein-binding sites in the 5'-flanking region regulate c-fos expression. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Dec;6(12):4305–4316. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.12.4305. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Green S. Nuclear hormone receptors. Promiscuous liaisons. Nature. 1993 Feb 18;361(6413):590–591. doi: 10.1038/361590a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Hall B. L., Smit-McBride Z., Privalsky M. L. Reconstitution of retinoid X receptor function and combinatorial regulation of other nuclear hormone receptors in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Aug 1;90(15):6929–6933. doi: 10.1073/pnas.90.15.6929. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Hiipakka R. A., Wang M., Bloss T., Ito K., Liao S. Expression of 5 alpha-reductase in bacteria as a trp E fusion protein and its use in the production of antibodies for immunocytochemical localization of 5 alpha-reductase. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1993 Jun;45(6):539–548. doi: 10.1016/0960-0760(93)90170-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Kliewer S. A., Umesono K., Noonan D. J., Heyman R. A., Evans R. M. Convergence of 9-cis retinoic acid and peroxisome proliferator signalling pathways through heterodimer formation of their receptors. Nature. 1992 Aug 27;358(6389):771–774. doi: 10.1038/358771a0. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Kokontis J., Ito K., Hiipakka R. A., Liao S. Expression and function of normal and LNCaP androgen receptors in androgen-insensitive human prostatic cancer cells. Altered hormone and antihormone specificity in gene transactivation. Receptor. 1991;1(4):271–279. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Kozak M. An analysis of 5'-noncoding sequences from 699 vertebrate messenger RNAs. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Oct 26;15(20):8125–8148. doi: 10.1093/nar/15.20.8125. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Lazar M. A. Thyroid hormone receptors: multiple forms, multiple possibilities. Endocr Rev. 1993 Apr;14(2):184–193. doi: 10.1210/edrv-14-2-184. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Leid M., Kastner P., Lyons R., Nakshatri H., Saunders M., Zacharewski T., Chen J. Y., Staub A., Garnier J. M., Mader S. Purification, cloning, and RXR identity of the HeLa cell factor with which RAR or TR heterodimerizes to bind target sequences efficiently. Cell. 1992 Jan 24;68(2):377–395. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90478-u. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Lucas P. C., Granner D. K. Hormone response domains in gene transcription. Annu Rev Biochem. 1992;61:1131–1173. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.61.070192.005411. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Mader S., Kumar V., de Verneuil H., Chambon P. Three amino acids of the oestrogen receptor are essential to its ability to distinguish an oestrogen from a glucocorticoid-responsive element. Nature. 1989 Mar 16;338(6212):271–274. doi: 10.1038/338271a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Mader S., Leroy P., Chen J. Y., Chambon P. Multiple parameters control the selectivity of nuclear receptors for their response elements. Selectivity and promiscuity in response element recognition by retinoic acid receptors and retinoid X receptors. J Biol Chem. 1993 Jan 5;268(1):591–600. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Mahmoudi M., Lin V. K. Comparison of two different hybridization systems in northern transfer analysis. Biotechniques. 1989 Apr;7(4):331-2, 334. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Mangelsdorf D. J., Umesono K., Kliewer S. A., Borgmeyer U., Ong E. S., Evans R. M. A direct repeat in the cellular retinol-binding protein type II gene confers differential regulation by RXR and RAR. Cell. 1991 Aug 9;66(3):555–561. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90018-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. När A. M., Boutin J. M., Lipkin S. M., Yu V. C., Holloway J. M., Glass C. K., Rosenfeld M. G. The orientation and spacing of core DNA-binding motifs dictate selective transcriptional responses to three nuclear receptors. Cell. 1991 Jun 28;65(7):1267–1279. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90021-p. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Padgett R. A., Grabowski P. J., Konarska M. M., Seiler S., Sharp P. A. Splicing of messenger RNA precursors. Annu Rev Biochem. 1986;55:1119–1150. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.55.070186.005351. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Samuels H. H., Stanley F., Casanova J. Depletion of L-3,5,3'-triiodothyronine and L-thyroxine in euthyroid calf serum for use in cell culture studies of the action of thyroid hormone. Endocrinology. 1979 Jul;105(1):80–85. doi: 10.1210/endo-105-1-80. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Tran P., Zhang X. K., Salbert G., Hermann T., Lehmann J. M., Pfahl M. COUP orphan receptors are negative regulators of retinoic acid response pathways. Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Oct;12(10):4666–4676. doi: 10.1128/mcb.12.10.4666. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Umesono K., Evans R. M. Determinants of target gene specificity for steroid/thyroid hormone receptors. Cell. 1989 Jun 30;57(7):1139–1146. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90051-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Umesono K., Murakami K. K., Thompson C. C., Evans R. M. Direct repeats as selective response elements for the thyroid hormone, retinoic acid, and vitamin D3 receptors. Cell. 1991 Jun 28;65(7):1255–1266. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90020-y. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Yu V. C., Delsert C., Andersen B., Holloway J. M., Devary O. V., När A. M., Kim S. Y., Boutin J. M., Glass C. K., Rosenfeld M. G. RXR beta: a coregulator that enhances binding of retinoic acid, thyroid hormone, and vitamin D receptors to their cognate response elements. Cell. 1991 Dec 20;67(6):1251–1266. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90301-e. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Zhang X. K., Hoffmann B., Tran P. B., Graupner G., Pfahl M. Retinoid X receptor is an auxiliary protein for thyroid hormone and retinoic acid receptors. Nature. 1992 Jan 30;355(6359):441–446. doi: 10.1038/355441a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Zhang X. K., Pfahl M. Hetero- and homodimeric receptors in thyroid hormone and vitamin A action. Receptor. 1993 Fall;3(3):183–191. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES