Displaying 1-10 of 37 results found.
Complement of the Connell sequence ( A001614); a(n) = 4*n - A001614(n).
+20
7
3, 6, 8, 11, 13, 15, 18, 20, 22, 24, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 66, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, 116, 118, 120, 123, 125, 127, 129, 131, 133, 135, 137, 139
COMMENTS
a(n) is the position of the second appearance of n in A117384, where A117384(m) = A117384(k) and k = 4* A117384(m) - m. The Connell sequence ( A001614) is generated as: 1 odd, 2 even, 3 odd, ...
FORMULA
a(n) = 2*n + 1 + Sum_{j=0..n-2} A023531(j). G.f.: 2*x/(1-x)^2 + x/(1-x) * Sum_{j=0..oo} x^(j*(j+1)/2) = 2*x/(1-x)^2 + x^(7/8)/(2-2*x) * Theta2(0,sqrt(x)), where Theta2 is a Jacobi theta function. (End)
PROG
(Python)
from math import isqrt
def A118011(n): return (m:=n<<1)+(k:=isqrt(m))+int((m<<2)>(k<<2)*(k+1)+1) # Chai Wah Wu, Jul 26 2022
1, 3, 7, 9, 13, 17, 19, 23, 27, 31, 33, 37, 41, 45, 49, 51, 55, 59, 63, 67, 71, 73, 77, 81, 85, 89, 93, 97, 99, 103, 107, 111, 115, 119, 123, 127, 129, 133, 137, 141, 145, 149, 153, 157, 161, 163, 167, 171, 175, 179, 183, 187, 191, 195, 199
COMMENTS
Row sums = A059722: (1, 10, 39, 100, ...). Right border of the triangle = A056220: (1, 7, 17, 31, 49, ...). Left border = A058331: (1, 3, 9, 19, 33, 51, ...). Connell-like triangle read by rows: odd rows are in the set 4n-3, evens are in 4n-1. Leftmost term in the next row is the next higher term consistent with the modular rule.
Given A056220: (1, 7, 17, 31, 49, 71, ...) as the rightmost diagonal; the triangle is generated starting from the right: (n-th term of A056220, then (n-1) operations of the trajectory (-4), (-4), (-4), ... Row 3 = (9, 13, 17) since beginning with A056220(3) = 17 as rightmost term, we perform two operations of (-4), -(4)j.
EXAMPLE
First few rows of the triangle =
1;
3, 7;
9, 13, 17;
19, 23, 27, 31;
33, 37, 41, 45, 49;
51, 55, 59, 63, 67, 71;
...
PROG
(Python)
from math import isqrt
def A143803(n): return ((m:=n<<1)-(k:=isqrt(m))-int(m>=k*(k+1)+1)<<1)-1 # Chai Wah Wu, Aug 01 2022
Triangle read by rows, thrice the Connell numbers ( A001614) - 2.
+20
2
1, 4, 10, 13, 19, 25, 28, 34, 40, 46, 49, 55, 61, 67, 73, 76, 82, 88, 94, 100, 106, 109, 115, 121, 127, 133, 139, 145, 148, 154, 160, 166, 172, 178, 184, 190, 193, 199, 205, 211, 217, 223, 229, 235, 241, 244, 250, 256, 262, 268, 274, 280, 286, 292, 298
COMMENTS
Right border of the triangle = A100536: (1, 10, 25, 46, 73,...). Left border = A056107: (1, 4, 13, 28, 49,...). Row sums = A005915: (1, 14, 57, 148, 305,...). n-th row = (right border then going to the left): (n-th term of A100536 followed by (n-1) operations of (-6), (-6), (-6),... As a Connell-like triangle, odd row terms are in the subset 6n-5; even row terms are in the set 6n-2. Row 3 = (13, 19, 25) beginning with A100536(3) = 25 at the right then following the trajectory (-6), (-6). Using the modular rules, the triangle begins (1; 4, 10; 13, 19, 25;...) since 1 == 6n-5, while 4 is the next higher term in the set 6n-2, then 10 also in the set 6n-2, being an even row.
EXAMPLE
First few rows of the triangle:
1;
4, 10;
13, 19, 25;
28, 34, 40, 46;
49, 55, 61, 67, 73;
76, 82, 88, 94, 100, 106;
...
PROG
(Python)
from math import isqrt
def A143804(n): return 3*((m:=n<<1)-(k:=isqrt(m))-int(m>=k*(k+1)+1))-2 # Chai Wah Wu, Aug 01 2022
Primes, each occurring twice, such that a(C(n)) = a(4*n-C(n)) = prime(n), where C is the Connell sequence ( A001614).
+20
1
2, 3, 2, 5, 7, 3, 11, 5, 13, 17, 7, 19, 11, 23, 13, 29, 31, 17, 37, 19, 41, 23, 43, 29, 47, 53, 31, 59, 37, 61, 41, 67, 43, 71, 47, 73, 79, 53, 83, 59, 89, 61, 97, 67, 101, 71, 103, 73, 107, 109, 79, 113, 83, 127, 89, 131, 97, 137, 101, 139, 103, 149, 107, 151
COMMENTS
Terms can be arranged in an irregular triangle read by rows in which row r is a permutation P of the primes in the interval [prime(s), prime(s+rlen-1)], where s = 1+(r-1)*(r-2)/2, rlen = 2*r-1 = A005408(r-1) and r >= 1 (see example). P is the alternating (first term > second term < third term > fourth term < ...) permutation m -> 1, 1 -> 2, m+1 -> 3, 2 -> 4, m+2 -> 5, 3 -> 6, ..., rlen -> rlen where m = ceiling(rlen/2).
The triangle has the following properties.
Row lengths are the positive odd numbers ( A005408). Each even column is equal to the column preceding it.
Row records ( A011756) are in the right border. Indices of row records are the positive terms of A000290. Each row r contains r terms that are duplicated in the next row.
In each row, the sum of terms which are not already listed in the sequence give A007468.
EXAMPLE
Written as an irregular triangle the sequence begins:
2;
3, 2, 5;
7, 3, 11, 5, 13;
17, 7, 19, 11, 23, 13, 29;
31, 17, 37, 19, 41, 23, 43, 29, 47;
53, 31, 59, 37, 61, 41, 67, 43, 71, 47, 73;
79, 53, 83, 59, 89, 61, 97, 67, 101, 71, 103, 73, 107;
...
