Abu Nidal

Abu Nidal
Født	mai 1937; Jaffa (Palestinamandatet)
Død	16. aug. 2002 ; Bagdad
Beskjeftigelse	Politiker
Utdannet ved	Universitetet i Kairo
Parti	Abu Nidal-organisasjonen
Nasjonalitet	Irak; Palestina

Abu Nidal (arabisk: أبو نضال), født Sabri Khalil al-Banna^[2] (arabisk: صبري خليل البنا), (født mai 1937,^[3] død 16. august 2002) var en palestinsk politisk leder, leiesoldat og grunnlegger av «Fatah - Det revolusjonære rådet» (arabisk: فتح المجلس الثوري), mer kjent som Abu Nidal-organisasjonen (ANO).^[4] På 1970- og 1980-tallet, da hans maktposisjon var som sterkest, ble Abu Nidal (kjent som «kampens far»^[5]) viden ansett som verdens farligste terroristleder.^[6]

Abu Nidal-organisasjonen var en del av den palestinske, sekulære, venstreorienterte koalisjonen Avvisningsfronten, som fikk sitt navn etter at de avviste flere forslag for et fredfullt forlik med Israel. ANO ble dannet i 1974 etter en splittelse mellom Abu Nidal og Yasir Arafats fraksjon Fatah, som var en del av Palestinas frigjøringsorganisasjon (PLO). Abu Nidal, som jobbet som frilanskontraktør, skal ha bestilt terrorangrep i 20 land og dermed drept eller skadet over 900 mennesker.^[7] Gruppens mest kjente angrep fant sted ved billettskranken til flyselskapet El Al på flyplassene i Roma og Wien i desember 1985. Væpnede arabere, dopet på amfetamin, løsnet ild mot passasjerer i flere simultane skuddvekslinger, hvor de drepte 18 og skadet 120 personer.

Abu Nidal døde av mellom ett og fire pistolskudd i Bagdad i august 2002. Ifølge palestinske kilder skal drapet ha foregått på ordre fra Saddam Hussein,^[8] selv om Iraks myndigheter hevdet at han begikk selvmord.^[9]

Referanser

^ Gemeinsame Normdatei, besøkt 31. desember 2014^{[Hentet fra Wikidata]}
^ According to Yossi Melman, there is some disagreement about his name. The Daily Telegraph has written that he was Hasan Sabri al-Banna; the Middle East International has said he was Muhammad Sabri al-Banna. According to Stewart Steven, who has written about the Mossad, he was Sabri Khalil al-Banna or Mazan Sabri al-Banna. The name Khalil comes from his father; it is an Arab tradition that the father's name be added to the son's. Al-Banna means "the builder." (Melman, Yossi. The Master Terrorist: The True Story Behind Abu Nidal, Mama Books, 1986, p. 44-45.) He was also known as Amin al-Sirr and Sabri Khalil Abd Al Qadir.
^ The Guardian has written that he was born in 1939; The Times says 1940; the Truman Institute of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem says 1934. Dr. Issam Sartawi told Yossi Melman it was 1936. Melman concludes it was 1937.
^ The organization used different names for attacks on different countries. It called itself Fatah — the Revolutionary Council; the Palestinian National Liberation Movement; Black June; Black September; The Revolutionary Arab Brigades; The Revolutionary Organization of Socialist Muslims; The Egyptian Revolution; Revolutionary Egypt; Al-Asifa (The Storm), a name also used by Fatah; Al-Iqab (The Punishment); and The Arab Nationalist Youth Organization. It is most commonly referred to as the Abu Nidal Organization or Abu Nidal group. (Melman, Yossi 1986, p. 213.)
^ Melman, Yossi. The Master Terrorist: The True Story Behind Abu Nidal, Mama Books, 1986, p. 53.
^
See, for example:
- MacAskill, Ewen & Nelsson, Richard. "Mystery death of Abu Nidal, once the world's most wanted terrorist", The Guardian, August 20, 2002.
- Melman, Yossi. The Master Terrorist: The True Story Behind Abu Nidal, Mama Books, 1986, p. 4.
- Davison, Phil & Nundy, Julian. "Terrorist groups on call to aid Baghdad's global war," The Independent, September 30, 1990.
- McLaughlin, Abraham. "A matter of ethics for cloak-and-dagger set", The Christian Science Monitor, October 5, 2001.
- "Abu Nidal Organization", Council on Foreign Relations, October 2005.
- "Council Decision", Council of the European Union, December 21, 2005.
^ "Abu Nidal Organization" Arkivert 7. februar 2005 hos Wayback Machine., Country Reports on Terrorism, 2004. United States Department of State, 2005.
^ Whitaker, Brian. "Mystery of Abu Nidal's death deepens", The Guardian, August 22, 2002.
^ "Abu Nidal 'found dead'", BBC News, August 19, 2002.

