OFFSET
1,1
COMMENTS
Irregular triangle read by rows ( see examples ). The phase space trajectory of A276738 has one time dependent variable, the phase space angle "x" defined as Tan[x]=p/q. Then dx/dt = cos[x]^2* d/dt(p/q), which can be written as a function of Q=cos[x] by application of the classical equations of motion d/dt(p,q) = ( -d/dq H, d/dp H ), with H the anharmonic oscillator Hamiltonian. Substituting the result of A276738 and expanding in powers of b, we obtain dx/dt = -1 + sum b^n*T(n,m)*f(n,m); where the sum runs over n=1,2,3... and m = 1,2,3, ... A000041(n). The basis functions f(n,m) are the same as in A276738. Observe the limit where Q --> 0, dx/dt --> -1, the harmonic oscillator value. Similarly if v_i --> 0 then dx/dt --> -1.
LINKS
Bradley Klee, Plane Pendulum and Beyond by Phase Space Geometry, arXiv:1605.09102 [physics.class-ph], 2016.
EXAMPLE
n/m 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
---------------------------------------------
1 | -3
2 | -4, 6
3 | -5, 22, -30
4 | -6, 36, 16, -168 192
5 | -7, 54, 46, -294 -266 1428 -1386
---------------------------------------------
MATHEMATICA
R[n_] := b Plus[1, Total[b^# R[#, q] & /@ Range[n]]]
Vp[n_] := Total[2 v[# + 2] q^(# + 2) & /@ Range[n]]
H[n_] := Expand[1/2*r^2 + Vp[n]]
RRules[n_] := With[{H = Series[ReplaceAll[H[n], {q -> R[n] Q, r -> R[n]}], {b, 0, n + 2}]}, Function[{rules},
Nest[Rule[#[[1]], ReplaceAll[#[[2]], rules]] & /@ # &, rules, n]][
Flatten[R[#, q] -> Expand[-ReplaceAll[ Coefficient[H, b^(# + 2)], {R[#, q] -> 0}]] & /@ Range[n]]]]
xDot[n_] := Expand[Normal@Series[ReplaceAll[ Q^2 D[D[q[t], t]/q[t], t], {D[q[t], t] -> R[n] P, q[t] -> R[n] Q, r -> R[n], D[q[t], {t, 2}]
-> ReplaceAll[D[-(q^2/2 + Vp[n]), q], q -> R[n] Q]} ], {b, 0, n}] /. RRules[n] /. {P^2 -> 1 - Q^2}]
basis[n_] := Times[Times @@ (v /@ #), Q^Total[#], 2] & /@ (IntegerPartitions[n] /. x_Integer :> x + 2)
TriangleRow[n_, fun_] := Coefficient[fun, b^n #] & /@ basis[n]
With[{xd = xDot[10]}, TriangleRow[#, xd] /. v[_] -> 0 & /@ Range[10]]
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
sign,tabf
AUTHOR
Bradley Klee, Sep 18 2016
STATUS
approved