The triangle can be arranged as shown below so that, in every row, each odd position term is equal to the term immediately below it.
2
3 2 5
7 3 11 5 13
17 7 19 11 23 13 29
31 17 37 19 41 23 43 29 47
...
MATHEMATICA
nterms=64; a=ConstantArray[0, nterms]; For[n=1; p=1, n<=nterms, n++, If[a[[n]]==0, a[[n]]=Prime[p]; If[(d=4p-n)<=nterms, a[[d]]=a[[n]]]; p++]]; a
(* Second program, triangle rows *)
nrows=8; Table[rlen=2r-1; Permute[Prime[Range[s=1+(r-1)(r-2)/2, s+rlen-1]], Join[Range[2, rlen, 2], Range[1, rlen, 2]]], {r, nrows}]
Variation on Connell sequence ( A001614). In this one, a(1)=1, terms a(n) onwards are generated in "blocks" as the next a(n-1) odd numbers > a(n-1) if the previous block ends with a(n-1) even and the next a(n-1) even numbers > a(n-1) if the previous block ends with a(n-1) odd.
+20
0
1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, 116, 118, 120, 122, 123, 125
COMMENTS
The entries at the end of each odd or even block are 1,2,5,14,41,122,363,... and the first differences of these are 1,3,9,27,81,241=powers of 3.
FORMULA
a(n) = round( LambertW(3^((4*n-3)/2)*log(3)/2)/log(3)) = round( LambertW(x*exp((4*n-3)*x))/(2*x) ), where x=log(sqrt(3)). - Antonio G. Astudillo (afg_astudillo(AT)hotmail.com), Feb 13 2003
EXAMPLE
a(4)=5, which is odd, so the next terms from a(5) onwards are the next 5 even numbers greater than 5: 6,8,10,12,14. Thus the term 14 is followed by the next 14 odd numbers: 15,17,...,41 and so on.
AUTHOR
Mark Hudson (mrmarkhudson(AT)hotmail.com), Feb 12 2003
Tetrahedral (or triangular pyramidal) numbers: a(n) = C(n+2,3) = n*(n+1)*(n+2)/6.
(Formerly M3382 N1363)
+10
851
0, 1, 4, 10, 20, 35, 56, 84, 120, 165, 220, 286, 364, 455, 560, 680, 816, 969, 1140, 1330, 1540, 1771, 2024, 2300, 2600, 2925, 3276, 3654, 4060, 4495, 4960, 5456, 5984, 6545, 7140, 7770, 8436, 9139, 9880, 10660, 11480, 12341, 13244, 14190, 15180
COMMENTS
a(n) is the number of balls in a triangular pyramid in which each edge contains n balls.
One of the 5 Platonic polyhedral (tetrahedral, cube, octahedral, dodecahedral and icosahedral) numbers (cf. A053012). Also (1/6)*(n^3 + 3*n^2 + 2*n) is the number of ways to color the vertices of a triangle using <= n colors, allowing rotations and reflections. Group is the dihedral group D_6 with cycle index (x1^3 + 2*x3 + 3*x1*x2)/6.
Also the convolution of the natural numbers with themselves. - Felix Goldberg (felixg(AT)tx.technion.ac.il), Feb 01 2001
Connected with the Eulerian numbers (1, 4, 1) via 1*a(n-2) + 4*a(n-1) + 1*a(n) = n^3. - Gottfried Helms, Apr 15 2002 a(n) is sum of all the possible products p*q where (p,q) are ordered pairs and p + q = n + 1. E.g., a(5) = 5 + 8 + 9 + 8 + 5 = 35. - Amarnath Murthy, May 29 2003 Number of labeled graphs on n+3 nodes that are triangles. - Jon Perry, Jun 14 2003 Number of permutations of n+3 which have exactly 1 descent and avoid the pattern 1324. - Mike Zabrocki, Nov 05 2004 Schlaefli symbol for this polyhedron: {3,3}.
Transform of n^2 under the Riordan array (1/(1-x^2), x). - Paul Barry, Apr 16 2005 a(n) is a perfect square only for n = {1, 2, 48}. E.g., a(48) = 19600 = 140^2. - Alexander Adamchuk, Nov 24 2006 a(n+1) is the number of terms in the expansion of (a_1 + a_2 + a_3 + a_4)^n. - Sergio Falcon, Feb 12 2007 [Corrected by Graeme McRae, Aug 28 2007] a(n+1) is the number of terms in the complete homogeneous symmetric polynomial of degree n in 3 variables. - Richard Barnes, Sep 06 2017 This is also the average "permutation entropy", sum((pi(n)-n)^2)/n!, over the set of all possible n! permutations pi. - Jeff Boscole (jazzerciser(AT)hotmail.com), Mar 20 2007
a(n) = (d/dx)(S(n, x), x)|_{x = 2}. First derivative of Chebyshev S-polynomials evaluated at x = 2. See A049310. - Wolfdieter Lang, Apr 04 2007 If X is an n-set and Y a fixed (n-1)-subset of X then a(n-2) is equal to the number of 3-subsets of X intersecting Y. - Milan Janjic, Aug 15 2007 a(n) is the number of gifts received from the lyricist's true love up to and including day n in the song "The Twelve Days of Christmas". a(12) = 364, almost the number of days in the year. - Bernard Hill (bernard(AT)braeburn.co.uk), Dec 05 2008
Sequence of the absolute values of the z^1 coefficients of the polynomials in the GF2 denominators of A156925. See A157703 for background information. - Johannes W. Meijer, Mar 07 2009 This is a 'Matryoshka doll' sequence with alpha=0, the multiplicative counterpart is A000178: seq(add(add(i,i=alpha..k),k=alpha..n),n=alpha..50). - Peter Luschny, Jul 14 2009 a(n) is the number of nondecreasing triples of numbers from a set of size n, and it is the number of strictly increasing triples of numbers from a set of size n+2. - Samuel Savitz, Sep 12 2009 [Corrected and enhanced by Markus Sigg, Sep 24 2023] a(n) is the number of ordered sequences of 4 nonnegative integers that sum to n. E.g., a(2) = 10 because 2 = 2 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 1 + 1 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 2 + 0 + 0 = 1 + 0 + 1 + 0 = 0 + 1 + 1 + 0 = 0 + 0 + 2 + 0 = 1 + 0 + 0 + 1 = 0 + 1 + 0 + 1 = 0 + 0 + 1 + 1 = 0 + 0 + 0 + 2. - Artur Jasinski, Nov 30 2009 a(n) corresponds to the total number of steps to memorize n verses by the technique described in A173964. - Ibrahima Faye (ifaye2001(AT)yahoo.fr), Feb 22 2010 The number of (n+2)-bit numbers which contain two runs of 1's in their binary expansion. - Vladimir Shevelev, Jul 30 2010 a(n) is also, starting at the second term, the number of triangles formed in n-gons by intersecting diagonals with three diagonal endpoints (see the first column of the table in Sommars link). - Alexandre Wajnberg, Aug 21 2010 Column sums of:
1 4 9 16 25...
