Isotopen van osmium
Het chemisch element osmium (Os), met een atoommassa van 190,23(3) u, bezit 6 stabiele isotopen: 184Os, 187Os, 188Os, 189Os, 190Os en 192Os, waarvan de laatste het meest abundant is (ongeveer 40,8%). Daarnaast komt in de natuur ook de radio-isotoop 186Os voor, die een halfwaardetijd van 2 biljard jaar bezit. Het is tevens een primordiaal radionuclide. De stabiele isotopen 187Os en 188Os worden gebruikt in de renium-osmiumdatering. De overige 28 radio-isotopen zijn onstabiel en hebben een relatief korte halfwaardetijd (de meeste minder dan een seconde).
De kortstlevende isotoop van osmium is 162Os, met een halfwaardetijd van ongeveer 1,87 milliseconden. De langstlevende is 186Os, met een halfwaardetijd van 2 biljard jaar.
Overzicht
bewerken| Nuclide | Z (p) | N (n) | Isotopische massa (u) | Halveringstijd | Radioactief verval | VP | Kernspin | Isotopische verhouding (molfractie) |
Natuurlijk voorkomen (molfractie) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Excitatie-energie | |||||||||
| 162Os | 76 | 86 | 161,98443(54) | 1,87(18) ms | α | 158W | 0+ | ||
| 163Os | 76 | 87 | 162,98269(43) | 5,5(6) ms | α | 159W | 7/2− | ||
| β+, p (zelden) | 162W | ||||||||
| β+ (rare) | 163Re | ||||||||
| 164Os | 76 | 88 | 163,97804(22) | 21(1) ms | α (98%) | 160W | 0+ | ||
| β+ (2%) | 164Re | ||||||||
| 165Os | 76 | 89 | 164,97676(22) | 71(3) ms | α (60%) | 161W | (7/2−) | ||
| β+ (40%) | 165Re | ||||||||
| 166Os | 76 | 90 | 165,972691(20) | 216(9) ms | α (72%) | 162W | 0+ | ||
| β+ (28%) | 166Re | ||||||||
| 167Os | 76 | 91 | 166,97155(8) | 810(60) ms | α (67%) | 163W | 3/2− | ||
| β+ (33%) | 167Re | ||||||||
| 168Os | 76 | 92 | 167,967804(13) | 2,06(6) s | β+ (51%) | 168Re | 0+ | ||
| α (49%) | 164W | ||||||||
| 169Os | 76 | 93 | 168,967019(27) | 3,40(9) s | β+ (89%) | 169Re | 3/2− | ||
| α (11%) | 165W | ||||||||
| 170Os | 76 | 94 | 169,963577(12) | 7,46(23) s | β+ (91,4%) | 170Re | 0+ | ||
| α (8,6%) | 176W | ||||||||
| 171Os | 76 | 95 | 170,963185(20) | 8,3(2) s | β+ (98,3%) | 171Re | (5/2−) | ||
| α (1,7%) | 167W | ||||||||
| 172Os | 76 | 96 | 171,960023(16) | 19,2(5) s | β+ (98,9%) | 172Re | 0+ | ||
| α (1,1%) | 168W | ||||||||
| 173Os | 76 | 97 | 172,959808(16) | 22,4(9) s | β+ (99,6%) | 173Re | (5/2−) | ||
| α (0,4%) | 169W | ||||||||
| 174Os | 76 | 98 | 173,957062(12) | 44(4) s | β+ (99,97%) | 174Re | 0+ | ||
| α (0,024%) | 170W | ||||||||
| 175Os | 76 | 99 | 174,956946(15) | 1,4(1) min | β+ | 175Re | (5/2−) | ||
| 176Os | 76 | 100 | 175,95481(3) | 3,6(5) min | β+ | 176Re | 0+ | ||
| 177Os | 76 | 101 | 176,954965(17) | 3,0(2) min | β+ | 177Re | 1/2− | ||
| 178Os | 76 | 102 | 177,953251(18) | 5,0(4) min | β+ | 178Re | 0+ | ||
| 179Os | 76 | 103 | 178,953816(19) | 6,5(3) min | β+ | 179Re | (1/2−) | ||
| 180Os | 76 | 104 | 179,952379(22) | 21,5(4) min | β+ | 180Re | 0+ | ||
| 181Os | 76 | 105 | 180,95324(3) | 105(3) min | β+ | 181Re | 1/2− | ||
| 181m1Os | 48,9(2) keV | 2,7(1) min | β+ | 181Re | 7/2− | ||||
| 181m2Os | 156,5(7) keV | 316(18) ns | 9/2+ | ||||||
| 182Os | 76 | 106 | 181,952110(23) | 22,10(25) uur | EV | 182Re | 0+ | ||
| 183Os | 76 | 107 | 182,95313(5) | 13,0(5) uur | β+ | 183Re | 9/2+ | ||
| 183mOs | 170,71(5) keV | 9,9(3) uur | β+ (85%) | 183Re | 1/2− | ||||
