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on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Guo, Liwen (University of New South Wales); Cheng, Zhiming (University of New South Wales); Tani, Massimiliano (University of New South Wales); Cook, Sarah (University of Nottingham) |
| Abstract: | With air pollution remaining a significant problem in many regions globally, an increasing number of environmentally conscious entrepreneurs have been taking initiatives to combat this issue, accompanied by a growing environmental awareness among the general public. To test the strength of this relationship, we use individual-level information from an enterprise survey in China in 2018 and conducted instrumental variable analyses to study the impact of air pollution on the green innovation behaviours of non-agricultural entrepreneurs. The results indicate that, on average, a one standard deviation increase in PM2.5 concentration is associated with a 4.3 percentage points increase in green innovation (or a 11.9 percentage points increase in green innovation intensity). Entrepreneurs' gambling preferences could potentially mediate the relationship between air pollution and green innovation, while expected firm income and actual firm income may act as suppressors. Specifically, entrepreneurs who launch their businesses following the implementation of environmental policies are more likely to adopt green innovation practices. This study provides insight into why there is a growing trend of environmentally-conscious entrepreneurs in regions with high levels of air pollution. |
| Keywords: | green innovation, air pollution, China |
| JEL: | J01 Q53 Q55 |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16321&r=env |
| By: | Dembele, Moctar; Salvadore, E.; Zwart, Sander; Ceperley, N.; Mariethoz, G.; Schaefli, B. |
| Keywords: | Water accounting; Climate change; Transboundary waters; River basins; Models |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:conppr:h051890&r=env |
| By: | Geden, Oliver; Knopf, Brigitte; Schenuit, Felix |
| Abstract: | Following the conclusion of the 'Fit for 55' package, European Union (EU) climate policy will enter its next phase. One of the most important decisions will be how to set the economy-wide emissions reduction target for 2040, which will form the starting point for the next round of revisions of all EU climate policy legislation. The European Climate Law stipulates that the European Commission shall propose a 2040 target that is based, among other things, on a "projected indicative Union greenhouse gas budget for the 2030-2050 period", informed by a report of the newly established European Scientific Advisory Board on Climate Change. While cumulating emissions resulting from different future trajectories can help to assess ambition levels, strictly deriving a 'science-based' EU emissions budget from the global carbon budget has several pitfalls. The debate on the design of EU climate policy after 2030 should not put too much focus on the 'appropriate' target for 2040 but on how to further develop the governance architecture, strengthen policy instruments, and bolster public support. |
| Keywords: | EU emissions budget approach, EU climate policy, "Fit for 55" package, European Scientific Advisory Board on Climate Change, Paris Agreement, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpcom:342023&r=env |
| By: | Timothée Fouqueray (ESE - Ecologie Systématique et Evolution - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Julie Latune (ESE - Ecologie Systématique et Evolution - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Michel Trommetter (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Nathalie Frascaria-Lacoste (ESE - Ecologie Systématique et Evolution - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | The adaptive capacity of forests and foresters to overcome the adverse effects of climate change remains highly uncertain despite intense research efforts. While foresters are often invited "not to put all their eggs in one basket, " adaptation strategies to climate change mostly depend on silvicultural diversification. To explore how socioeconomic adaptive tools can complement these technical evolutions in forestry, we designed an interdisciplinary and participatory simulation of forest management combining a role-playing game, ecological models of forest evolution, and a severe climate change scenario. Participants from French natural parks and forest organizations responded positively to its multiple applications. Here, we investigate the technical and timber-focused framing of climate change by forest managers. We also analyze participants' negotiations when attempting to change the simulation rules of forest management. Drawing on this experience, we highlight how establishing a payment system for ecosystem services can reduce financial imbalance driven by climate change. |
| Keywords: | Participatory simulation, Interdisciplinary, Forest management, Adaptation, Climate change, Social-ecological |
| Date: | 2022–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03637823&r=env |
| By: | Stephen K. Dimnwobi (Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria); Kingsley I. Okere (Gregory University, Uturu, Nigeria); Bernard C. Azolibe (Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria); Kingsley C. Onyenwife (Igbariam, Nigeria) |
| Abstract: | The combination of rising debt levels, poor electricity access, and environmental deterioration could threaten the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Hence, this inquiry examined the implications of public borrowing and access to electricity on environmental sustainability (proxied by ecological footprint (ECOL) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions) in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), largely overlooked in the literature. In addition to pre-estimation, diagnostic and robustness checks utilized in the study, the instrumental variable generalized method of moment (IV-GMM) approach is employed to examine annual data from 39 SSA economies between 2005 and 2018. The key findings indicate that public debt negatively influences environmental sustainability in the region, while access to electricity exerts a positive and significant impact on environmental sustainability. The study provides recommendations for SSA policymakers to significantly reduce pollution and protect the environment which is vital for sustainable development. |
| Keywords: | Environmental sustainability, SSA, Public debt, Electricity access, Ecological Footprint, Carbon Emission |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:agd:wpaper:23/043&r=env |
| By: | Philippe Loyson (VU Amsterdam); Rianne Luijendijk (DNB); Sweder van Wijnbergen (University of Amsterdam) |
| Abstract: | We assess whether climate transition risk is priced in Europe’s equity market by analysing relative equity returns of high versus low CO2-emitting firms. We use a panel data set covering firm-specific carbon emissions of 1, 555 European companies over the period 2005-2019. We add to the existing literature by addressing problems in carbon data and by using various econometric methods ranging from panel data analysis to the SCM. Fama-French style panel regressions at both the individual firm level as well as portfolio level suggest that carbon intensity is negatively related to stock returns. Treatment effect models, however, provide some evidence for increased pricing of climate transition risk after the Paris Agreement. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Carbon Emissions Intensity, Paris Agreement, Transition Risk Premia. |
| JEL: | G12 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–07–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tin:wpaper:20230042&r=env |
| By: | Döttling, Robin; Rola-Janicka, Magdalena |
| Abstract: | We analyze jointly optimal carbon pricing and financial policies under financial constraints and endogenous climate-related transition and physical risks. The socially optimal emissions tax may be above or below a Pigouvian benchmark, depending on whether physical climate risks have a substantial impact on collateral values. We derive necessary conditions for emissions taxes alone to implement a constrained-efficient allocation, and show a cap-and-trade system or green subsidies may dominate emissions taxes because they can be designed to have a less adverse effect on financial constraints. Additionally introducing leverage regulation can be welfare-improving if environmental policies have a direct negative effect on financial constraints. Furthermore, our analysis highlights the positive effect of carbon price hedging markets on equilibrium environmental policies. |
| Date: | 2023–05–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:ds7bx&r=env |
| By: | Rickels, Wilfried; Meier, Felix; Quaas, Martin |
| Abstract: | Past CO 2 emissions have been causing social costs and continue to reduce wealth in the future. Countries differ considerably in their amounts and time profiles of past CO 2 emissions. Here we calibrate an integrated assessment model on past economic and climate development to estimate the historical time series of social costs of carbon and to assess how much individual countries have reduced global wealth by their fossil and industrial-process CO 2 emissions from 1950 to 2018. Historical social costs of carbon quantify the long-lasting wealth reduction by past CO 2 emissions, which we term ‘climate wealth borrowing’, as economic output has been generated at the expense of future climate damages. We find that the United States and China have been responsible for the largest shares of global climate wealth borrowing since 1950, while the per-capita pattern is quite different. |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifwkie:273658&r=env |
| By: | Philippe Loyson; Rianne Luijendijk; Sweder van Wijnbergen |
| Abstract: | We assess whether climate transition risk is priced in Europe’s equity market by analysing relative equity returns of high versus low CO2-emitting firms. We use a panel data set covering firmspecific carbon emissions of 1555 European companies over the period 2005-2019. We add to the existing literature by addressing problems in carbon data and by using various econometric methods ranging from panel data analysis to synthetic control methods. Fama-French style panel regressions at both the individual firm level as well as portfolio level suggest that carbon intensity is negatively related to stock returns. Treatment effect models, however, provide some evidence for increased pricing of climate transition risk after the Paris Agreement. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change; Carbon Emissions Intensity; Paris Agreement; Transition Risk Premia |
| JEL: | G12 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dnb:dnbwpp:788&r=env |
| By: | Geir B. Asheim; Rintaro Yamaguchi |
| Abstract: | We consider the question of how to integrate carbon emissions in comprehensive national accounts for the purpose of indicating whether countries’ development is sustainable. We derive an expression for national saving which includes not only the national effect of current global emissions, but also the future expected paths of emissions nationally and in the rest of the world. We illustrate how the use of our expression for national saving alters the empirical conclusions concerning the sustainability of countries, as compared to the World Bank estimates. Our calculations account for the fact that future prospects of developing countries are more affected by the global carbon emissions than they themselves affect others by their own low per capita emissions. They are thus deemed less sustainable when using our indicator. This information suggests shifting the burden of climate policies away from such countries. |
| Keywords: | climate change, comprehensive national accounting, carbon emissions |
| JEL: | C43 D63 O47 Q01 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_10562&r=env |
| By: | Guo, Liwen (University of New South Wales); Cheng, Zhiming (University of New South Wales); Tani, Massimiliano (University of New South Wales); Cook, Sarah (University of Nottingham) |
| Abstract: | Utilizing a nationally representative panel data of middle-aged and elder individuals from China, we assess the health impact of environmental policies, with special attention paid to gender disparities within their effects. This study utilizes thermal inversions to address the endogeneity of air pollution and constructs a fixed effects model. Our findings highlight that the negative impact of air pollution on female health is significant, particularly for females in the middle of the health distribution. Notably, the implementation of environmental policies leads to health improvements in females and plays a key role in bridging the health gap between genders. These findings provide compelling evidence of the importance of environmental policy in promoting health equity. |
| Keywords: | environmental policy, gender health gap, China |
| JEL: | C21 I14 J71 Q53 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16320&r=env |
| By: | Blaber, Richard Michael |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the issue of forecast global energy demand to 2045, on the basis of the expected growth in the global economy, and the consequent demand in that year for fossil fuels, on the basis of the percentage of energy demand being met by them at that time, assuming growth in the supply of renewable energy between now and then, and calculates the amount of carbon dioxide that will be added to the atmosphere by the burning of those fossil fuels in 2045, showing that they render any hope of keeping global warming below the Paris Agreement target of 2°C utterly impossible. |
| Date: | 2023–07–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:j5pe6&r=env |