1 4 9...
1...
..............
--------------
1 4 10 20 35...
The Ca3, Ca4, Gi3 and Gi4 triangle sums (see A180662 for their definitions) of the Connell-Pol triangle A159797 are linear sums of shifted versions of the duplicated tetrahedral numbers, e.g., Gi3(n) = 17*a(n) + 19*a(n-1) and Gi4(n) = 5*a(n) + a(n-1). Furthermore the Kn3, Kn4, Ca3, Ca4, Gi3 and Gi4 triangle sums of the Connell sequence A001614 as a triangle are also linear sums of shifted versions of the sequence given above. (End) a(n-2)=N_0(n), n >= 1, with a(-1):=0, is the number of vertices of n planes in generic position in three-dimensional space. See a comment under A000125 for general arrangement. Comment to Arnold's problem 1990-11, see the Arnold reference, p. 506. - Wolfdieter Lang, May 27 2011 We consider optimal proper vertex colorings of a graph G. Assume that the labeling, i.e., coloring starts with 1. By optimality we mean that the maximum label used is the minimum of the maximum integer label used across all possible labelings of G. Let S=Sum of the differences |l(v) - l(u)|, the sum being over all edges uv of G and l(w) is the label associated with a vertex w of G. We say G admits unique labeling if all possible labelings of G is S-invariant and yields the same integer partition of S. With an offset this sequence gives the S-values for the complete graph on n vertices, n = 2, 3, ... . - K.V.Iyer, Jul 08 2011 Central term of commutator of transverse Virasoro operators in 4-D case for relativistic quantum open strings (ref. Zwiebach). - Tom Copeland, Sep 13 2011 Appears as a coefficient of a Sturm-Liouville operator in the Ovsienko reference on page 43. - Tom Copeland, Sep 13 2011 Regarding the second comment above by Amarnath Murthy (May 29 2003), see A181118 which gives the sequence of ordered pairs. - L. Edson Jeffery, Dec 17 2011 The dimension of the space spanned by the 3-form v[ijk] that couples to M2-brane worldsheets wrapping 3-cycles inside tori (ref. Green, Miller, Vanhove eq. 3.9). - Stephen Crowley, Jan 05 2012 a(n+1) is the number of 2 X 2 matrices with all terms in {0, 1, ..., n} and (sum of terms) = n. Also, a(n+1) is the number of 2 X 2 matrices with all terms in {0, 1, ..., n} and (sum of terms) = 3n. - Clark Kimberling, Mar 19 2012 Using n + 4 consecutive triangular numbers t(1), t(2), ..., t(n+4), where n is the n-th term of this sequence, create a polygon by connecting points (t(1), t(2)) to (t(2), t(3)), (t(2), t(3)) to (t(3), t(4)), ..., (t(1), t(2)) to (t(n+3), t(n+4)). The area of this polygon will be one-half of each term in this sequence. - J. M. Bergot, May 05 2012 Pisano period lengths: 1, 4, 9, 8, 5, 36, 7, 16, 27, 20, 11, 72, 13, 28, 45, 32, 17,108, 19, 40, ... . (The Pisano sequence modulo m is the auxiliary sequence p(n) = a(n) mod m, n >= 1, for some m. p(n) is periodic for all sequences with rational g.f., like this one, and others. The lengths of the period of p(n) are quoted here for m>=1.) - R. J. Mathar, Aug 10 2012 a(n) is the maximum possible number of rooted triples consistent with any phylogenetic tree (level-0 phylogenetic network) containing exactly n+2 leaves. - Jesper Jansson, Sep 10 2012 For n > 0, the digital roots of this sequence A010888(a(n)) form the purely periodic 27-cycle {1, 4, 1, 2, 8, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 7, 4, 5, 2, 5, 6, 6, 6, 7, 1, 7, 8, 5, 8, 9, 9, 9}, which just rephrases the Pisano period length above. - Ant King, Oct 18 2012 a(n) is the number of functions f from {1, 2, 3} to {1, 2, ..., n + 4} such that f(1) + 1 < f(2) and f(2) + 1 < f(3). - Dennis P. Walsh, Nov 27 2012 a(n) is the Szeged index of the path graph with n+1 vertices; see the Diudea et al. reference, p. 155, Eq. (5.8). - Emeric Deutsch, Aug 01 2013 Also the number of permutations of length n that can be sorted by a single block transposition. - Vincent Vatter, Aug 21 2013 a(n) is the 3 X 3 matrix determinant
| C(n,1) C(n,2) C(n,3) |
| C(n+1,1) C(n+1,2) C(n+1,3) |
| C(n+2,1) C(n+2,2) C(n+2,3) |
(End)
In physics, a(n)/2 is the trace of the spin operator S_z^2 for a particle with spin S=n/2. For example, when S=3/2, the S_z eigenvalues are -3/2, -1/2, +1/2, +3/2 and the sum of their squares is 10/2 = a(3)/2. - Stanislav Sykora, Nov 06 2013 a(n+1) = (n+1)*(n+2)*(n+3)/6 is also the dimension of the Hilbert space of homogeneous polynomials of degree n. - L. Edson Jeffery, Dec 12 2013 For n >= 4, a(n-3) is the number of permutations of 1,2...,n with the distribution of up (1) - down (0) elements 0...0111 (n-4 zeros), or, equivalently, a(n-3) is up-down coefficient {n,7} (see comment in A060351). - Vladimir Shevelev, Feb 15 2014 a(n) is one-half the area of the region created by plotting the points (n^2,(n+1)^2). A line connects points (n^2,(n+1)^2) and ((n+1)^2, (n+2)^2) and a line is drawn from (0,1) to each increasing point. From (0,1) to (4,9) the area is 2; from (0,1) to (9,16) the area is 8; further areas are 20,40,70,...,2*a(n). - J. M. Bergot, May 29 2014 Beukers and Top prove that no tetrahedral number > 1 equals a square pyramidal number A000330. - Jonathan Sondow, Jun 21 2014 a(n+1) is for n >= 1 the number of nondecreasing n-letter words over the alphabet [4] = {1, 2, 3, 4} (or any other four distinct numbers). a(2+1) = 10 from the words 11, 22, 33, 44, 12, 13, 14, 23, 24, 34; which is also the maximal number of distinct elements in a symmetric 4 X 4 matrix. Inspired by the Jul 20 2014 comment by R. J. Cano on A000582. - Wolfdieter Lang, Jul 29 2014 Degree of the q-polynomial counting the orbits of plane partitions under the action of the symmetric group S3. Orbit-counting generating function is product_{i <= j <= k <= n} ( (1 - q^(i + j + k - 1))/(1 - q^(i + j + k - 2)) ). See q-TSPP reference. - Olivier Gérard, Feb 25 2015 If n is even then a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n/2} (2k)^2. If n is odd then a(n) = Sum_{k=0..(n-1)/2} (1+2k)^2. This can be illustrated as stacking boxes inside a square pyramid on plateaus of edge lengths 2k or 2k+1, respectively. The largest k are the 2k X 2k or (2k+1) X (2k+1) base. - R. K. Guy, Feb 26 2015 Draw n lines in general position in the plane. Any three define a triangle, so in all we see C(n,3) = a(n-2) triangles (6 lines produce 4 triangles, and so on). - Terry Stickels, Jul 21 2015