[hash-82136f8a98a4982f31e232ee983777c369136231-1] Gemeinsame Normdatei, besøkt 31. desember 2014^{[Hentet fra Wikidata]}

[2] According to Yossi Melman, there is some disagreement about his name. The Daily Telegraph has written that he was Hasan Sabri al-Banna; the Middle East International has said he was Muhammad Sabri al-Banna. According to Stewart Steven, who has written about the Mossad, he was Sabri Khalil al-Banna or Mazan Sabri al-Banna. The name Khalil comes from his father; it is an Arab tradition that the father's name be added to the son's. Al-Banna means "the builder." (Melman, Yossi. The Master Terrorist: The True Story Behind Abu Nidal, Mama Books, 1986, p. 44-45.) He was also known as Amin al-Sirr and Sabri Khalil Abd Al Qadir.

[3] The Guardian has written that he was born in 1939; The Times says 1940; the Truman Institute of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem says 1934. Dr. Issam Sartawi told Yossi Melman it was 1936. Melman concludes it was 1937.

[4] The organization used different names for attacks on different countries. It called itself Fatah — the Revolutionary Council; the Palestinian National Liberation Movement; Black June; Black September; The Revolutionary Arab Brigades; The Revolutionary Organization of Socialist Muslims; The Egyptian Revolution; Revolutionary Egypt; Al-Asifa (The Storm), a name also used by Fatah; Al-Iqab (The Punishment); and The Arab Nationalist Youth Organization. It is most commonly referred to as the Abu Nidal Organization or Abu Nidal group. (Melman, Yossi 1986, p. 213.)

[Melman53-5] Melman, Yossi. The Master Terrorist: The True Story Behind Abu Nidal, Mama Books, 1986, p. 53.

[6] See, for example:
MacAskill, Ewen & Nelsson, Richard. "Mystery death of Abu Nidal, once the world's most wanted terrorist", The Guardian, August 20, 2002.

Melman, Yossi. The Master Terrorist: The True Story Behind Abu Nidal, Mama Books, 1986, p. 4.

Davison, Phil & Nundy, Julian. "Terrorist groups on call to aid Baghdad's global war," The Independent, September 30, 1990.

McLaughlin, Abraham. "A matter of ethics for cloak-and-dagger set", The Christian Science Monitor, October 5, 2001.

"Abu Nidal Organization", Council on Foreign Relations, October 2005.

"Council Decision", Council of the European Union, December 21, 2005.

[7] MacAskill, Ewen & Nelsson, Richard. "Mystery death of Abu Nidal, once the world's most wanted terrorist", The Guardian, August 20, 2002.

[8] Melman, Yossi. The Master Terrorist: The True Story Behind Abu Nidal, Mama Books, 1986, p. 4.

[9] Davison, Phil & Nundy, Julian. "Terrorist groups on call to aid Baghdad's global war," The Independent, September 30, 1990.

[10] McLaughlin, Abraham. "A matter of ethics for cloak-and-dagger set", The Christian Science Monitor, October 5, 2001.

[11] "Abu Nidal Organization", Council on Foreign Relations, October 2005.

[12] "Council Decision", Council of the European Union, December 21, 2005.

[StateDeptprofile-7] "Abu Nidal Organization" Arkivert 7. februar 2005 hos Wayback Machine., Country Reports on Terrorism, 2004. United States Department of State, 2005.

[Whitaker22-8] Whitaker, Brian. "Mystery of Abu Nidal's death deepens", The Guardian, August 22, 2002.

[BBC19-9] "Abu Nidal 'found dead'", BBC News, August 19, 2002.

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