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on Knowledge Management and Knowledge Economy |
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Issue of 2016‒10‒30
seven papers chosen by Laura Ştefănescu Centrul European de Studii Manageriale în Administrarea Afacerilor |
| By: | Arman Avadikyan; Gilles Lambert; Christophe Lerch |
| Abstract: | We investigate the case of a large scale user oriented research infrastructure, to explicate the repertoire of management strategies that support its organizational ambidexterity. Adopting an ecosystem perspective, our case study unveils, beyond the generic exploitation / exploration tension the multi-level nature of ambidexterity through specific tensions associated to different management levels: (1) responsive versus proactive orientation towards users (2) modular versus architectural technology innovations; (3) competitive versus cooperative orientation towards other organizations. We conclude that ambidexterity is a systemic capability emerging through interactions between nested tensions. Appropriately managing a tension at one level helps to release the innovative energy of tensions at other levels. Synergistic evolution of tensions creates thereby multi-level innovation dynamics. |
| Keywords: | Ambidexterity; technology management; co-opetition; user-producer interaction; research infrastructure. |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulp:sbbeta:2016-44&r=knm |
| By: | Cholez, Celia; Magrini, Marie-Benoit; Galliano, Danielle |
| Abstract: | Changing farming practices to improve crop diversification requires knowledge acquisition and transfer between the actors involved. Drawing on the theory of transaction costs and the knowledge economy, this article analyses the ways in which production contracts between an agri-feed company (the buyer) and storage organisations (suppliers) promote the transfer of technical knowledge needed for growing a minor crop in France. Semi-structured interviews with the company and its suppliers showed that there was a considerable need of technical knowledge for drawing up the contract, and that collectively organising the contract fostered knowledge transfer among actors. |
| Keywords: | supply chain, faba bean, field crops, governance structure, network, transaction costs, Agricultural and Food Policy, Farm Management, |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa149:244775&r=knm |
| By: | Sanchís-Llopis, Juan A.; Sanchís Llopis, M. Teresa; Esteve, Vicente; Cubel Montesinos, Antonio |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the relevance of institutional differences in the way knowledge determines productivity for a set of 21 OECD countries in the second half of the XXth century. The relationship between TFP and knowledge related variables is reconsidered after controlling for a new set of institutional variables tailored to represent the post WWII institutions: the Welfare State and international trade and capital flows liberalization. We estimate the impact of innovation variables over productivity during the Golden Age as compared to the whole period 1953-2007, after controlling by these specific institutional variables. Additionally, we distinguish the particular impact of these relationships for five groups of countries following Amable (2006) classification of different kinds of capitalism. Our results suggest institutions determine the response of TFP to the knowledge variables and that the resulting elasticities are higher during the Golden Age. We find that there are not significant differences between the different groups and the market oriented economies with regard to the elasticity of TFP to the indoor innovation, with the exception of Japan. However, the results suggest that in Anglo-Saxon market oriented economies, international spillovers of technology have a higher impact on TFP. Additionally, in continental and Mediterranean European countries and Japan, TFP is more sensitive to human capital accumulation than in the market-oriented economies (the US and the UK). |
| Keywords: | spillovers; domestic knowledge; institutions; TFP |
| JEL: | O43 O40 O31 |
| Date: | 2016–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cte:whrepe:23799&r=knm |
| By: | Shenglang Yang; |
| Abstract: | Intangible capital has been found to be an increasingly important source of productivity and economic growth. However, its effects on energy intensity have received little attention. Given the importance of reducing energy intensity, this study tests the relationship between sectoral intangible capital and sectoral energy intensity in 40 economies from 1995 to 2007 using data from World Input Output Database (WIOD). It is found that the increase in sectoral intangible capital is associated with the decline in sectoral energy intensity. The results remain robust given various forms of econometric specification (OLS, random effects, fixed effects and system GMM). Compared with previous literature, this study proposes a simple theoretical linkage between sectoral intangible capital and sectoral energy intensity, and for the first time confirms this relationship worldwide. This study also provides policies implications in promoting intangible investment and the knowledge economy. |
| Keywords: | Intangible capital, Energy intensity, Sectoral level, World Input Output Database |
| JEL: | Q40 Q57 O33 O50 |
| Date: | 2016–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:acb:cbeeco:2016-646&r=knm |
| By: | Bharat Diwakar; Gilad Sorek |
| Abstract: | We study the effect of IPR (Intellectual Property Rights) policy on growth, in a closed overlapping-generations economy, which undergoes transitional development phase of human capital accumulation. We show that the growth-maximizing policy is stage-dependent: in the early development phase, during which innovation cost is high relative to worker productivity, weak IPR protection can expedite economic growth and may be necessary to escape long run stagnation. Weaker IPR protection erodes monopolistic deadweight loss and, thereby, increases aggregate output and saving. However, it also shifts investment away from R&D activity towards the formation of physical capital. We show that the former (positive) effect is dominant during the early development phase. However, as human capital is further accumulated, and labor productivity correspondingly increases, economic growth is maximized with stronger IPR protection. |
| Keywords: | Stage-Dependent IPR, OLG, Human Capital, Development and Growth |
| JEL: | O31 O34 |
| Date: | 2016–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:abn:wpaper:auwp2016-11&r=knm |
| By: | Wolfgang Kerber (University of Marburg) |
| Abstract: | The discussion about appropriate legal rules for the digital economy has raised the question of the ownership of non-personal data, e.g. in the context of value networks of firms, smart manufacturing and connected cars. The article analyzes from an economic perspective whether there is a need for a new exclusive IPR on data. It is shown that there are no convincing economic arguments for the in-troduction of such a new IPR, especially due to the lack of an incentive problem for the production and analysis of data. On the contrary, a new IPR on data might lead to considerable problems and dangers for competition and innovation, especially for the digital economy, which depends on the access to a broad variety of data. Therefore problems of access to data might be a much more im-portant policy issue than exclusive property rights on data. |
| Keywords: | Digital economy, data ownership, intellectual property |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mar:magkse:201637&r=knm |
| By: | Costanza Biavaschi (University of Reading); Michal Burzynski (University of Luxembourg); Benjamin Elsner (Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA)); Joël Machado (Fonds National de la Recherche, Luxembourg) |
| Abstract: | High-skilled workers are four times more likely to migrate than low-skilled workers. This skill bias in migration - often called brain drain - has been at the center of a heated debate about the welfare consequences of emigration from developing countries. In this paper, we provide a global perspective on the brain drain by jointly quantifying its impact on the sending and receiving countries. In a calibrated multi-country model, we compare the current world to a counterfactual with the same number of migrants, but those migrants are randomly selected from their country of origin. We find that the skill bias in migration significantly increases welfare in most receiving countries. Moreover, due to a more efficient global allocation of talent, the global welfare effect is positive, albeit some sending countries lose. Overall, our findings suggest that more - not less - high-skilled migration would increase world welfare. |
| Keywords: | migration, brain drain, global welfare |
| JEL: | F22 O15 J61 |
| Date: | 2016–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crm:wpaper:1624&r=knm |