a(n-2) = fallfac(n,3)/3!, n >= 3, is also the number of independent components of an antisymmetric tensor of rank 3 and dimension n. Here fallfac is the falling factorial. - Wolfdieter Lang, Dec 10 2015 Number of compositions (ordered partitions) of n+3 into exactly 4 parts. - Juergen Will, Jan 02 2016 Number of weak compositions (ordered weak partitions) of n-1 into exactly 4 parts. - Juergen Will, Jan 02 2016 For n >= 2 gives the number of multiplications of two nonzero matrix elements in calculating the product of two upper n X n triangular matrices. - John M. Coffey, Jun 23 2016 Terms a(4n+1), n >= 0, are odd, all others are even. The 2-adic valuation of the subsequence of every other term, a(2n+1), n >= 0, yields the ruler sequence A007814. Sequence A275019 gives the 2-adic valuation of a(n). - M. F. Hasler, Dec 05 2016 Does not satisfy Benford's law [Ross, 2012]. - N. J. A. Sloane, Feb 12 2017 C(n+2,3) is the number of ways to select 1 triple among n+2 objects, thus a(n) is the coefficient of x1^(n-1)*x3 in exponential Bell polynomial B_{n+2}(x1,x2,...), hence its link with A050534 and A001296 (see formula). - Cyril Damamme, Feb 26 2018 a(n) is also the number of 3-cycles in the (n+4)-path complement graph. - Eric W. Weisstein, Apr 11 2018 a(n) is the general number of all geodetic graphs of diameter n homeomorphic to a complete graph K4. - Carlos Enrique Frasser, May 24 2018 a(n) + 4*a(n-1) + a(n-2) = n^3 = A000578(n), for n >= 0 (extending the a(n) formula given in the name). This is the Worpitzky identity for cubes. (Number of components of the decomposition of a rank 3 tensor in dimension n >= 1 into symmetric, mixed and antisymmetric parts). For a(n-2) see my Dec 10 2015 comment. - Wolfdieter Lang, Jul 16 2019 a(n) also gives the total number of regular triangles of length k (in some length unit), with k from {1, 2, ..., n}, in the matchstick arrangement with enclosing triangle of length n, but only triangles with the orientation of the enclosing triangle are counted. Row sums of unsigned A122432(n-1, k-1), for n >= 1. See the Andrew Howroyd comment in A085691. - Wolfdieter Lang, Apr 06 2020 a(n) is the number of bigrassmannian permutations on n+1 elements, i.e., permutations which have a unique left descent, and a unique right descent. - Rafael Mrden, Aug 21 2020 a(n-2) is the number of chiral pairs of colorings of the edges or vertices of a triangle using n or fewer colors. - Robert A. Russell, Oct 20 2020 a(n-2) is the number of subsets of {1,2,...,n} whose diameters are their size. For example, for n=4, a(2)=4 and the sets are {1,3}, {2,4}, {1,2,4}, {1,3,4}. - Enrique Navarrete, Dec 26 2020 For n>1, a(n-2) is the number of subsets of {1,2,...,n} in which the second largest element is the size of the subset. For example, for n=4, a(2)=4 and the sets are {2,3}, {2,4}, {1,3,4}, {2,3,4}. - Enrique Navarrete, Jan 02 2021 a(n) is the number of binary strings of length n+2 with exactly three 0's. - Enrique Navarrete, Jan 15 2021 Aside from the zero, this sequence is the fourth diagonal of the Pascal matrix A007318 and the only nonvanishing diagonal (fourth) of the matrix representation IM = ( A132440)^3/3! of the differential operator D^3/3!, when acting on the row vector of coefficients of an o.g.f., or power series. M = e^{IM} is the lower triangular matrix of coefficients of the Appell polynomial sequence p_n(x) = e^{D^3/3!} x^n = e^{b. D} x^n = (b. + x)^n = Sum_{k=0..n} binomial(n,k) b_n x^{n-k}, where the (b.)^n = b_n have the e.g.f. e^{b.t} = e^{t^3/3!}, which is that for A025035 aerated with double zeros, the first column of M. See A099174 and A000332 for analogous relationships for the third and fifth diagonals of the Pascal matrix. (End) a(n) is the number of circles with a radius of integer length >= 1 and center at a grid point in an n X n grid. - Albert Swafford, Jun 11 2021 Maximum Wiener index over all connected graphs with n+1 vertices. - Allan Bickle, Jul 09 2022 The third Euler row (1,4,1) has an additional connection with the tetrahedral numbers besides the n^3 identity stated above: a^2(n) + 4*a^2(n+1) + a^2(n+2) = a(n^2+4n+4), which can be shown with algebra. E.g., a^2(2) + 4*a^2(3) + a^2(4) = 16 + 400 + 400 = a(16). Although an analogous thing happens with the (1,1) row of Euler's triangle and triangular numbers C(n+1,2) = A000217(n) = T(n), namely both T(n-1) + T(n) = n^2 and T^2(n-1) + T^2(n) = T(n^2) are true, only one (the usual identity) still holds for the Euler row (1,11,11,1) and the C(n,4) numbers in A000332. That is, the dot product of (1,11,11,1) with the squares of 4 consecutive terms of A000332 is not generally a term of A000332. - Richard Peterson, Aug 21 2022 For n > 1, a(n-2) is the number of solutions of the Diophantine equation x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 = n, subject to the constraints 0 <= x1, 1 <= x2, 2 <= x3, 0 <= x4 <= 1, 0 <= x5 and x5 is even. - Daniel Checa, Nov 03 2022 a(n+1) is also the number of vertices of the generalized Pitman-Stanley polytope with parameters 2, n, and vector (1,1, ... ,1), which is integrally equivalent to a flow polytope over the grid graph having 2 rows and n columns. - William T. Dugan, Sep 18 2023
REFERENCES
M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards Applied Math. Series 55, 1964 (and various reprintings), p. 828.