| By: | Kim, Gyupan (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Kang, Gusang (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Choi, Wonseok (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Oh, Taehyun (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Lee, Hyun Jean (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Oh , Jonghyuk (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Lee, Jungeun (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)) |
| Abstract: | 본 연구는 EU, 미국, 중국, 일본 등 세계 주요국 및 주요 지역의 그린성장전략을 개관하고, 핵심정책이라 할 수 있는 에너지전환(재생에너지·차세대 원자력 및 수소에너지), 녹색금융, 탄소가격제에 대한 주요국의 정책 및 제도 운용을 분석하였다. 분석결과를 바탕으로 에너지전환과 녹색금융, 탄소가격제 등 주요국과의 분야별 협력방향과 더불어 우리나라의 제도 운용 개선방향을 제시하였다. This research analyzes the green growth strategies in major countries and regions including the EU, the US, China, and Japan with a focus on key policies such as energy transition(renewable energy, next-generation nuclear power, and hydrogen energy), green finance, and carbon pricing. This study begins by providing an overview of the major policy areas of green growth strategy in each major countries/region. Chapter 2, titled, “Green Growth Strategies in Major Countries: A General Overview” covers this topic. In Chapter 3, titled “Energy Transition (1): Renewable Energy and Next-generation Nuclear Power, ” examines renewable energy policies and the development of next-generation nuclear technology in major countries. It discusses topics such as the European Commission’s Renewable Energy Directive(RED), Japan’s introduction of the Feed-in Premium(FIP) system through the revision of the Renewable Energy Special Measures Act (April 2022), major renewable energy policies and the state and local government-led renewable energy storage projects in the US, and the operation of the Feed-in-Tariff(FIT) system in China. The research also explores the technology and policies of the next generation nuclear energy, with a focus on the development of Small Modular Reactors(SMR). Chapter 4, titled “Energy Transition (2): Hydrogen Energy, ” delves into the hydrogen strategies of the EU, Germany, Japan, and China. It provides an overview of the hydrogen demonstration project known as “Mission Innovation(MI), ” a group composed of government agencies from 22 major countries. The research also analyzes major countries’ international competitiveness in hydrogen technology by classifying hydrogen technologies into four types(gray hydrogen, blue hydrogen, turquoise hydrogen, and green hydrogen) and comparing the dependency and technological influence of each hydrogen technology based on a newly constructed index of backward and forward citations for patents from each country and institution.(the rest omitted) |
| Keywords: | Focusing on economic growth; environmental policies; carbon neutrality and green growth strategies of major countries; EU; USA; China; and Japan |
| Date: | 2022–12–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kieppa:2022_007&r=env |
| By: | Stewart, Susan |
| Abstract: | Climate policy in the European Union (EU) and Germany changed significantly with the adoption of net-zero emissions targets. A key new development is the growing importance of carbon management. The umbrella term includes not only the capture and storage of CO2 (carbon capture and storage, CCS), but also CO2 capture and utilisation (carbon capture and utilisation, CCU) as well as the removal of CO2 from the atmosphere (carbon dioxide removal, CDR). It is important to provide clarity when differentiating between these approaches and identifying their relation to so-called residual emissions and hard-to-abate emissions. This is particularly important because it will determine the overall ambition of climate policy as well as shape future policy designs and their distributional impacts. Current policy and legislative processes should ensure that carbon management does not delay the phase-out of fossil fuels. New policy initiatives present an opportunity to actively shape the interface between ambitious climate and industrial policy.The "Zeitenwende" in international politics implies a need to improve strategic thinking and better prepare for future challenges. Germany is already doing so by drafting strategic documents on national security and relations with China. With respect to Russia, a similar approach suggests itself. First, because Russia's aggression against Ukraine has significantly worsened the situation in Europe and beyond for the foreseeable future. Second, because the conception of a Russia policy based on the principles declared since 2022 offers an opportunity to correct previous mistakes and transform measures that have emerged from a crisis situation into long-term policy. |
| Keywords: | "Zeitenwende", Germany's Russia policy, NATO, Ukraine, European Union (EU), USA, China, "Expanding Cooperation with Civil Society in the Eastern Partnership Countries and Russia" (ÖPR), energy policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpcom:302023&r=env |
| By: | Stacia Stetkiewicz (Lancaster University, UON - University of Nottingham, UK); Jonathan Menary (Lancaster University, University of Oxford); Abhishek Nair (WUR - Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen]); Mariana Rufino (Lancaster University); Arnout R.H. Fischer (WUR - Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen]); Marc Cornelissen (BASF Innovat Ctr Gent, Ghent, Belgium); Remi Duchesne (Acta - Les instituts techniques agricoles); Adrien Guichaoua (Acta - Les instituts techniques agricoles); Petra Jorasch (Euroseeds, Brussels); Stephane Lemarié (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Amrit Nanda (Plants FutureEuropean Technol Platform, Brussels); Ralf Wilhelm (JKI - Julius Kühn-Institut); Jessica A.C. Davies (Lancaster University) |
| Abstract: | Crop breeding is one of the main tools which can assist in future-proofing food systems for more sustainable outcomes. In order to ensure priorities are aligned with the needs and wants of food system actors, it is essential to engage with key stakeholders to understand preferences on plant breeding solutions. This study presents results from a series of online focus groups conducted with agricultural production related stakeholders (i.e. farmers and farmer representatives, policymakers and NGOs) regarding the potential for crop improvement to future-proof European food systems. Stakeholders shared concern around climate change and environmental impacts (particularly drought and heat stress), and general agreement about the need to develop resilient crops which combine multiple positive attributes, while reducing trade-offs and negative externalities. Stakeholders also prioritized plant breeding solutions for areas where they felt they had little agency, and existing alternative solutions, such as improving input use efficiency, or altering diets to be considered where these are available. This highlights the need for the crop breeding community to focus its attentions on the 'most hard to fix' issues, where in-field measures are currently not offering viable solutions, to maximize acceptance and adoption by agricultural production stakeholders. It also highlights that consideration of trade-offs, within plant and within a broader agri-food context, must be integrated into crop breeding research and development, with trade-off analysis an explicit component of breeding research. Understanding broader agri-food system knock-on effects of plant innovation is a non-trivial challenge requiring interdisciplinary research and close partnerships with food system stakeholders. |
| Keywords: | Focus groups, Plant breeding, Stakeholder engagement, Sustainable food systems |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04047917&r=env |
| By: | Juan, Aranzazu de; Poncela, Maria Pilar; Ruiz Ortega, Esther |
| Abstract: | Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, largely by-products of energy consumption, account for the largest share of greenhouse gases (GHG). The addition of GHG to the atmosphere disturbs the earth's radiative balance, leading to an increase in the earth's surface temperature and to related effects on climate, sea level rise, ocean acidification and world agriculture, among other effects. Forecasting and designing policies to curb CO2 emissions globally is gaining interest. In this paper, we look at the relationship between CO2 emissions and economic activity using Spanish data from 1964 to 2020. We consider a structural (contemporaneous) equation between selected indicators of economic activity and CO2 emissions, that we further augment with dynamic common factors extracted from a large macroeconomic database. We show that the way the common factors are extracted is crucial to exploit their information content. In particular, when using standard methods to extract the common factors from large data sets, once private consumption and maritime transportation are considered, the information contained in the macroeconomic data set has only negligible explanatory power for emissions. However, if we extract the common factors oriented towards CO2 emissions, they add valuable information not contained in the individual economic indicators. |
| Keywords: | Co2 Emissions; Dynamic Factor Models; Macroeconomic Activity; Oriented Factors; Time Series; Variable Selection |
| Date: | 2023–07–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cte:wsrepe:37975&r=env |
| By: | Nora Pankratz; Christoph M. Schiller |
| Abstract: | This paper examines how physical climate risks affect firms' financial performance and operational risk management in global supply-chains. We document that weather shocks at supplier locations reduce the operating performance of suppliers and their customers. Further, customers respond to perceived changes in suppliers' climate-risk exposure: When realized shocks exceed ex-ante expectations, customers are 6-11% more likely to terminate existing supplier-relationships. Consistent with models of experience-based learning, this effect increases with signal strength and repetition, is insensitive to long-term climate projections, and increases with industry competitiveness and decreases with supply-chain integration. Customers subsequently choose replacement suppliers with lower expected climate-risk exposure. |
| Keywords: | adaptation; production networks; firm performance; climate change |
| JEL: | F64 G15 G30 Q54 |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedgfe:2022-56&r=env |
| By: | Bacchetta, Marc; Bekkers, Eddy; Solleder, Jean-Marc; Tresa, Enxhi |
| Abstract: | We combine econometric estimation with quantitative modelling to generate projections on the trade, GDP, and emissions effects of a potential trade liberalization agreement in energy related environmental goods (EREGs) and environmentally preferable products (EPPs). Trade liberalization can contribute to reduced emissions in two ways in our projections: (i) a reduction of import prices of goods promoting energy efficiency; (ii) a reduction in the costs of intermediate and capital goods used in the production of electricity from renewable sources. We evaluate four scenarios combining reductions in tariffs and non-tariff measures (NTMs) of EREGs and EPPs. Using simulations with the WTO Global Trade Model findings show (i) an increase in exports of EREGs and EPPs both at the global level and in most regions; (ii) a modest increase in GDP in all regions because of falling tariffs, NTMs, and increased energy efficiency; (iii) a modest reduction in global emissions of about 0.6%. The dominant channel is energy efficiency whereas the costs of EREGs as intermediates in renewable energy production play a minor role, with or without end use control. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Goods (EGs), Trade Liberalization, Emissions, Energy efficiency |
| JEL: | F14 F13 F17 F18 Q56 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:wtowps:ersd202305&r=env |
| By: | Linsenmeier, Manuel |
| Abstract: | This study examines the effects of temperature variability on long-run economic development. To identify causal effects, a novel econometric strategy is employed, based on spatial first-differences. Economic activity is proxied by satellite data on nightlights. Drawing on climate science, the study distinguishes between temperature variability on three time scales: day-to-day, seasonal, and interannual variability. The results indicate that day-to-day temperature variability has a statistically significant, negative effect on economic activity, while seasonal variability has a smaller but also negative effect. The effect of interannual variability is positive at low temperatures, but negative at high temperatures. Furthermore, the results suggest that daily temperature levels have a non-linear effect on economic activity with an optimal temperature around 15 degrees Celsius. However, most of the estimated effects of variability cannot be explained with this non-linearity and instead seem to be due to larger uncertainty about future temperature realisations. The empirical effects can be found in both urban and rural areas, and they cannot be explained by the distribution of agriculture. The results indicate that projected changes of temperature variability might add to the costs of anthropogenic climate change especially in relatively warm and currently relatively poor regions. |
| Keywords: | climate; temperature; nightlights; day-to-day variability; seasonal variability; interannual variability; 2300776; UKRI fund |
| JEL: | Q54 Q56 R11 R12 R14 O13 |
| Date: | 2023–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:119485&r=env |
| By: | Andreas Kammerlander (Department of International Economic Policy, University of Freiburg) |
