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on Knowledge Management and Knowledge Economy |
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Issue of 2015‒05‒22
nine papers chosen by Laura Ştefănescu Centrul European de Studii Manageriale în Administrarea Afacerilor |
| By: | Mário Alexandre Patrício Martins da Silva (Faculdade de Economia do Porto) |
| Abstract: | We develop a symmetric duopoly model with strategic R&D spillovers where a specific type of innovation, recombinant innovation is introduced. Two major factors of effective knowledge spillovers, the technological learning parameters of the recombinant generation of new knowledge and the absorptive capacity of firms, are assumed to be exogenously determined. However, the third principal factor of the effectiveness of learning from rivals is endogenous: it is assumed that firms have control over the two individual spillover coefficients of the model. It is shown that identical firms operating in the same industry choose the highest level for the two spillover variables under plausible constellations of learning parameters. Furthermore, the realistic set of learning parameters is enlarged in the case where firms are able to commit to knowledge sharing strategies at the outset, thereby increasing the possibility of firms fully disclosing their knowledge in equilibrium. |
| Keywords: | Endogenous spillovers, knowledge sharing, absorptive capacity, recombinant innovation. |
| JEL: | O30 |
| Date: | 2015–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:por:fepwps:561&r=knm |
| By: | Dieter F. Kogler; Jürgen Essletzbichler; David L. Rigby |
| Abstract: | Significant attention has been directed to processes of knowledge production in a spatial context, but little consideration has been given to the type of technological knowledge produced within specific places. In this paper we use patent co-classification data from the European Patent Office (EPO) to measure the distance between all pairs of 629 International Patent Classification (IPC) categories. A multi-dimensional scaling algorithm allows us to visualize these distances in a map of the EU15 knowledge space. We trace the evolution of that space from 1981 to 2005. The patent class distance data are combined with counts of patents by IPC categories to measure the average relatedness (specialization) of knowledge produced within each NUTS2 region. We show that knowledge specialization has increased significantly across EU15 regions over time and we report those regions that have the most specialized and the least specialized knowledge bases. Changes in the average relatedness of regional knowledge cores are decomposed to reveal the contributions of technological entry, exit and selection processes over space and time. In a final section of the paper, technological diversification and abandonment at the NUTS2 level are modeled as a function of proximity to the knowledge core of the region and to knowledge spillovers from neighboring regions that are mediated by social and spatial distance. |
| Keywords: | Evolutionary Economic Geography, Geography of Invention, Technological Change, Technology/Knowledge Space, Patent Data Analysis, Entry/Exit/Selection, Decomposition Analysis |
| JEL: | O33 O52 R12 |
| Date: | 2015–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:egu:wpaper:1515&r=knm |
| By: | Kunihiko Konishi (Graduate School of Economics, Osaka University) |
| Abstract: | This study constructs a variety expansion growth model that integrates basic research to analytically examine its effects on household welfare. In our approach, the research sector consists of applied and basic research components. The former creates blueprints and expands the variety of goods available for consumption, whereas the latter adds to the stock of public knowledge. The two sectors interplay through knowledge spillovers. The analysis reveals two key results. First, the steady-state welfare-maximizing level of basic research is below the steady-state growth-maximizing level. Second, a reduction in the level of basic research raises household welfare if the level of basic research is initially at the steady-state welfare-maximizing level. |
| Keywords: | Basic research, Innovation, Endogenous growth, Welfare analysis |
| JEL: | H41 O31 O41 |
| Date: | 2015–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osk:wpaper:1508&r=knm |
| By: | Elzbieta Pohulak-Zoledowska (Wroclaw University of Economics) |
| Abstract: | The hereby article discusses the issues related to the existing or required support given by the State to enterprises in order to provide them conditions to innovate. Neoclassical economy puts an emphasis to the price mechanism as a decision making effective tool, but enterprises meet many barriers in creating and introducing innovation, like high cost, high risk or lack of demand for innovation. These phenomena tend to inhibit innovation of enterprises. This means that market is not an efficient mechanism for innovation activity of enterprises, and its imperfections provoke State’s intervention. The goal of the article is to shape the objectives of State’s impact on decisions of innovative enterprises. Research method is the critical literature review and public data on State’s support on business R&D analysis. The research results show State’s support for both – incremental and radical innovation, which proves that innovative activity of enterprises is far from being a spontaneous, market-based process. |
| Keywords: | innovation, knowledge, market economies, the state |
| JEL: | H53 O12 O32 O38 |
| Date: | 2015–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pes:wpaper:2015:no139&r=knm |
| By: | Piotr Adamczewski (Poznan School of Banking) |
| Abstract: | Business network made of long termed formal and informal relations that appear between two or more entities. Organizations are changing, or are capable of changing profoundly in the information society. Network organizations are the abilities: to adapt to changing situations, to influence and shape their environment if necessary, to find a new milieu or reconfigure the business processes. Increasing requirements for extended enterprises have stimulated the integration of knowledge management function into ERP/BI systems for knowledge asset management. This paper discusses how to deploy ERP/BI concurrently in the framework of enterprise information systems. |