V. I. Arnold (ed.), Arnold's Problems, Springer, 2004, comments on Problem 1990-11 (p. 75), pp. 503-510. Numbers N_0.
A. H. Beiler, Recreations in the Theory of Numbers, Dover, NY, 1964, p. 194.
J. H. Conway and R. K. Guy, The Book of Numbers, Copernicus Press, NY, 1996, p. 83.
H. S. M. Coxeter, Polyhedral numbers, pp. 25-35 of R. S. Cohen, J. J. Stachel and M. W. Wartofsky, eds., For Dirk Struik: Scientific, historical and political essays in honor of Dirk J. Struik, Reidel, Dordrecht, 1974.
E. Deza and M. M. Deza, Figurate numbers, World Scientific Publishing (2012), page 93.
L. E. Dickson, History of the Theory of Numbers. Carnegie Institute Public. 256, Washington, DC, Vol. 1, 1919; Vol. 2, 1920; Vol. 3, 1923, see vol. 2, p. 4.
M. V. Diudea, I. Gutman, and J. Lorentz, Molecular Topology, Nova Science, 2001, Huntington, N.Y. pp. 152-156.
J. C. P. Miller, editor, Table of Binomial Coefficients. Royal Society Mathematical Tables, Vol. 3, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1954.
V. Ovsienko and S. Tabachnikov, Projective Differential Geometry Old and New, Cambridge Tracts in Mathematics (no. 165), Cambridge Univ. Press, 2005.
Kenneth A Ross, First Digits of Squares and Cubes, Math. Mag. 85 (2012) 36-42. doi:10.4169/math.mag.85.1.36.
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
A. Szenes, The combinatorics of the Verlinde formulas (N.J. Hitchin et al., ed.), in Vector bundles in algebraic geometry, Cambridge, 1995.
D. Wells, The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers, Penguin Books, 1987, pp. 126-127.
B. Zwiebach, A First Course in String Theory, Cambridge, 2004; see p. 226.
LINKS
M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards, Applied Math. Series 55, Tenth Printing, 1972 [alternative scanned copy]. T. P. Martin, Shells of atoms, Phys. Reports, 273 (1996), 199-241, eq. (1).
FORMULA
a(n) = C(n+2,3) = n*(n+1)*(n+2)/6 (see the name).
G.f.: x / (1 - x)^4.
a(n) = -a(-4 - n) for all in Z.
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} A000217(k) = Sum_{k=1..n} Sum_{j=0..k} j, partial sums of the triangular numbers. Determinant of the n X n symmetric Pascal matrix M_(i, j) = C(i+j+2, i). - Benoit Cloitre, Aug 19 2003 The sum of a series constructed by the products of the index and the length of the series (n) minus the index (i): a(n) = sum[i(n-i)]. - Martin Steven McCormick (mathseq(AT)wazer.net), Apr 06 2005
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..floor((n-1)/2)} (n-2k)^2 [offset 0]; a(n+1) = Sum_{k=0..n} k^2*(1-(-1)^(n+k-1))/2 [offset 0]. - Paul Barry, Apr 16 2005 Values of the Verlinde formula for SL_2, with g = 2: a(n) = Sum_{j=1..n-1} n/(2*sin^2(j*Pi/n)). - Simone Severini, Sep 25 2006 a(n-1) = (1/(1!*2!))*Sum_{1 <= x_1, x_2 <= n} |det V(x_1, x_2)| = (1/2)*Sum_{1 <= i,j <= n} |i-j|, where V(x_1, x_2) is the Vandermonde matrix of order 2. Column 2 of A133112. - Peter Bala, Sep 13 2007 Starting with 1 = binomial transform of [1, 3, 3, 1, ...]; e.g., a(4) = 20 = (1, 3, 3, 1) dot (1, 3, 3, 1) = (1 + 9 + 9 + 1). - Gary W. Adamson, Nov 04 2007 Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n) = 3/2, case x = 1 in Gradstein-Ryshik 1.513.7. - R. J. Mathar, Jan 27 2009 With offset 1, a(n) = (1/6)*floor(n^5/(n^2 + 1)). - Gary Detlefs, Feb 14 2010 a(n) = (3*n^2 + 6*n + 2)/(6*(h(n+2) - h(n-1))), n > 0, where h(n) is the n-th harmonic number. - Gary Detlefs, Jul 01 2011 a(n) = coefficient of x^2 in the Maclaurin expansion of 1 + 1/(x+1) + 1/(x+1)^2 + 1/(x+1)^3 + ... + 1/(x+1)^n. - Francesco Daddi, Aug 02 2011 a(n) = coefficient of x^4 in the Maclaurin expansion of sin(x)*exp((n+1)*x). - Francesco Daddi, Aug 04 2011 a(n) = 3*a(n-1) - 3*a(n-2) + a(n-3) + 1. - Ant King, Oct 18 2012 G.f.: x*U(0) where U(k) = 1 + 2*x*(k+2)/( 2*k+1 - x*(2*k+1)*(2*k+5)/(x*(2*k+5)+(2*k+2)/U(k+1) )); (continued fraction, 3rd kind, 3-step). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Dec 01 2012 a(n^2 - 1) = (1/2)*(a(n^2 - n - 2) + a(n^2 + n - 2)) and