| Abstract: | I examine the association between nighttime light luminosity and ten pollution measures (CO2, CO, NOx, SO2, NMVOC, NH3, BC, OC, PM10 and PM2.5) across dierent political regimes at a local level. Although the eects of the political system and economic growth on pollution have been widely analyzed at the country level, this is the rst study to do so at the grid level. The empirical analysis yields three major insights. First, economic growth is positively associated with a wide array of dierent pollution measures. Second, there are signicant dierences in the association between economic growth and air pollution across dierent political regimes. For example, the association between nighttime light luminosity and air pollution is strictly positive for autocracies. The association between nighttime luminosity and air pollution is substantially smaller but still positive for democracies. Furthermore, among democracies the relationship between nighttime light luminosity and air pollution is concave for nine out of ten pollutants; among autocracies, the relationship is either convex (ve out of ten pollutants) or the squared term is insignicant. Third, the dierences among political regimes is driven chiey by pollution emissions in the industry, energy, and transport sectors; there is no dierence between autocracies and democracies in terms of the eect of growth on emissions in the agricultural and residential sectors. |
| Keywords: | local economic growth, air pollution, nighttime lights, geo-data |
| JEL: | O18 Q53 |
| Date: | 2022–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fre:wpaper:43&r=env |
| By: | Pessoa, Joao Paulo; Santos, Roberto Amaral; Chimeli, Ariaster |
| Abstract: | Policies to adopt cleaner fuels have become increasingly important, but their impacts on incumbent fuel prices and resulting greenhouse gas emissions are unclear. We use a panel dataset on weekly prices at the gas station level in a large Brazilian state to study how the growth of natural gas, a cheaper and less carbon-intensive alternative to traditional fuels, affected retail prices and profit margins of gasoline and ethanol. Applying an IV strategy, we estimate that prices and margins have fallen. The intensified competition in the fuel market boosted fuel demand, leading to higher emissions of GHGs and other pollutants. |
| Date: | 2023–07–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:7tvgy&r=env |
| By: | Kurniawati (Faculty of Economic and Business, Trisakti University, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Debbi Andalia Author-2-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economic and Business, Trisakti University, Indonesia Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | " Objective - Modest fashion growth rapidly while it was reported that world textile fibre production is dominated by non-biodegradable fossil fibres (e.g.: polyester). In this situation, viscose rayon presents as an alternative to substitute non-biodegradable textile fibres, because it primarily produced from wood, having natural characteristic, and biodegradable. In contrast, the nature of viscose rayon manufacturing steps involves significant amount of chemicals and utilities, which is also high risk to environment. This qualitative research aims to examine the sustainability practices in first largest viscose rayon and yarn producers in Indonesia as well as their customers response and find out the organization's contribution to green textile manufacturing. Methodology – content analysis Findings – This study found that the producers implement the sustainability practices in the field of textile, apparel and fashion industry. Positive response from their customers also found toward the implementation of sustainability practices, including green purchase intention. Novelty – Some implication found for first largest integrated viscose rayon and yarn producers in Indonesia in order to enhance their strategy and contributed to sustainable textile practices globally. Furthermore, some recommendations are given to relevant party to support viscose rayon and yarn sustainable practices while at the same time contribute to ISO 26000 and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Type of Paper - Empirical" |
| Keywords: | Content Analysis; Manufacture; Sustainable Practices; Textile, Apparel And Fashion; Viscose Rayon And Yarn. |
| JEL: | L23 L73 Q01 Q53 |
| Date: | 2023–07–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jfbr210&r=env |
| By: | Amaral-Santos, Roberto (University of California at Santa Barbara); Chimeli, Ariaster (Departamento de Economia, Universidade de São Paulo); Pessoa, João Paulo (FGV-Sao Paulo School of Economics and Centre for Economic Performance) |
| Abstract: | Policies to adopt cleaner fuels have become increasingly important, but their impacts on incumbent fuel prices and resulting greenhouse gas emissions are unclear. We use a panel dataset on weekly prices at the gas station level in a large Brazilian state to study how the growth of natural gas, a cheaper and less carbon-intensive alternative to traditional fuels, affected retail prices and profit margins of gasoline and ethanol. Applying an IV strategy, we estimate that prices and margins have fallen. The intensified competition in the fuel market boosted fuel demand, leading to higher emissions of GHGs and other pollutants. |
| Keywords: | Gasoline; Ethanol; Price Competition; Emissions; Brazil |
| JEL: | L11 L13 Q31 Q41 Q42 Q48 Q53 Q55 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023–08–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:nereus:2023_007&r=env |
| By: | Paul Rouveyrol (PatriNat - Patrimoine naturel - MNHN - Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - OFB - Office français de la biodiversité); Maya Leroy (AgroParisTech, MRM - Montpellier Research in Management - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - UM - Université de Montpellier); Isabelle Witté (PatriNat - Patrimoine naturel - MNHN - Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - OFB - Office français de la biodiversité) |
| Abstract: | Through the Natura 2000 policy, EU member states are committed to maintaining or restoring the favourable conservation status of a list of habitats and species throughout their territory. We show here that evaluating the effectiveness of this policy regarding its assigned objectives requires translating these objectives into normative reference and then describing the constraints on habitats and species that the policy seeks to conserve. We propose a strategic evaluation framework based on this principle, applied at the level of the Metropolitan French territory, by relying on the exploitation of several data sets, whose are generally not mobilised by the standard evaluation procedure. The results are broken down by natural ecosystems and biogeographical regions, providing a dashboard for the policy that is the basis for a comprehensive strategic evaluation. |
| Keywords: | Strategic evaluation, Environmental management, Policy evaluation, Spatial planning, Natura 2000 |
| Date: | 2022–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04149863&r=env |
| By: | Juliette Huguet (SayFood - Paris-Saclay Food and Bioproduct Engineering - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Christophe Chassard (UMRF - Unité Mixte de Recherche sur le Fromage - VAS - VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne); René Lavigne (UMRF - Unité Mixte de Recherche sur le Fromage - VAS - VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne); Françoise Irlinger (SayFood - Paris-Saclay Food and Bioproduct Engineering - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Isabelle Souchon (SQPOV - Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale - AU - Avignon Université - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Stephan Marette (UMR PSAE - Paris-Saclay Applied Economics - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Anne Saint-Eve (SayFood - Paris-Saclay Food and Bioproduct Engineering - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Caroline Pénicaud (SayFood - Paris-Saclay Food and Bioproduct Engineering - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | In the food industry, there is currently a great deal of interest in the development of plant-based alternatives to dairy products. However, little is known about the ways in which differences in formulation and/or processing affect the potential environmental benefits of such products. In this study, we investigated the environmental performance of four new fermented products created using different mixtures of plant- (pea) and animal- (cow milk) derived protein sources and prepared using a cheese-technology process (Camembert production). Life cycle assessments (LCAs) were performed that included all steps from the agricultural production of ingredients to the generation of the final ready-to-eat product. The goals were to identify the hotspots of this production system and to compare the different products to each other as well as to other common fermented or legume-based products (Camembert, tofu, hummus). The LCA results revealed that the two main hotspots for the mixed products were milk production (when used) and the ripening stage. All four products were similar with respect to the environmental impacts related to processing. Instead, with regard to the impacts of agricultural production, the products made with a higher proportion of pea protein were superior, providing clear evidence of the potential environmental benefit of pea-milk fermented foods. Overall, though, the mixed products did not present any environmental benefit compared to Camembert, hummus, and tofu due to the complex and energy-intensive nature of the manufacturing process. It is therefore critical that these processing steps be simplified and optimized in order to realize the environmental potential of such pea-based products. |
| Keywords: | Legumes, Dairy products, Life cycle assessment (LCA), Fermentation, Sustainable diets, Sustainable proteins |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04132788&r=env |
| By: | Lutz Sager |
| Abstract: | Air pollution generates substantial health damages and economic costs worldwide. Pollution exposure varies greatly, both between countries and within them. However, the degree of air quality inequality and its' trajectory over time have not been quantified at a global level. Here I use economic inequality indices to measure global inequality in exposure to ambient fine particles with 2.5 microns or less in diameter (PM2.5). I find high and rising levels of global air quality inequality. The global PM2.5 Gini Index increased from 0.32 in 2000 to 0.36 in 2020, exceeding levels of income inequality in many countries. Air quality inequality is mostly driven by differences between countries and less so by variation within them, as decomposition analysis shows. A large share of people facing the highest levels of PM2.5 exposure are concentrated in only a few countries. The findings suggest that research and policy efforts that focus only on differences within countries are overlooking an important global dimension of environmental justice. |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2307.15669&r=env |
| By: | Schoniger, F.; Resch, G.; Suna, D.; Hasengst, F.; Pardo-Garcia, N.; Totschnig, G.; Formayer, H.; Maier, P.; Leidinger, D.; Nadeem, Imran |
| Keywords: | Climate change; Electricity generation; Energy demand; Modelling |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:conppr:h051892&r=env |
| By: | Fluhrer, Svenja |
| Abstract: | Forecast-based Financing (FbF) is a new humanitarian instrument that helps vulnerable households to cope with climate shocks. While economists have posited that ex-post disaster aid decreases households’ investment in climate adaptation strategies such as agriculture insurance uptake, the effect of FbF on households’ adaptation investments is unknown. In this paper, I use a Randomized Controlled Trial approach to examine the effect of FbF on the demand for agriculture insurance among pastoralist households in Mongolia. I find that receiving FbF during an extreme weather event increases the uptake of livestock insurance for the following year, indicating that FbF crowds-in households’ investments in climate adaptation. I suggest increased risk awareness through which FbF affects insurance demand. |
| Keywords: | Adaptation, forecast-based financing, index-based agricultural insurance, livestock, charity hazard |
| JEL: | H84 O1 Q1 |
| Date: | 2023–04–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:117975&r=env |
| By: | Amro Elshurafa; Fakhri Hasanov; Lester C. Hunt (King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center) |
| Abstract: | This study assesses the macroeconomic, energy and emissions impacts of solar photovoltaic (PV) deployment in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for the period 2021–2030. This is accomplished by linking an energy and environmental sector augmented macroeconometric model with a power model and a distributed generation model. Furthermore, this study distinguishes between the macroeconomic, energy and emissions impacts of PV deployment at the utility and distributed generation scales. To the best of our knowledge, these two aspects make this work novel. We analyze three scenarios: (i) fully government-funded utility-scale PV deployment, (ii) half-government-funded utility-scale PV deployment and (iii) household-funded distributed-generation-scale PV deployment, with some government support alongside a business-as-usual (BaU) scenario.. |
| Keywords: | Agent based modeling, Analytics, Applied resesarch, Autometrics |
| Date: | 2023–06–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:prc:dpaper:ks--2023-dp10&r=env |