| Keywords: | ERP, functional structure, ICT, intelligent organization, network organization |
| JEL: | D83 M15 M21 |
| Date: | 2015–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pes:wpaper:2015:no147&r=knm |
| By: | ?arina Fedotova (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation); Olga Loseva (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation); Olga Kontorovich (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation) |
| Abstract: | The article views the structure of an organization’s intellectual human capital, which integrates both employees’ intellectual, professional and personal abilities to perform innovation activity and their results achieved in the process of this activity. The authors prove the role of intellectual human capital in improving an organization’s innovation activity. Basing on the cost, income, expert and psychological approaches, the article develops the intellectual capital monetary valuation model focused on an increase in the objectivity of measuring its value by means of the individual intellectual and performance report. The application of this model is aimed at activating the innovative development of social and economic entities by increasing the quality and efficiency of intellectual human capital. |
| Keywords: | intellectual human capital, value, valuation, innovation activity |
| JEL: | O31 J33 |
| Date: | 2015–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pes:wpaper:2015:no134&r=knm |
| By: | Janaina Pamplona da Costa (State University of Campinas, Department of Science and Technology Policy) |
| Abstract: | This article addresses network alignment through an investigation of network governance (coordination) and structure, and examines how regional level network governance and structure influence the effectiveness of technology policy to improve local firms’ innovativeness in a developing country context. It examines whether network governance and structure have a consistent influence on firms’ innovative performance in developing country regions with different levels of socio-economic development. The empirical evidence is based on case studies of the Campinas and Recife regional software networks in Brazil and the innovative performance of the participating local firms. We find that adoption of a general technology policy prescription and formation of networks to improve firm-level innovation and regional catch-up should involve careful consideration of the intended effects: membership of a network may not be a necessary condition for improved innovation at firm level. |
| Keywords: | network alignment; network governance; Brazilian software industry; innovation networks; technology policy effectiveness; regional development |
| Date: | 2015–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sru:ssewps:2015-14&r=knm |
| By: | Tavassoli, Sam (CIRCLE, Lund University and Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona); Karlsson, Charlie (Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona; Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies (CESIS), KTH, Stockholm and Jönköping International Business School, Jönköping) |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes the persistency in innovation behavior of firms. Using five waves of the Community Innovation Survey in Sweden, we have traced the innovative behavior of firms over a ten-year period, i.e. between 2002 and 2012. We distinguish between four types of innovations: process, product, marketing, and organizational innovations. First, using Transition Probability Matrix, we found evidence of (unconditional) state dependence in all types of innovation, with product innovators having the strongest persistent behavior. Second, using a dynamic probit model, we found evidence of “true” state dependency among all types of innovations, except marketing innovators. Once again, the strongest persistency was found for product innovators. |
| Keywords: | Persistence; innovation; product innovations; process innovations; market innovations; organizational innovations; state dependence; heterogeneity; firms; Community Innovation Survey |
| JEL: | D22 L20 O31 O32 |
| Date: | 2015–05–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:lucirc:2015_019&r=knm |
| By: | DIMITRA KONSTANTINIDOU (UNIVERSITY OF MACEDONIA Research Commitee); ANASTASIA PAMPOURI (UNIVERSITY OF MACEDONIA) |
| Abstract: | European Union, recognizing the value of lifelong learning and its importance for the development of “the economy of knowledge”, adopted a series of texts through which six tools and principals were proposed to promote transparency of qualifications and mobility of European citizens for education, training and work. Three of these are being investigated in this paper, in relation to Higher Education: the European Qualifications Framework, Europass with five individual documents and lifelong Counseling and Career Guidance. The paper also examines EU's policy for the creation of the European Higher Education Area, aiming at the development of partnerships, the quality of education, and the encouragement of European citizens’ mobility and transparency of qualifications.The results of our survey showed that the National Qualifications Framework has not been fully legislated yet and it is at the final stages of preparation for implementation in Greece. As far as Europass is concerned, its use is proposed by some Career Offices. Although, its main use for working or studying and training is widely accepted abroad, in Greece Europass is not so much recognizable. In Counseling, the most popular services of Career Offices are the provision of advice to undergraduate and graduate students and to masters’ graduates. A problem that has been recorded is that Carrier Offices have resource problems, mainly lack in finance and personnel. Although Career Offices offer quite important services for students’ and graduates’ smooth transition from Higher Education to the labor market, their work is not adequately recorded. |
| Keywords: | European Qualifications Framework, Europass, Counseling, Career guidance, Higher Education Institutions, European policies, Lifelong learning, Bologna process |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:1003655&r=knm |