G.f.: x + 4*x^2/(Q(0)-4*x) where Q(k) = 1 + k*(x+1) + 4*x - x*(k+1)*(k+5)/Q(k+1); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Mar 14 2013 a(n+1) = det(C(i+3,j+2), 1 <= i,j <= n), where C(n,k) are binomial coefficients. - Mircea Merca, Apr 06 2013 G.f.: x*G(0)/2, where G(k) = 1 + 1/(1 - x/(x + (k+1)/(k+4)/G(k+1))); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Jun 02 2013 a(n)*(m+1)^3 + a(m)*(n+1) = a(n*m + n + m), for any nonnegative integers m and n. This is a 3D analog of Euler's theorem about triangular numbers, namely t(n)*(2m+1)^2 + t(m) = t(2nm + n + m), where t(n) is the n-th triangular number. - Ivan N. Ianakiev, Aug 20 2013 Sum_{n>=0} a(n)/(n+1)! = 2*e/3 = 1.8121878856393... . Sum_{n>=1} a(n)/n! = 13*e/6 = 5.88961062832... . - Richard R. Forberg, Dec 25 2013 a(k*n) = a(k)*a(n) + 4*a(k-1)*a(n-1) + a(k-2)*a(n-2). - Robert Israel, Apr 20 2015 Dirichlet g.f.: (zeta(s-3) + 3*zeta(s-2) + 2*zeta(s-1))/6. - Ilya Gutkovskiy, Jul 01 2016 G.f.: x/(1 - x)^4 = (x * r(x) * r(x^2) * r(x^4) * r(x^8) * ...), where r(x) = (1 + x)^4 = (1 + 4x + 6x^2 + 4x^3 + x^4); and x/(1 - x)^4 = (x * r(x) * r(x^3) * r(x^9) * r(x^27) * ...) where r(x) = (1 + x + x^2)^4. - Gary W. Adamson, Jan 23 2017 a(n) = 1*C(n,1) + 2*C(n,2) + 1*C(n,3), where the coefficient of C(n,k) is the number of unoriented triangle colorings using exactly k colors.
a(n-2) = 1*C(n,3), where the coefficient of C(n,k) is the number of chiral pairs of triangle colorings using exactly k colors.
Product_{n>=1} (1 + 1/a(n)) = sinh(sqrt(2)*Pi)/(3*sqrt(2)*Pi).
Product_{n>=2} (1 - 1/a(n)) = sqrt(2)*sinh(sqrt(2)*Pi)/(33*Pi). (End)
EXAMPLE
a(2) = 3*4*5/6 = 10, the number of balls in a pyramid of 3 layers of balls, 6 in a triangle at the bottom, 3 in the middle layer and 1 on top.
Consider the square array
1 2 3 4 5 6 ...
2 4 6 8 10 12 ...
3 6 9 12 16 20 ...
4 8 12 16 20 24 ...
5 10 15 20 25 30 ...
...
G.f. = x + 4*x^2 + 10*x^3 + 20*x^4 + 35*x^5 + 56*x^6 + 84*x^7 + 120*x^8 + 165*x^9 + ...
Example for a(3+1) = 20 nondecreasing 3-letter words over {1,2,3,4}: 111, 222, 333; 444, 112, 113, 114, 223, 224, 122, 224, 133, 233, 144, 244, 344; 123, 124, 134, 234. 4 + 4*3 + 4 = 20. - Wolfdieter Lang, Jul 29 2014 Example for a(4-2) = 4 independent components of a rank 3 antisymmetric tensor A of dimension 4: A(1,2,3), A(1,2,4), A(1,3,4) and A(2,3,4). - Wolfdieter Lang, Dec 10 2015
MAPLE
a:=n->n*(n+1)*(n+2)/6; seq(a(n), n=0..50);
isA000292 := proc(n)
option remember;
local a, i ;
for i from iroot(6*n, 3)-1 do
if a > n then
return false;
elif a = n then
return true;
end if;
end do:
MATHEMATICA
Accumulate[Accumulate[Range[0, 50]]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Dec 10 2011 *) LinearRecurrence[{4, -6, 4, -1}, {0, 1, 4, 10}, 20] (* Eric W. Weisstein, Sep 08 2017 *) CoefficientList[Series[x/(-1 + x)^4, {x, 0, 20}], x] (* Eric W. Weisstein, Sep 08 2017 *) Table[Range[n].Range[n, 1, -1], {n, 0, 50}] (* Harvey P. Dale, Mar 02 2024 *)
PROG
(PARI) a(n) = (n) * (n+1) * (n+2) / 6 \\ corrected by Harry J. Smith, Dec 22 2008 (PARI) a=vector(10000); a[2]=1; for(i=3, #a, a[i]=a[i-2]+i*i); \\ Stanislav Sykora, Nov 07 2013 (Haskell)
a000292 n = n * (n + 1) * (n + 2) `div` 6
a000292_list = scanl1 (+) a000217_list
x, y, z = 1, 1, 1
yield 0
while True:
yield x
x, y, z = x + y + z + 1, y + z + 1, z + 1
CROSSREFS
Sums of 2 consecutive terms give A000330. Cf. A000217 (first differences), A001044, (see above example), A061552, A040977, A133111, A133112, A152205, A158823, A156925, A157703, A173964, A058187, A190717, A190718, A100440, A181118, A222716. Cf. A216499 (the analogous sequence for level-1 phylogenetic networks). Cf. similar sequences listed in A237616. Cf. A104712 (second column, if offset is 2). Cf. A002817 (4-cycle count of \bar P_{n+4}), A060446 (5-cycle count of \bar P_{n+3}), A302695 (6-cycle count of \bar P_{n+5}) Row 2 of A325000 (simplex facets and vertices) and A327084 (simplex edges and ridges). Cf. (triangle colorings) A006527 (oriented), A000290 (achiral), A327085 (chiral simplex edges and ridges). Row 3 of A321791 (cycles of n colors using k or fewer colors).
n appears n+1 times. Also the array A(n,k) = n+k (n >= 0, k >= 0) read by antidiagonals. Also inverse of triangular numbers.