| By: | Antoine Fontaine (EVS - Environnement, Ville, Société - ENS de Lyon - École normale supérieure de Lyon - Mines Saint-Étienne MSE - École des Mines de Saint-Étienne - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - UJML - Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 - Université de Lyon - INSA Lyon - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon - Université de Lyon - INSA - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - UJM - Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne - ENTPE - École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État - ENSAL - École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Laurence Rocher (EVS - Environnement, Ville, Société - ENS de Lyon - École normale supérieure de Lyon - Mines Saint-Étienne MSE - École des Mines de Saint-Étienne - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - UJML - Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 - Université de Lyon - INSA Lyon - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon - Université de Lyon - INSA - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - UJM - Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne - ENTPE - École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État - ENSAL - École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | The sharp increase in and volatility of fossil fuel prices, due in particular to the Russian–Ukrainian conflict, is a powerful incentive for cities to accelerate their energy transition. Yet urban authorities have limited power over the construction of energy policies and the management of networks, and they remain dependent on remote and mainly carbon-intensive imported sources of energy. The recovery of waste heat from waste incineration or industrial emissions and its use in heating networks represents a solution for cities to control part of their energy supply, to develop their own capacities for action and to implement local transition strategies, in addition to the development of renewable energies. Based on the analysis of four case studies in France between 2019 and 2022, in the context preceding the current energy crisis, this article examines how cities are trying to develop waste heat recovery and the role this energy resource plays in the decarbonisation of urban energy systems. The analysis highlights that the emergence of these projects is more broadly part of the renegotiation dynamics of energy, ecological and economic relationships between cities and industries, and that their implementation results in the construction of new urban energy nexuses. The use of waste heat makes it possible to improve the energy efficiency of industrial and urban energy systems, sometimes significantly, but it must be seen as a transitional solution because it can temporarily increase cities' dependency on high-carbon and energy-inefficient industrial activities. |
| Keywords: | Urban nexus, Waste heat, Energy transition, Infrastructure, Public policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04156338&r=env |
| By: | Runge, Tania; Eichhorn, Theresa; Schaller, Lena |
| Abstract: | In this report we present the survey results from Germany and Austria on two agri-environmental measures that are not yet well established in practice in these countries, namely result-based and collective environmental protection. Farmers and stakeholders were surveyed separately. The two questionnaires per country were conducted in spring 2021 at a time when the European legal framework for the CAP after 2022 was already known. In this framework, both result-based payment and collective implementation are offered as options for agri-environmental and climate measures (AECM). At the time of the survey, the respective national arrangements of the CAP had not yet been published. Agri-environmental measures compensate farmers for environmental and climate services on a contractual basis. Farmers will only decide to participate on a voluntary basis if the measures are attractive to them. Within the framework of Agri-environmental measures compensate farmers for environmental and climate services on a contractual basis. However, farmers will only decide to participate on a voluntary basis if the measures are attractive to them. In order to find out which contractual characteristics positively influence the willingness to participate in the two types of contracts examined here, farmers in Austria and in Germany were surveyed online. In addition, the opinions on the practicability and economic efficiency of the result-based and collective contracts were surveyed. A total of 152 surveys from Austria and 146 from Germany were analysed. Since a large number of stakeholders are involved in the conception, implementation and/or monitoring of AECM, stakeholders in Austria and Germany were also interviewed in writing. Stakeholders were also asked to indicate which external factors, beyond the control of the farmers themselves, they believe inhibit or encourage participation in result-based or collective contracts. For this purpose, the PESTLE2 approach, originally developed for strategic business decisions, was adapted to this question. In this way, it was possible to explore in detail which political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental factors play a role in result-based or collective contracts. 34 questionnaires from stakeholders in Austria and 51 from Germany were analysed. Both Austrian and German farmers prefer the result-based contract type for future participation over other new types of contracts such as collective, value chain-oriented contracts and land leases with environmental requirements. Specific contract characteristics are of crucial importance here. The proportion of farmers who indicated that they were likely or very likely to participate in result-based contracts was significantly higher than for the collective contract. The result-based contract was also rated better than the collective contract in terms of practical feasibility and economic efficiency by farmers as well as stakeholders from both countries. There are differences in the countries especially in the assessment of the Austrian stakeholders regarding the practical feasibility of the collective contract. There was particularly little agreement here. In both countries, stakeholders rate the economic efficiency of collective agreements significantly higher than farmers. Environmental aspects that stakeholders and farmers say can be improved well with a result-based contract type are "biodiversity" and "landscape and scenery", but "soil quality" was also mentioned relatively often. In collective contracts, all parties mentioned "landscape and scenery" most frequently, followed by "biodiversity". Moreover, German stakeholders can well imagine that collective contracts are suitable for improving "water quality". In terms of the external factors that the stakeholders surveyed believe to influence farmers' adoption and participation in result-based and collective contracts, the responses cover a wide range of hindering and facilitating factors. For result-based contracts, economic factors were most frequently mentioned, especially a comprehensible premium calculation as well as adequate financial remuneration; for collective approaches, it was social factors. The calculation of premiums in result-based contracts was considered difficult, as environmental results are not always immediately visible or attributable to individual farmers. In addition, (extreme) weather events can affect environmental outcomes, putting payments to farmers at risk. To overcome such difficulties, combinations of basic payments and additional performance payments or staggered payments for reaching intermediate targets have been proposed. In collective approaches, a positive group dynamic is seen as crucial for success. "Together" and "we-feeling" were mentioned as core prerequisites for a good functioning. Trust within the group of farmers as well as with the authorities and other actors involved is also seen as conducive. As a major obstacle to collective approaches, several participants mentioned the additional coordination and communication effort that requires adequate funding. Clear rules and a clearly defined distribution of tasks were also emphasised, among other things to avoid free-rider behaviour. In summary, the comparative examination of the attitudes and opinions of German and Austrian farmers made it possible to identify contract-specific commonalities and differences between the two countries. Differences become apparent, inter alia, in the future willingness to participate and the assessment of the suitability of result-based or collective contracts for the protection of selected environmental goods. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Land Economics/Use |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:jhimwp:337991&r=env |
| By: | Francesco D'Ercole (LUM University); Alexander F. Wagner (University of Zurich ; Swiss Finance Institute; CEPR; and ECGI) |
| Abstract: | In prior financial and economic crises such as the Global Financial Crisis and COVID-19, environmentally responsible stocks performed well or at least neutrally. Were they also resilient as another banking crisis began unfolding with the collapse of Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) and Signature Bank? Or did they suffer because of the important role that these and other regional banks play for the clean tech sector? We find that stocks with more opportunities in the transition to a low-carbon economy performed worse in the 2023 crisis. Investors favored firms with low debt. Overall, the market appears to anticipate that the (regional) banking sector stress will curtail climate tech development. |
| Keywords: | Bank failure, Clean tech, ESG, Event study, Financial crisis, Silicon Valley Bank |
| JEL: | G12 G30 Q57 |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:chf:rpseri:rp2358&r=env |
| By: | Bresson, Georges (University of Paris 2); Etienne, Jean-Michel (Université Paris-Sud); Lacroix, Guy (Université Laval) |
| Abstract: | Excessive nighttime light is known to have detrimental effects on health and on the environment (fauna and flora). The paper investigates the link between nighttime light pollution and economic growth, air pollution, and urban density. We propose a county model of consumption which accounts for spatial interactions. The model naturally leads to a dynamic general nesting spatial model with unknown common factors. The model is estimated with data for 3071 continental US counties from 2012–2019 using a quasi-maximum likelihood estimator. Short run and long run county marginal effects emphasize the importance of spillover effects on radiance levels. Counties with high levels of radiance are less sensitive to additional growth than low-level counties. This has implications for policies that have been proposed to curtail nighttime light pollution. |
| Keywords: | nighttime light pollution, air pollution, GDP, satellite data, space-time panel data model |
| JEL: | C23 Q53 |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16342&r=env |
| By: | Takuro Uehara; Mateo Cordier (UVSQ - Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines); Juan Baztan (UVSQ - Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines); Bethany Jorgensen |
| Abstract: | There is agreed scientific evidence that the plastic problem must be solved. Cumulative production of plastic since the inception of mass production after the second world war is estimated to be 9544 million metric tons (Mt), produced between 1950 and 2019, and more than 7000 Mt of plastic waste has been generated over that period. Primarily because of river discharge and mismanaged waste, plastic waste enters the ocean, leading to marine plastic pollution, one of the problems with plastic taking most attention. There have been growing publications on model simulations studying the way plastic pollution could change in the long run under different scenarios. While there are variations in their approaches and results, all these publications conclude that plastic waste will increase in the next decades if no changes are made to the current trend. They also all conclude that an unprecedented and significant effort is required to reduce the amount of plastic waste accumulation. It requires system change, transforming the global plastic economy, or combining solutions. Furthermore, technological solutions will not be enough to solve the plastics problem, and it is urgent to act on non-technological solutions, among them by changing people's behavior in waste management and waste prevention. The four articles in this Research Topic highlight the importance of socio-economic dimensions of plastic pollution from various perspectives. |
| Keywords: | Uehara T Cordier M Baztan J and Jorgensen B ( ) Editorial: The sustainability series: the plastics problem -investigating socio-economic dimensions of plastic pollution. Front. Sustain. : . doi: . /frsus. socio-economic dimensions plastic pollution citizen science intervention behavioral change nudge information intervention material flow analysis, Uehara T, Cordier M, Baztan J and Jorgensen B ( ) Editorial: The sustainability series: the plastics problem -investigating socio-economic dimensions of plastic pollution. Front. Sustain. : . doi: . /frsus. socio-economic dimensions, plastic pollution, citizen science, intervention, behavioral change, nudge, information intervention, material flow analysis |
| Date: | 2023–05–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04154789&r=env |
| By: | Salomé Fournier (ONF, Office National des Forêts - Département Recherche, Fontainebleau, France - UPD7 - Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7); Thierry Sardin (National expert in silviculture - Office National des Forêts); Philippe Dreyfus (ONF - Office national des forêts); Didier Francois (ONF - Office national des forêts); Xavier Mandret (ONF - Office national des forêts); Marion Simeoni (ONF - Office national des forêts); Jean-Pierre Renaud (ONF - Office national des forêts); Emila Akroume (ONF - Office national des forêts); Alain Bouvet (FCBA - Institut Technologique Forêt Cellulose Bois-construction Ameublement); Alain Berthelot (FCBA - Institut Technologique Forêt Cellulose Bois-construction Ameublement); Holger Wernsdörfer (SILVA - SILVA - AgroParisTech - UL - Université de Lorraine - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Miguel Riviere (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Julien Sainte-Marie (SILVA - SILVA - AgroParisTech - UL - Université de Lorraine - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Sandrine Breteau-Amores (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Christine Deleuze (ONF - Office national des forêts); François de Coligny (UMR AMAP - Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - IRD [France-Sud] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | We provide a database of 52 silvicultural scenarios recommended in French public forests including relevant dendrometric variables and metrics for carbon accounting. The dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.57745/QARRFS . Associated metadata are available at https://metadata-afs.nancy.inra.fr/geonetwork/srv/fre/catalog.search#/metadata/f76ed27f-325d-493b-8731-0995dcaa7805 . Special attention was paid to offer carbon metrics required for the French Label Bas Carbone offset projects. |