| IT (15%) | 183Os | ||||||||
| 184Os | 76 | 108 | 183,9524891(14) | stabiel | 0+ | 2(1) × 10−4 | |||
| 185Os | 76 | 109 | 184,9540423(14) | 93,6(5) dagen | EV | 185Re | 1/2− | ||
| 185m1Os | 102,3(7) keV | 3,0(4) µs | (7/2−) | ||||||
| 185m2Os | 275,7(8) keV | 0,78(5) µs | (11/2+) | ||||||
| 186Os | 76 | 110 | 185,9538382(15) | 2,0(11) × 1015 jaar | α | 182W | 0+ | 0,0159(3) | |
| 187Os | 76 | 111 | 186,9557505(15) | stabiel | 1/2− | 0,0196(2) | |||
| 188Os | 76 | 112 | 187,9558382(15) | stabiel | 0+ | 0,1324(8) | |||
| 189Os | 76 | 113 | 188,9581475(16) | stabiel | 3/2− | 0,1615(5) | |||
| 189mOs | 30,812(15) keV | 5,81(6) uur | IT | 189Os | 9/2− | ||||
| 190Os | 76 | 114 | 189,9584470(16) | stabiel | 0+ | 0,2626(2) | |||
| 190mOs | 1705,4(2) keV | 9,9(1) min | IT | 190Os | 10− | ||||
| 191Os | 76 | 115 | 190,9609297(16) | 15,4(1) dagen | β− | 191Ir | 9/2− | ||
| 191mOs | 74,382(3) keV | 13,10(5) uur | IT | 191Os | 3/2− | ||||
| 192Os | 76 | 116 | 191,9614807(27) | stabiel | 0+ | 0,4078(19) | |||
| 192mOs | 2015,40(11) keV | 5,9(1) s | IT (87%) | 192Os | (10−) | ||||
| β− (13%) | 192Ir | ||||||||
| 193Os | 76 | 117 | 192,9641516(27) | 30,11(1) uur | β− | 193Ir | 3/2− | ||
| 194Os | 76 | 118 | 193,9651821(28) | 6,0(2) jaar | β− | 194Ir | 0+ | ||
| 195Os | 76 | 119 | 194,96813(54) | 6,5 min | β− | 195Ir | 3/2− | ||
| 196Os | 76 | 120 | 195,96964(4) | 34,9(2) min | β− | 196Ir | 0+ | ||
| 197Os | 76 | 121 | 2,8(6) min | ||||||
Overzicht van isotopen per element
bewerken| 1 | 18 | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | H | 2 | Periodiek systeem | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | He | |||||||||
| 2 | Li | Be | De links verwijzen naar isotopen per element | B | C | N | O | F | Ne | |||||||||
| 3 | Na | Mg | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | Al | Si | P | S | Cl | Ar |
| 4 | K | Ca | Sc | Ti | V | Cr | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | Ga | Ge | As | Se | Br | Kr |
| 5 | Rb | Sr | Y | Zr | Nb | Mo | Tc | Ru | Rh | Pd | Ag | Cd | In | Sn | Sb | Te | I | Xe |
| 6 | Cs | Ba | ↓ | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Hg | Tl | Pb | Bi | Po | At | Rn |
| 7 | Fr | Ra | ↓↓ | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Og |
| Lanthaniden | La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | |||
| Actiniden | Ac | Th | Pa | U | Np | Pu | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr | |||
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
- (en) R.B. Firestone, S.Y. Frank Chu & C.M. Baglin (1999) - Table of Isotopes (online versie van de cd-rom)
- (en) G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot & O. Bersillon (2003) - The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties, Nuclear Physics A, 729, pp. 3-128
- (en) J.R. de Laeter, J.K. Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, H. Hidaka, H.S. Peiser, K.J.R. Rosman & P.D.P. Taylor (2003) - Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 75 (6), pp. 683–800
- (en) M.E. Wieser (2006) - Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 78 (11), pp. 2051–2066
- (en) David R. Lide (2004) - CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.), hoofdstuk 11, CRC Press - ISBN 978-0849304859