+10
362
0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12
COMMENTS
Also triangle read by rows: T(n,k), n>=0, k>=0, in which n appears n+1 times in row n. - Omar E. Pol, Jul 15 2012 The PARI functions t1, t2 can be used to read a triangular array T(n,k) (n >= 0, 0 <= k <= n-1) by rows from left to right: n -> T(t1(n), t2(n)). - Michael Somos, Aug 23 2002 Number of terms in partition of n with greatest number of distinct terms. - Amarnath Murthy, May 20 2001 Summation table for (x+y) = (0+0),(0+1),(1+0),(0+2),(1+1),(2+0), ...
Also the number of triangular numbers less than or equal to n, not counting 0 as triangular. - Robert G. Wilson v, Oct 21 2005 Also the maximum number of 1's contained in the list of hook-lengths of a partition of n. E.g., a(4)=2 because hooks of partitions of n=4 comprise {4,3,2,1}, {4,2,1,1}, {3,2,2,1}, {4,1,2,1}, {4,3,2,1} where the number of 1's in each is 1,2,1,2,1. Hence the maximum is 2. - T. Amdeberhan, Jun 03 2012 Fan, Yang, and Yu (2012) prove a conjecture of Amdeberhan on the generating function of a(n). - Jonathan Sondow, Dec 17 2012 Also the number of partitions of n into distinct parts p such that max(p) - min(p) <= length(p). - Clark Kimberling, Apr 18 2014 Also the maximum number of occurrences of any single value among the previous terms. - Ivan Neretin, Sep 20 2015 Also number of peaks in the largest Dyck path of the symmetric representation of sigma(n), n >= 1. Cf. A237593. - Omar E. Pol, Dec 19 2016
FORMULA
a(n) = floor(-1/2 + sqrt(2*n+b)) with 1/4 <= b < 9/4 or a(n) = floor((sqrt(8*n+b)-1)/2) with 1 <= b < 9. - Michael A. Childers (childers_moof(AT)yahoo.com), Nov 11 2001
a(n) = f(n,0) with f(n,k) = k if n <= k, otherwise f(n-k-1, k+1). - Reinhard Zumkeller, May 23 2009 G.f.: (1-x)^(-1)*Sum_{n>=1} x^(n*(n+1)/2) = (Theta_2(0,x^(1/2)) - 2*x^(1/8))/(2*x^(1/8)*(1-x)) where Theta_2 is a Jacobi Theta function. - Robert Israel, May 21 2015 a(n+1) = a(n-a(n)) + 1, a(0) = 0. - Rok Cestnik, Dec 29 2020
EXAMPLE
G.f. = x + x^2 + 2*x^3 + 2*x^4 + 2*x^5 + 3*x^6 + 3*x^7 + 3*x^8 + 3*x^9 + 4*x^10 + ...
As triangle, the sequence starts
0;
1, 1;
2, 2, 2;
3, 3, 3, 3;
4, 4, 4, 4, 4;
5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5;
6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6;
7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7;
8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8;
...
MAPLE
a := [ 0 ]: for i from 1 to 15 do for j from 1 to i+1 do a := [ op(a), i ]; od: od: a;
floor((sqrt(1+8*n)-1)/2) ;
MATHEMATICA
f[n_] := Floor[(Sqrt[1 + 8n] - 1)/2]; Table[ f[n], {n, 0, 87}] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Oct 21 2005 *) Table[x, {x, 0, 13}, {y, 0, x}] // Flatten
T[ n_, k_] := If[ n >= k >= 0, n, 0]; (* Michael Somos, Dec 22 2016 *) Flatten[Table[PadRight[{}, n+1, n], {n, 0, 12}]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jul 03 2021 *)
PROG
(PARI) t1(n)=floor(-1/2+sqrt(2+2*n)) /* A003056 */ (PARI) t2(n)=n-binomial(floor(1/2+sqrt(2+2*n)), 2) /* A002262 */ (Haskell)
a003056 = floor . (/ 2) . (subtract 1) .
sqrt . (+ 1) . (* 8) . fromIntegral
a003056_row n = replicate (n + 1) n
a003056_tabl = map a003056_row [0..]
a003056_list = concat $ a003056_tabl
(Python)
from math import isqrt
def A003056(n): return (k:=isqrt(m:=n+1<<1))+int((m<<2)>(k<<2)*(k+1)+1)-1 # Chai Wah Wu, Jul 26 2022
CROSSREFS
Cf. A000196, A000217, A000462, A001227, A001462, A001614, A004247 (multiplication table), A006463 (partial sums), A016655, A050600, A050602, A048645, A122797, A131507, A238005.
1, 7, 21, 43, 73, 111, 157, 211, 273, 343, 421, 507, 601, 703, 813, 931, 1057, 1191, 1333, 1483, 1641, 1807, 1981, 2163, 2353, 2551, 2757, 2971, 3193, 3423, 3661, 3907, 4161, 4423, 4693, 4971, 5257, 5551, 5853, 6163, 6481, 6807, 7141, 7483, 7833, 8191
COMMENTS
Move in 1-7 direction in a spiral organized like A068225 etc.
FORMULA
a(n+1) = 4*n^2 + 2*n + 1. - Paul Barry, Apr 02 2003 a(n) = 4*n^2 - 6*n+3 - 3*0^n (with leading zero). - Paul Barry, Jun 11 2003 Binomial transform of [1, 6, 8, 0, 0, 0, ...]. - Gary W. Adamson, Dec 28 2007 a(n) = 3*a(n-1) - 3*a(n-2) + a(n-3).
G.f.: x*(1+x)*(1+3*x)/(1-x)^3. (End)
E.g.f.: -3 + (3 - 2*x + 4*x^2)*exp(x). - G. C. Greubel, Jul 04 2019
MATHEMATICA
LinearRecurrence[{3, -3, 1}, {1, 7, 21}, 50] (* Harvey P. Dale, Nov 17 2012 *)
PROG
(Magma) [4*n^2-6*n+3: n in [1..50]]; // G. C. Greubel, Jul 04 2019 (Sage) [4*n^2-6*n+3 for n in (1..50)] # G. C. Greubel, Jul 04 2019 (GAP) List([1..50], n-> 4*n^2-6*n+3) # G. C. Greubel, Jul 04 2019
Expansion of (1+x)/(1-x^2)^4: duplicated tetrahedral numbers.