| Keywords: | Forest management, Silviculture, Simulation, Forest dynamics, Carbon, Mitigation |
| Date: | 2022–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03919731&r=env |
| By: | Rose Deperrois (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier, GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Adélaïde Fadhuile (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Julie Subervie (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | Social learning and diffusion of innovations through peers can be a key component of the agroecological transition, as it contributes to the generalization of good practices and improves the efficiency of public policies by increasing the number of farmers reached without additional cost. We evaluated the spillover effects of a pesticide reduction scheme implemented in France during the 2010s, which was designed to train farmers in pesticide-saving farming practices and encourage knowledge diffusion beyond the scope of farms enrolled in the program. We applied a quasi-experimental approach to pseudo-panel data collected at national scale and found that doubling the proportion of participants would reduce pesticide use by about 10% within representative cohorts on average. Besides, we found an additional effect of similar magnitude on farms that report having participated to demonstration visits to the farms trained by the program. These results suggest that agricultural training programs are likely to generate spillover effects at lower cost. |
| Date: | 2023–07–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04168271&r=env |
| By: | Erich Muehlegger; David Rapson |
| Abstract: | A number of policy proposals call for replacing fossil fuels in the name of decarbonization, but these fuels will be difficult to replace due to their as-yet unrivaled bundle of attributes: abundance, ubiquity, energy density, transportability and cost. There is a growing commitment to electrification as the dominant decarbonization pathway for transportation. While deep electrification is promising for road vehicles in wealthy countries, it will face steep obstacles. In other sectors and in the developing world, it’s not even in pole position. Global transportation decarbonization will require decoupling emissions from economic growth, and decoupling emissions from growth will require not only new technologies, but cooperation in governance. The menu of policy options is replete with tradeoffs, particularly as the primacy of energy security and reliability (over emissions abatement) has once again been demonstrated in Europe and elsewhere. |
| Keywords: | climate policy; energy transition; transportation |
| JEL: | P18 Q42 Q48 |
| Date: | 2023–07–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:feddwp:96516&r=env |
| By: | Alexander Roth; Dana Kirchem; Carlos Gaete-Morales; Wolf-Peter Schill |
| Abstract: | Heat pumps are a key technology for reducing fossil fuel use in the heating sector. A transition to heat pumps implies an increase in electricity demand, especially in cold winter months. Using an open-source power sector model, we examine the power sector impacts of a massive expansion of decentralized heat pumps in Germany in 2030, combined with buffer heat storage of different sizes. Assuming that the additional electricity used by heat pumps has to be fully covered by renewable energies in a yearly balance, we quantify the required additional investments in renewable energy sources. If wind power expansion potentials are limited, the roll-out of heat pumps can also be accompanied by solar PV with little additional costs, making use of the European interconnection. The need for additional firm capacity and electricity storage generally remains limited even in the case of temporally inflexible heat pumps. We further find that relatively small heat storage capacities of 2 to 6 hours can substantially reduce the need for short- and long-duration electricity storage and other generation capacities, as well as power sector costs. We further show that 5.8 million additional heat pumps save around 120 TWh of natural gas and 24 million tonnes of CO$_2$ emissions per year. |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2307.12918&r=env |
| By: | Megy, C.; Massol, O. |
| Abstract: | Power-to-gas (PtG), a technology that converts electricity into hydrogen, is expected to become a core component of future low-carbon energy systems. While its economics and performance as a sector coupling technique have been well studied in the context of perfectly competitive energy markets, the distortions caused by the presence of large strategic players with a multi-market presence have received little attention. In this paper, we examine them by specifying a partial equilibrium model that provides a stylized representation of the interactions among the natural gas, electricity, and hydrogen markets. Using that model, we compare several possible ownership organizations for PtG to investigate how imperfect competition affects its operations. Evidence gained from these market simulations show that the effects of PtG vary with the multi-market profile of its operator. Producers of fossil-based hydrogen tend to make little use of PtG, whereas renewable power producers use it more to increase the electricity prices. Although PtG operations are profitable and can be welfare-enhancing, the social gain is either very tiny or negative when PtG is strategically operated in conjunction with variable renewable generation. In that case, PtG also raises environmental concerns as it stimulates the use of polluting thermoelectric generation. |
| Keywords: | Power-to-Gas; Sector coupling; Hydrogen; Renewable energy sources; Multi-market oligopoly; Mixed Complementarity Problem |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cty:dpaper:23/01&r=env |
| By: | Daniel Aronoff; Will Rafey |
| Abstract: | We introduce an empirical framework for valuing markets in environmental offsets. Using newly-collected data on wetland conservation and offsets, we apply this framework to evaluate a set of decentralized markets in Florida, where land developers purchase offsets from a small number of long-lived producers that restore wetlands over time. We find that offsets led to substantial private gains from trade, creating about $2.2 billion of net surplus from 1995–2018 relative to a historical conservation mandate. Offset trading also led to large differences in hydrological outcomes, driven by significant differences between restored and existing wetlands in terms of area and location. A locally differentiated Pigouvian tax on offset transactions would have prevented $1.3 billion of new flood damage while preserving more than two-thirds of the private gains from trade. |
| JEL: | L0 |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31495&r=env |
| By: | Marcos Escobar-Anel; Yiyao Jiao |
| Abstract: | This paper proposes an expected multivariate utility analysis for ESG investors in which green stocks, brown stocks, and a market index are modeled in a one-factor, CAPM-type structure. This setting allows investors to accommodate their preferences for green investments according to proper risk aversion levels. We find closed-form solutions for optimal allocations, wealth and value functions. As by-products, we first demonstrate that investors do not need to reduce their pecuniary satisfaction in order to increase green investments. Secondly, we propose a parameterization to capture investors' preferences for green assets over brown or market assets, independent of performance. The paper uses the RepRisk Rating of U.S. stocks from 2010 to 2020 to select companies that are representative of various ESG ratings. Our empirical analysis reveals drastic increases in wealth allocation toward high-rated ESG stocks for ESG-sensitive investors; this holds even as the overall level of pecuniary satisfaction is kept unchanged. |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2307.12161&r=env |
| By: | Shuhei Kitamura |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the influence of climate change on the human mind and culture from the 13th century to the 21st century. By quantitatively analyzing 100, 000 paintings and the biological data of over 2, 000 artists, an interesting U-shaped pattern in the lightness of paintings was found, which correlated with trends in global temperature. Event study analysis revealed that when an artist is subjected to a high-temperature shock, their paintings become brighter in later periods. Moreover, the effects are more pronounced in art genres that rely less on real things and more on the artist's imagination, indicating the influence of artists' minds. Overall, this study demonstrates the significant and enduring influence of climate on the human mind and culture over centuries. |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2307.15540&r=env |
| By: | Yannick Perez (CentraleSupélec, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France); Carine Staropoli (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Face aux défis du changement climatique, la révolution de la mobilité durable tant attendue et annoncée tarde à se concrétiser. Les transports sont encore responsables du tiers des émissions de gaz à effet de serre en France (dont 72 % pour le transport routier), 24 % au niveau mondial, et sont le seul secteur où elles continuent d'augmenter par rapport à 1990 (le ralentissement lié aux restrictions de déplacement pendant la pandémie en 2020 constituant une parenthèse). La décarbonation de la mobilité est pourtant un impératif pour respecter les engagements du pays d'atteindre la neutralité carbone en 2050 ce qui impose des étapes tout aussi ambitieuses et contraignantes. En 2030, l'Europe va obliger beaucoup de secteurs de l'industrie, dont les transports, à réduire leurs émissions de CO2 de 55 % par rapport au niveau actuel ce qui se traduit pour les constructeurs de véhicules légers par la nécessité de vendre des véhicules qui émettent en moyenne 55 % de moins de CO2 que les véhicules vendus en 2021. En 2035, la vente de véhicules thermiques neufs sera tout simplement interdite. Pourtant, des changements ont eu lieu mais à un rythme trop lent qui ne permet pas le passage à l'échelle : les usages de la mobilité évoluent, l'industrie innove avec une perspective technologique favorable du côté des véhicules électriques, les investisseurs publics et privés poursuivent leurs engagements dans des projets d'infrastructures et les politiques publiques sont mises en œuvre à tous les niveaux pour promouvoir la mobilité durable. |
| Date: | 2022–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04157581&r=env |
| By: | Thorsten Hens (University of Zurich; University of Lucerne; Norwegian School of Economics; and Swiss Finance Institute); Ester Trutwin (University of Zurich) |
| Abstract: | Empirical studies investigate various causes and effects of sustainable investments. While some attempts have been made to describe the results found by theoretical models, these are relatively complex and idiosyncratic. We relate to existing studies and use a parsimonious CAPM in which we model various aspects of sustainable investing. Our results find evidence that ESG-harmful investments require higher returns and ESG rating heterogeneity increases returns. Moreover, sustainable investing changes a firm’s production decision through two channels - the growth and the reform channel. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable Investing, ESG rating, CAPM, Growth Channel, Reform Channel |
| JEL: | G11 G12 G30 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:chf:rpseri:rp2356&r=env |
| By: | Leogrande, Angelo; Leogrande, Domenico; Costantiello, Alberto |
| Abstract: | In the following article, we estimate the value of Patent Applications-PA in the context of the Environmental, Social and Governance-ESG model at world level. We use data from World Bank for 193 countries in the period 2011-2021. We found that PA is positively associated, among others, to “CO_2 Emissions” and “Mammal Species Threated”, and negatively associated among others to “Hospital Beds” and “Research and Development Expenditures”. Furthermore, we found that at aggregate level PA is negatively associated to each macro component of the ESG model i.e.: Environment, Social and Governance. Furthermore, we have applied eight different machine-learning algorithms for the prediction of the future value of PA. We found that the best predictive algorithm is the Simple Regression Tree in terms of minimization of MAE, RMSE and MSE and maximization of R-squared. The value of PA is predicted to growth by an average of 9.82% for the analysed countries. |
| Keywords: | Analysis of Collective Decision-Making; General; Political Processes: Rent-Seeking; Lobbying; Elections; Legislatures; and Voting Behaviour; Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations; Corruption; Positive Analysis of Policy Formulation; Implementation. |
| JEL: | D7 D70 D72 D73 D78 |
| Date: | 2023–07–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:117994&r=env |
| By: | Arnaud Lacan (KEDGE Business School [Marseille], AMSE - Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - ECM - École Centrale de Marseille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | This article offers a general reflection on governance and managerial practices within a Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE) and suggests that in a time of profound socioeconomic change, it is in SSE companies' interest to establish global sustainable governance and responsible team management systems consistent with both the values structuring this domain as well as employee aspirations. This a French point of view with a sustainable dimension based on a literature review and on several published studies but not on an empirical approach. In a way it is an essay more than a demonstration. It is a proposal which could lead to methodological work. Here is a first step. |
| Keywords: | governance, management, SE, values, staff, sustainability |
| Date: | 2022–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03620280&r=env |
| By: | Karpavicius, Luiza (Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University (ENVS/AU)); Chimeli, Ariaster (Departamento de Economia, Universidade de São Paulo) |
| Abstract: | Ecosystem degradation and contact with wildlife is often linked to infectious diseases such as COVID-19 and malaria, a major cause of death and incapacitation worldwide. This paper investigates a quasi-experiment involving two forest protection policies for the Brazilian Amazon region and their consequences to malaria incidence. The first inadvertently increased forest degradation in part of the Amazon, whereas the second curbed deforestation in the entire region. Using actual malaria case data distributed across space and over 17 years, we estimate the causal link between deforestation and malaria. The results imply that effective forest protection reduced malaria incidence by over 50%. |
| Keywords: | Malaria; deforestation; forest protection policies |
| JEL: | D04 I18 Q23 Q56 Q57 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023–08–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:nereus:2023_006&r=env |
| By: | Petri P. Karenlampi |
| Abstract: | Nitrogen fertilization of boreal forests is investigated in terms of microeconomics, as a tool for carbon sequestration. The effects of nitrogen fertilization's timing on the return rate on capital and the expected value of the timber stock are investigated within a set of semi-fertile, spruce-dominated boreal stands, using an inventory-based growth model. Early fertilization tends to shorten rotations, reducing timber stock and carbon storage. The same applies to fertilization after the second thinning. Fertilization applied ten years before stand maturity is profitable and increases the timber stock, but the latter effect is small. Fertilization of mature stands, extending any rotation by ten years, effectively increases the carbon stock. Profitability varies but is increased by fertilization, instead of merely extending the rotation. |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2307.12362&r=env |
| By: | Maxime L. D. Nicolas; Adrien Desroziers; Fabio Caccioli; Tomaso Aste |
| Abstract: | We investigate the response of shareholders to Environmental, Social, and Governance-related reputational risk (ESG-risk), focusing exclusively on the impact of social media. Using a dataset of 114 million tweets about firms listed on the S&P100 index between 2016 and 2022, we extract conversations discussing ESG matters. In an event study design, we define events as unusual spikes in message posting activity linked to ESG-risk, and we then examine the corresponding changes in the returns of related assets. By focusing on social media, we gain insight into public opinion and investor sentiment, an aspect not captured through ESG controversies news alone. To the best of our knowledge, our approach is the first to distinctly separate the reputational impact on social media from the physical costs associated with negative ESG controversy news. Our results show that the occurrence of an ESG-risk event leads to a statistically significant average reduction of 0.29% in abnormal returns. Furthermore, our study suggests this effect is predominantly driven by Social and Governance categories, along with the "Environmental Opportunities" subcategory. Our research highlights the considerable impact of social media on financial markets, particularly in shaping shareholders' perception of ESG reputation. We formulate several policy implications based on our findings. |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2307.11571&r=env |
| By: | Chenyan Lyu; Hung Xuan Do; Rabindra Nepal; Tooraj Jamasb |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates price volatility and spillover effects in the Nordic electricity wholesale markets, comprising Sweden, Finland, Denmark, and Norway. Utilizing both the Time-Varying Parameter Vector Autoregressive (TVP-VAR) and Rolling Window-based VAR (RW-VAR) approaches, we analyze the integration dynamics among these regional markets and the impact of carbon prices on volatility spillovers. The study employs a rich dataset of 107, 352 hourly prices spanning from January 2010 to March 2022. The novelty of this research is three-fold. Firstly, we adopt a connectedness approach to explore volatility interactions among the four Nordic markets, contributing to the scarce literature on volatility in this market. Secondly, we segment the Norwegian market into southern and northern regions, revealing differences in volatility spillover patterns. Lastly, we investigate the influence of carbon prices on volatility spillovers, shedding light on its role in market dynamics. We find significant connectedness between the Nordic markets, with an average volatility Total Connectedness Index of 52.4% and 50.9%. Sweden emerges as the sole net volatility spillover transmitter, while Denmark experiences the largest shocks from the system. We further find that carbon prices exert a 5% significant impact on the volatility spillover index, as estimated by the 200-days rolling window VAR. |
| Keywords: | Electricity Markets, Price Volatility, Nord Pool, Carbon Market, Renewable Energy |
| JEL: | D0 D5 L1 L9 |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:een:camaaa:2023-36&r=env |
| By: | Nguyen, Peter; Barajas, Jesus M |
| Abstract: | A variety of web-based mapping and quantitative analysis tools can help planners evaluate whether a given land use efficiency strategy can meet goals, but there has been limited information about the coverage, breadth, and availability of these tools. These tools can assist in the regional implementation of greenhouse gas reduction strategies through land use development. As such, decisionmakers would benefit from knowing which of these tools could serve their needs. Researchers at UC Davis studied methods and tools available to regional and local governments to evaluate the land use efficiency and equity of their policies and plans. The research team then conducted a workshop with regional and local government representatives to identify efficacy, gaps, and potential improvements for these tools. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Equity (justice), land use, sustainable development, transportation planning, vehicle miles of travel |
| Date: | 2023–08–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt7xv7x65k&r=env |
| By: | Cheng, Zhiming (University of New South Wales); Guo, Liwen (University of New South Wales); Tani, Massimiliano (University of New South Wales); Cook, Sarah (University of Nottingham) |
| Abstract: | Our study focuses on exploring the impact of air pollution on household investment in children's education in China. Air pollution poses a significant risk to some cities in northern China. We have used panel data from secondary schools in Shandong Province in 2017 and 2020 and discovered that a rise of one standard deviation of PM2.5 leads to a 9.6-44.6 percentage point decrease in the likelihood of parents spending on their children's education. The impact of air pollution on household education investment is mediated by parents' and children's educational expectations and household incomes. Our findings also indicate that high school students are more likely to receive higher education investment than middle school students, even at the same level of air pollution. The results of our study suggest that air pollution can lead to a decrease in human capital accumulation due to changes in parental behaviors induced by air pollution. |
| Keywords: | air pollution, education investment, China |
| JEL: | Q53 I20 D10 |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16322&r=env |
| By: | Montes, Carlo |
| Abstract: | Near normal temperatures are predicted for the Inkomati catchment from July to December 2023. Near normal rainfall amounts are predicted for the Inkomati catchment from July to December 2023. A reduction in rainfall, higher than usual temperatures and evaporative demand. Drought conditions induced by the 2023 strong El Niño event are expected for the Inkomati catchment from January to March 2024 and likely until the next wet season. |
| Keywords: | SOUTH AFRICA; SOUTHERN AFRICA; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA; AFRICA; temperature measurement; rainfall; evaporation; climate; sea surface temperature; El Niño; watersheds; drought; trade winds |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:othbrf:136817&r=env |
| By: | Forsyth, Tim; Springate-Baginski, Oliver |
| Abstract: | Landscape Approaches have been proposed as a transferable model of multi-stakeholder governance, yet assume conditions of ideal speech, trust, and transparency that seem untransferable to authoritarian regimes. This paper argues that building Landscape Approaches under authoritarian conditions cannot be based on a governance deficit model of awaiting idealized political conditions, but instead needs to pay attention to how local social and political structures influence what is deliberated, and by whom. The paper presents evidence from a multi-stakeholder environmental intervention around Lake Indawgyi in Kachin State, Myanmar, to draw lessons for transferring Landscapes Approaches under conditions of political authoritarianism, sporadic violent conflict, and rapid socio-economic change. Using information gathered from village surveys and interviews with policymakers, the paper analyzes how multifunctionality, stakeholder engagement, and deliberation are achieved, and with whose influence. The paper argues that common principles of Landscapes Approaches need to acknowledge more how state-led agendas can influence agendas and participation in conservation; but also how the composition and interests of stakeholders are not fixed under socio-economic transformation. Focusing on local and contextual drivers of environmental change and political inequality are more useful for transferring Landscape Approaches to authoritarian regimes than adhering to optimistic principles, or testing associations between variables without reference to context. Indeed, the latter risks depoliticizing conflictual processes, and implicitly endorsing political inequalities. The 2021 military coup in Myanmar has added to these inequalities. |
| Keywords: | landscape approaches; multi-stakeholder governance; transformation; multifunctional landscapes; Myanmar |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2021–10–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:111039&r=env |
| By: | Minh Ha-Duong (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Vietnam is at a critical juncture in its energy transition. While robust economic growth drives electricity demand, sustainability concerns necessitate a shift to renewable sources. International cooperation can provide vital support through knowledge, technology and finance. However, funding proposals like the Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP) require balanced evaluation. Transition policies must also incorporate multifaceted notions of justice and adaptively blend planning with market forces. Seizing opportunities while overcoming hurdles demands policy innovation, stakeholder inclusion and evidence-based analysis. With creativity, pragmatism and social responsibility, Vietnam can pioneer an equitable transition that meets development needs cost-effectively. I present an integrated perspective across technical, financial, political and social dimensions, and welcome expert input on charting an optimal pathway during this pivotal moment. |
| Date: | 2023–07–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04162361&r=env |
| By: | Saulich, Christina |
| Abstract: | The German government intends to establish standards for responsible sourcing of metals, and laid out its objectives in a position paper in January 2023 ("Paths to sustainable and resilient raw material supplies"). German firms source much of the metals they use through traders, exchanges and over-the-counter markets. These tend to be located outside the European Union in countries whose regulations on corporate due diligence are weaker than the EU's. Given the central role of commodity traders and exchanges in securing the supply of metals and enforcing sustainability standards in metal supply chains, the German government should ensure that its implementation of its position paper devotes commensurate attention to the commodity trade. Robust supply chain legislation at the EU level, also covering the financial sector, will permit Germany to exert indirect influence on commodity traders, exchanges and over-the-counter markets. |
| Keywords: | due diligence obligations, metal supply chains, sustainability standards, European Union, green transformation, digital transformation, commodity traders, OECD, Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpcom:322023&r=env |
| By: | David S. Rapson; Erich Muehlegger |
| Abstract: | A number of policy proposals call for replacing fossil fuels in the name of decarbonization, but these fuels will be difficult to replace due to to their as-yet unrivaled bundle of attributes: abundance, ubiquity, energy density, transportability and cost. There is a growing commitment to electrification as the dominant decarbonization pathway for transportation. While deep electrification is promising for road vehicles in wealthy countries, it will face steep obstacles. In other sectors and in the developing world, it’s not even in pole position. Global transportation decarbonization will require decoupling emissions from economic growth, and decoupling emissions from growth will require not only new technologies, but cooperation in governance. The menu of policy options is replete with tradeoffs, particularly as the primacy of energy security and reliability (over emissions abatement) has once again been demonstrated in Europe and elsewhere. |