+10
32
1, 1, 4, 4, 10, 10, 20, 20, 35, 35, 56, 56, 84, 84, 120, 120, 165, 165, 220, 220, 286, 286, 364, 364, 455, 455, 560, 560, 680, 680, 816, 816, 969, 969, 1140, 1140, 1330, 1330, 1540, 1540, 1771, 1771, 2024, 2024, 2300, 2300, 2600, 2600, 2925, 2925, 3276, 3276
COMMENTS
For n >= i, i = 6,7, a(n - i) is the number of incongruent two-color bracelets of n beads, i of which are black (cf. A005513, A032280), having a diameter of symmetry. The latter means the following: if we imagine (0,1)-beads as points (with the corresponding labels) dividing a circumference of a bracelet into n identical parts, then a diameter of symmetry is a diameter (connecting two beads or not) such that a 180-degree turn of one of two sets of points around it (obtained by splitting the circumference by this diameter) leads to the coincidence of the two sets (including their labels). - Vladimir Shevelev, May 03 2011 The Kn11, Kn12, Kn13, Fi1 and Ze1 triangle sums, see A180662 for their definitions, of the Connell-Pol triangle A159797 are linear sums of shifted versions of the duplicated tetrahedral numbers, e.g., Fi1(n) = a(n-1) + 5*a(n-2) + a(n-3) + 5*a(n-4). The Kn11, Kn12, Kn13, Kn21, Kn22, Kn23, Fi1, Fi2, Ze1 and Ze2 triangle sums of the Connell sequence A001614 as a triangle are also linear sums of shifted versions of the sequence given above. (End) The number of quadruples of integers [x, u, v, w] that satisfy x > u > v > w >= 0, n + 5 = x + u. - Michael Somos, Feb 09 2015 Also, this sequence is the fourth column in the triangle of the coefficients of the sum of two consecutive Fibonacci polynomials F(n+1, x) and F(n, x) (n>=0) in ascending powers of x. - Mohammad K. Azarian, Jul 18 2018
FORMULA
a(2*n) = a(2*n+1) = A000292(n) = (n+1)*(n+2)*(n+3)/6. a(n) = (2*n^3 + 21*n^2 + 67*n + 63)/96 + (n^2 + 7*n + 11)(-1)^n/32. - Paul Barry, Aug 19 2003 Euler transform of finite sequence [1, 3]. - Michael Somos, Jun 07 2005 G.f.: 1 / ((1 - x) * (1 - x^2)^3) = 1 / ((1 + x)^3 * (1 - x)^4). a(n) = -a(-7-n) for all n in Z.
MATHEMATICA
a[n_]:= Length @ FindInstance[{x>u, u>v, v>w, w>=0, x+u==n+5}, {x, u, v, w}, Integers, 10^9]; (* Michael Somos, Feb 09 2015 *) With[{tetra=Binomial[Range[30]+2, 3]}, Riffle[tetra, tetra]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Mar 22 2015 *)
PROG
(PARI) {a(n) = binomial(n\2+3, 3)}; /* Michael Somos, Jun 07 2005 */ (Haskell)
a058187 n = a058187_list !! n
a058187_list = 1 : f 1 1 [1] where
f x y zs = z : f (x + y) (1 - y) (z:zs) where
z = sum $ zipWith (*) [1..x] [x, x-1..1]
(Sage) [binomial((n//2)+3, 3) for n in (0..60)] # G. C. Greubel, Feb 18 2022
CROSSREFS
Cf. A057884. Sum of 2 consecutive terms gives A006918, whose sum of 2 consecutive terms gives A002623, whose sum of 2 consecutive terms gives A000292, which is this sequence without the duplication. Continuing to sum 2 consecutive terms gives A000330, A005900, A001845, A008412 successively.
q-factorial numbers 3!_q.
+10
19
1, 6, 21, 52, 105, 186, 301, 456, 657, 910, 1221, 1596, 2041, 2562, 3165, 3856, 4641, 5526, 6517, 7620, 8841, 10186, 11661, 13272, 15025, 16926, 18981, 21196, 23577, 26130, 28861, 31776, 34881, 38182, 41685, 45396, 49321, 53466, 57837, 62440, 67281, 72366
COMMENTS
Number of proper n-colorings of the 4-cycle with one vertex color fixed (offset 2). - Michael Somos, Jul 19 2002 If Y is a 4-subset of an n-set X then, for n>=5, a(n-5) is the number of 5-subsets of X having at least two elements in common with Y. - Milan Janjic, Dec 08 2007 Binomial transform of 1, 5, 10, 6, 0, 0, 0 (0 continued). - Philippe Deléham, Mar 17 2014
REFERENCES
T. A. Gulliver, Sequences from Cubes of Integers, Int. Math. Journal, 4 (2003), 439-445.
FORMULA
a(n) = (n + 1)*(n^2 + n + 1).
a(n) = (n+1)^3-2*T(n) where T(n) =n*(n+1)/2= A000217(n) is the n-th triangular number. - Herman Jamke (hermanjamke(AT)fastmail.fm), Sep 14 2006 a(n) = n^8 mod (n^3+n), with offset 1..a(1)=1. - Gary Detlefs, May 02 2010 a(n) = 4*a(n-1)-6*a(n-2)+ 4*a(n-3)- a(n-4), n>3. - Harvey P. Dale, Jul 11 2011
EXAMPLE
For 2-colorings only 1212 is proper so a(2-2)=1. The proper 3-colorings are: 1212,1313,1213,1312,1232,1323 so a(3-2)=6.
a(0) = 1*1 = 1;
a(1) = 1*1 + 5*1 = 6;
a(2) = 1*1 + 5*2 + 10*1 = 21;
a(3) = 1*1 + 5*3 + 10*3 + 6*1 = 52;
MATHEMATICA
LinearRecurrence[{4, -6, 4, -1}, {1, 6, 21, 52}, 41] (* or *) Table[(n + 1) (n^2 + n + 1), {n, 0, 41}] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jul 11 2011 *)
PROG
(PARI) a(n)=(n+1)*(n^2+n+1)
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