| JEL: | Q5 R40 |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31513&r=env |
| By: | Rawa, Grzegorz |
| Abstract: | Progressive climate change triggers off phenomena that threaten agricultural production. Crop insurance makes it possible to mitigate their effects, but only a small percentage of crops in Poland is insured. Previous research into the determinants of farmers̕ participation in the production insurance system has mainly used the logit regression method. This paper presents the results of a study using a structural equation model (SEM) estimated for a sample of 600 farms in the FADN observation field, which aimed to identify factors influencing farmers’ purchase of production insurance. This research approach made it possible to describe the phenomenon in a way that has been little recognized so far, complementing the decision-making model under consideration with latent variables that could not be considered by the methods used so far. Based on the literature research, three unobservable variables were identified: willingness to purchase insurance, risk aversion and risk perception, and farming intensity, and then quantified using observable variables. The results show a directly proportional relationship between willingness to purchase insurance and risk aversion and risk perception and inversely proportional relationship with farming intensity. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2023–06–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iafepa:337447&r=env |
| By: | Sulasula, Josephine |
| Abstract: | This research report analyzes the Philippine sardine industry using the Quadruple Helix Model, which highlights the interplay between government, industry, academia, and civil society in promoting sustainable development. The report first examines the current status of the sardine industry in Zamboanga City, which is the largest producer of sardines in the Philippines. It discusses the challenges faced by the industry, such as overfishing, declining catches, and competition from other countries. It uses the Quadruple Helix Model to analyze the seven challenges that the Philippine sardine industry needs to navigate through. These challenges include strengthening collaboration among stakeholders, implementing sustainable fishing practices, developing organic sardine products, promoting the quality and value of Philippine sardines, supporting community-based sardine production enterprises, strengthening regulations on fishing activities, and expanding the market for Philippine sardines. Then, it discusses the strategies and initiatives that can be undertaken to address these challenges, such as promoting knowledge sharing and exchange of best practices, investing in research and development, strengthening regulations, and expanding markets. The report also emphasizes the importance of collaboration among stakeholders in achieving sustainable development in the sardine industry. In particular, the report highlights the role of universities in strengthening research and development and promoting collaboration. It discusses how universities can provide technical assistance, develop education and training programs, and conduct studies on sustainable fishing practices, alternative sources of protein, market trends, and consumer preferences. The report also emphasizes the importance of collaboration with the industry, government, and civil society in promoting sustainable development. Overall, this research report provides a comprehensive analysis of the Philippine sardine industry using the Quadruple Helix Model. It offers insights into the challenges faced by the industry and provides recommendations for promoting sustainable development. Finally, the report highlights the importance of collaboration among stakeholders and the role of universities in driving research and development and promoting sustainable development. |
| Date: | 2023–05–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:ty7a3&r=env |
| By: | Oleg Nivievskyi; Pavlo Iavorskyi; Oleksandr Donchenko |
| Abstract: | The Ministry of Economy has an interest and demand in exploring how to increase the set of [legally registered] small family farmers in Ukraine and to examine more in details measures that could reduce the scale of the shadow agricultural market in Ukraine. Building upon the above political economy background and demand, we will be undertaking the analysis along the two separate but not totally independents streams of analysis, i.e. sustainable small scale (family) farming development and exploring the scale and measures for reducing the shadow agricultural market in Ukraine |
| Date: | 2023–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2307.11683&r=env |
| By: | Fernández, Diego; Montañez, Alfredo; Sarmanto, Natalia |
| Abstract: | En este documento se examina el estado de la prestación de servicios de agua potable y saneamiento en México, incluidos los marcos normativos e institucionales, la inversión en el sector, la cobertura del servicio y las tarifas aplicadas. En México existe una clara diferenciación de funciones entre los principales actores del sector. Sin embargo, la regulación tarifaria y económica varía en cada estado, lo que subraya la importancia de considerar unos costos reales y eficientes y evitar criterios políticos al establecer las tarifas. Aunque el 96, 1% y el 95, 2% de las viviendas del país tienen acceso a agua potable y alcantarillado, respectivamente, todavía hacen falta inversiones anuales cercanas al 1, 56% del PIB para lograr una cobertura universal de los servicios gestionados de manera segura. Esta cifra contrasta significativamente con la del 0, 08% del PIB registrada en 2020, lo que pone de manifiesto la necesidad de aumentar considerablemente los niveles de inversión. Por último, se observa que la tarifa promedio en México, de 0, 9 dólares por metro cúbico facturado, es ligeramente más baja que la media del grupo de prestadores analizados en toda la región, que se sitúa en 1, 01 dólares. |
| Keywords: | AGUA POTABLE, SERVICIOS DE SANEAMIENTO, ABASTECIMIENTO DE AGUA, RECURSOS NATURALES, LEYES Y REGLAMENTOS, INVERSIONES, DRINKING WATER, SANITATION SERVICES, WATER SUPPLY, NATURAL RESOURCES, LAWS AND REGULATIONS, INVESTMENTS |
| Date: | 2023–07–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:49001&r=env |
| By: | Fabio Bacchini; Lorenzo Di Biagio; Giampiero M. Gallo; Vincenzo Spinelli |
| Abstract: | The main component of the NextGeneration EU (NGEU) program is the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF), spanning an implementation period between 2021 and 2026. The RRF also includes a monitoring system: every six months, each country is required to send an update on the progress of the plan against 14 common indicators, measured on specific quantitative scales. The aim of this paper is to present the first empirical evidence on this system, while, at the same time, emphasizing the potential of its integration with the sustainable development framework (SDGs). We propose to develop a first linkage between the 14 common indicators and the SDGs which allows us to produce a composite index (SDGs-RRF) for France, Germany, Italy, and Spain for the period 2014-2021. Over this time, widespread improvements in the composite index across the four countries led to a partial reduction of the divergence. The proposed approach represents a first step towards a wider use of the SDGs for the assessment of the RRF, in line with their use in the European Semester documents prepared by the European Commission. |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2307.11039&r=env |
| By: | Gan Zhang; Wenjun Zhu |
| Abstract: | This study examines the short-term employment changes in the US after hurricane impacts. An analysis of hurricane events during 1990-2021 suggests that county-level employment changes in the initial month are small on average, though large employment losses (>30%) can occur after extreme storms. The overall small changes are partly a result of compensation among different employment sectors, such as the construction and leisure and hospitality sectors. Employment losses tend to be relatively pronounced in the service-providing industries. The post-storm employment shock is negatively correlated with the metrics of storm hazards (e.g., extreme wind and precipitation) and geospatial details of impacts (e.g., storm-entity distance). Additionally, non-storm factors such as county characteristics also strongly affect short-term employment changes. The findings inform predictive modeling of short-term employment changes, which shows promising skills for service-providing industries and high-impact storms. The Random Forests model, which can account for nonlinear relationships, greatly outperforms the multiple linear regression model commonly used by economics studies. These findings may help improve post-storm aid programs and the modeling of hurricanes socioeconomic impacts in a changing climate. |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2307.13686&r=env |
| By: | Jingting Fan; Sungwan Hong; Fernando Parro |
| Abstract: | The impact of shocks in dynamic environments depends on how forward-looking agents anticipate the path of future fundamentals that shape their decisions. We incorporate flexible beliefs about future fundamentals in a general class of dynamic spatial models, allowing beliefs to be evolving, uncertain, and heterogeneous across groups of agents. We show how to implement our methodology to study both ex-ante and ex-post shocks to fundamentals. We apply our method to two settings—an ex-ante study of the economic impacts of climate change, and an ex-post evaluation of the China productivity shock on the U.S. economy. In both cases, we study the impact of deviations from perfect foresight on different outcomes. |
| JEL: | F1 F11 F16 F18 Q54 R11 R13 |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31504&r=env |
| By: | Duong, Thi Minh Phuong |
| Abstract: | The article employed the theoretical reasoning capacity of mindsponge theory to explore how urban residents’ subjective experiences and perceptions of pet and plant diversity in their houses can influence their beliefs about biodiversity loss. |
| Date: | 2023–07–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:7n4ad&r=env |
| By: | Thibault Isambourg (LAET - Laboratoire Aménagement Économie Transports - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - ENTPE - École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, TRANSDEV - parent); Emmanuelle Lacan (Département de la gironde) |
| Abstract: | Rising several issues, home-to-school mobility provides an international literature from various fields. Medical disciplines warn of decline in active travelling as a major public health problem. Social sciences study this mobility in the light of the substantial pollutant emission it generates, the role it plays in the children's quality of life and its influence on their behaviour as adults. Nevertheless, the French literature's exploration of the subject remains timid. Relying on a survey conducted in Gironde, a French department, we propose a modelling and an analysis of greenhouse gases emitted by these trips. Three factors emerge: density, gender, and communal standard of living, even after econometric control. The discussion ended by pointing out the benefits of a policy to tackle social and gender-based inequalities in mobility by promoting active transportation. |
| Abstract: | Par ses multiples enjeux, la mobilité scolaire quotidienne fournit une littérature internationale issue de champs divers. Les disciplines médicales alertent du déclin des modes actifs comme un problème majeur de santé publique. Les sciences sociales étudient cette mobilité à l'instar des émissions polluantes substantielles qui en sont dégagées, de la place qu'elle tient dans la qualité de vie des enfants et son influence sur les comportements qu'ils auront étant adultes. Nonobstant, l'exploration du sujet par la littérature française reste timide. À l'appui d'une enquête menée dans le Département de la Gironde, nous calculons et analysons les gaz à effet de serre rejetés par ces déplacements. Trois facteurs explicatifs ressortent : la densité, le genre et le niveau de vie, cela même après l'exercice de contrôle économétrique. Le propos est clôturé en pointant l'intérêt et les pistes d'actions d'une politique de lutte contre les inégalités sociales et genrées de mobilité par la promotion des modes actifs |
| Keywords: | Modal behaviour, Greenhouse gases GHG, sociospatial inequalities, Youth, Home-to-school mobility, Comportements modaux, CO2, Gaz à effet de serre (GES), Inégalités sociospatiales, Jeunes, Mobilité scolaire |
| Date: | 2023–06–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-04145598&r=env |
| By: | Shahriar Akhavan (University of Warsaw, Faculty of Economic Sciences); Maciej Grzenda (Warsaw University of Technology); Anna Nicińska (University of Warsaw, Faculty of Economic Sciences); Joanna Rachubik (University of Warsaw, Faculty of Economic Sciences); Satia Rożynek (University of Warsaw, Faculty of Economic Sciences); Jakub Zawieska (Warsaw School of Economics); Grzegorz Kula (University of Warsaw, Faculty of Economic Sciences) |
| Abstract: | This article presents an extensive analysis of the private ownership of cars and other transport modes in Warsaw, Poland, with a focus on understanding mobility patterns and exploring sustainable alternatives to private car usage. It provides a comprehensive description of car ownership trends, highlighting the high and growing number of cars per capita in Poland, particularly in Warsaw. The existing transport system in Warsaw, including the public transport network and related policies, is summarized. A literature review examines institutional, socio-economic, and individual factors influencing mobility behaviors and the dynamics of recent changes in car usage and alternative modes of transport. The analysis identifies barriers and opportunities for the adoption of sustainable mobility solutions, while discussing policy implications at the national and international levels. |
| Keywords: | mobility systems, car ownership, public transportation, consumer preferences, sustainable mobility, urban communities |
| JEL: | R41 R48 R53 R58 Q54 O18 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:war:wpaper:2023-18&r=env |
| By: | Leon HAUSER; Roberta BONI; Philip S.J. MINDERHOUD; Pietro TEATINI; Marie-Noëlle WOILLEZ; Rafael ALMAR; Selasi Yao AVORNYO; Kwasi APPEANING ADDO |
| Abstract: | The Gulf of Guinea's low-lying soft coastline is highly vulnerable to coastal erosion and relative sea-level rise (rSLR). Large capital cities and core economic activities are concentrated along the coastline, and potentially exposed to unforeseen risk. Currently, there is limited research on the impacts and vulnerability to rSLR (i.e. including land subsidence). Recent advances in satellite derived global digital elevation model (DEM) data offers exciting opportunities to assess coastal elevation at large scale and identify “hotspots” of potential sea-level rise vulnerability. Hereto, this study presents first a literature review on coastal vulnerability to rSLR in the Gulf of Guinea region. Secondly, this study use recent global satellite based DEMs for a coastal elevation assessment of the Gulf of Guinea to identify low-lying geographical areas needing more detailed investigations. Findings from satellite remote sensing are validated with in-situ data points in the Volta Delta. The results from the literature review highlights that very few publications investigate the combined effects from global SLR and land subsidence in the studied area. None investigates the drivers of land subsidence. Our analysis on satellite-based DEMs shows that there are large uncertainties on coastal elevation in the area, with considerable discrepancies between DEMs (>1m). These results highlight the importance of validation, either through ground-truthing or advanced approaches such as incorporating multiple DEMs. Unfortunately, field data that can be used as reference are scarce in the region, emphasizing the need for more field measurements and publicly available data. Incorporating newer data – e.g. LiDAR or high resolution optical stereo grammetry – is expected to improve assessments significantly and should be further explored. Based on the combination of FABDEM and CoastalDEM_v2.1, several coastal hotspots of vulnerability to SLR have been identified, including Lagos, Niger Delta, Cotonou, Western Accra, the Volta region, and urban areas surrounding the Ebrie lagoon within Abidjan. We conclude our study with concrete suggestions for future research and projects on rSLR in the region. |
| Keywords: | Bénin, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Nigéria, Togo |
| JEL: | Q |
| Date: | 2023–06–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:avg:wpaper:en15582&r=env |
| By: | Delphine Lahet (BSE - Bordeaux Sciences Economiques - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Keywords: | investissement, finance, Fonds monétaire international (FMI), transition écologique, obligations, pays en développement |
| Date: | 2023–04–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04157612&r=env |
| By: | Heiduk, Felix; Wirth, Christian |
| Abstract: | According to official statements, the main purpose of the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue ("Quad") is to intensify cooperation between the four partner countries - Australia, India, Japan and the United States - in tackling urgent challenges in the Indo-Pacific region. These include climate protection, health policy and maritime security. However, it is primarily the rise of China and the associated challenge to US hegemony in the region that brings together the four partners. In this context minilateral cooperation formats such as the Quad are gaining global importance. But more than 15 years after the start of formal meetings, and despite increased cooperation, the security dialogue between the four unequal partners appears more a symptom of regional instability than a remedy for it. |
| Keywords: | Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Australia, India, Japan, United States), China, Russia, Ukraine, Indo-Pacific region, G7 Summit, climate change, critical and emerging technologies, cyber security, infrastructure, regional health security, maritime and space security, counter-terrorism, humanitarian and disaster relief, European Union (EU), ASEAN |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpcom:312023&r=env |
| By: | Diana Radu |
| Abstract: | Medium-term budgetary frameworks (MTBFs) are a key element of national fiscal frameworks and they are becoming increasingly relevant in the EU economic governance framework. Considering the role envisaged for medium-term planning in the reformed EU economic governance framework, this paper takes stock of MTBFs progress and developments achieved in the EU Member States in the last decade. EU legal provisions adopted after the great financial crisis have contributed to the development of domestic MTBFs in the EU, setting minimum requirements and a common legal basis for establishing such frameworks. The diverse mediumterm planning practices reflect country-specific circumstances but also point to areas that could be further developed to foster stable and binding MTBFs that are at the same time flexible enough to be resilient to shocks. For instance, medium-term planning could e more effective. Moreover, the scope of domestic MTBFs could be broader to enhance their capacity to deal with existing and future challenges, such as inflation and climate change. |
| JEL: | H50 H60 |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:euf:dispap:189&r=env |
| By: | Moreno, Frede |
| Abstract: | This research paper investigates the socio-political and cultural dynamics surrounding the Sama Bajau ethnic tribe, commonly referred to as "stateless sea gypsies, " residing along the coastlines of the Bangsamoro region in the Philippines. By employing a multidisciplinary approach that encompasses anthropology, sociology, and public administration, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the historical, socio-cultural, and political contexts that contribute to the statelessness of the Sama Bajau community. Drawing on a thorough examination of existing literature, empirical data analysis, and field observations, this research reveals the challenges confronted by the Sama Bajau, including limited access to essential services, landlessness, marginalization, and the preservation of their cultural heritage. Moreover, it explores the intricate relationship between state policies, local governance structures, and the resilient cultural practices of the Sama Bajau. In light of these findings, this study presents a set of policy recommendations aimed at addressing the plight of the Sama Bajau tribe. These proposals advocate for the recognition of their rights to cultural identity and land, the provision of basic social services, and the implementation of inclusive strategies to enhance their active involvement in decision-making processes. |
| Keywords: | stateless sea gypsies, Sama Bajau, Bangsamoro, Philippines, statelessness, ethnic tribe, cultural resilience, governance. |
| JEL: | I31 I38 O2 O5 O50 Q0 Q00 Q01 Q5 Q51 Q54 Q56 Q57 Q58 R2 R23 Y8 Y9 Z0 Z00 Z1 Z13 Z18 |
| Date: | 2023–05–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:117900&r=env |
| By: | Daniel H. Cooper; Barry Z. Cynamon; Steven Fazzari |
| Abstract: | This paper develops a comprehensive measure of household economic well-being. The “sustainable consumption” concept accounts for income, assets, debt, transfer payments, and asset returns to estimate a consumption path that balances resources with expenditure over a household’s lifetime. Calculating sustainable consumption using Panel Study of Income Dynamics data demonstrates that it acts as an anchor for actual household spending. Results show that following a period of rapid growth from the mid-1980s to the early 2000s, sustainable consumption stagnated on average. In the aftermath of the Great Recession, the decline in sustainable consumption exceeded the fall in actual consumption due in part to a decline in real asset returns. Decomposing sustainable consumption reveals the relative importance of different household resources in determining well-being and how these factors evolve over time— insights that would be missed when resources such as income or wealth are considered separately. Taxable income supports the majority of sustainable consumption; however, as a share of households’ lifetime resources, taxable income has decreased on average while the Social Security share has grown. |
| Keywords: | household spending; sustainable consumption; economic well-being |
| JEL: | E21 I31 |
| Date: | 2023–07–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedbwp:96529&r=env |
| By: | Yermone Sargsyan (Charles University, Institute of Economic Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic); Salim Turdaliev (Charles University, Institute of Economic Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic); Silvester van Koten (UJEP, Faculty of Social and Economic Studies, Usti nad Labem & CERGE-EI Prague, Czech Republic) |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the effectiveness of "nudges" through monthly peer comparison reports on household energy consumption in Yerevan, Armenia. We collected data from 300 households for a total of 8 months. While monthly peer comparison reports show no significant effect on energy consumption, we find strong and statistically significant heterogeneous treatment effects. Specifically, we find that households utilizing electricity as their primary heating source, households where the respondent is an educated female, and households with respondents aged 56 and above experienced a decrease in electricity usage as a result of the peer comparison reports. Moreover, we discover that high electricity consumers reduce their consumption significantly after receiving the reports. However, we also observe a small "boomerang" effect, whereby households in the lower quartile of electricity consumption slightly increase their usage in response to the reports. Furthermore, we find that the bulk of the reduction in electricity consumption comes from daytime consumption when the marginal cost of electricity is higher. Additionally, we explore the heterogeneous treatment effects of nudges on the investment in the physical stock of appliances. |
| Keywords: | demand side management, nudges, household energy consumption, peer comparison, developing country, heterogeneous treatment effects, electrical appliances |
| JEL: | Q4 Q53 Q48 Q58 C93 |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fau:wpaper:wp2023_23&r=env |
| By: | Lucie Sirieix (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Gilles Séré de Lanauze (MRM - Montpellier Research in Management - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - UM - Université de Montpellier); Margot Dyen (IREGE - Institut de Recherche en Gestion et en Economie - USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] - Université Savoie Mont Blanc); Laurie Balbo (EESC-GEM Grenoble Ecole de Management); Erick Suarez (MRM - Montpellier Research in Management - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | The recognition of the necessity to reduce meat consumption in affluent nations is now widely acknowledged. A large body of literature examines the personal factors that lead to meat reduction or avoidance, including the motivations and profiles of individuals. While excluding meat consumption from ones' diet alone could be challenging, surprisingly, literature has sparsely examined the role of communities supporting this process, which includes both practices and convictions. This research seeks to make up for that and aims to investigate the impact of communities (both imagined and real) on the construction of vegetarian and vegan identities. To this end, nineteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with non-meat eaters, ten of whom underwent follow-up interviews. The analyses conducted focused on their practices, convictions, and interactions within communities. The findings revealed two major points: firstly, practices and convictions develop simultaneously and in relation to various types of communities; secondly, identity is constructed through both affiliation and differentiation processes. These findings offer strong theoretical and practical implications by contributing to the understanding of the impact of community-driven value-based identity built on conviction-based consumption practices. For brands, retailers and public policy makers, this research provides practical recommendations for promoting meat-free diets, not only through making information available but also by using the co-evolution of practice and convictions as leverage, and by empowering communities in the process. |
| Keywords: | Identity, Food marketing, Communities, Identity project, Vegetarian practices, Vegan Practices |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04150922&r=env |
| By: | Maihold, Günther; Zilla, Claudia |
| Abstract: | Europe is committed to revitalising its relations with Latin America and the Caribbean. This is evidenced by the numerous high-level visits from Germany and the EU to Latin American countries since the beginning of the year. In early June, the European Commission presented a "new agenda" for exchange with the region, and last month the German Bundestag's SPD parliamentary group released a position paper on the ways and reasons to strengthen the partnership. Slated to take place in July, the upcoming summit between the EU and the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) is expected to give new impetus to bi-regional relations. However, in order for such expressions of interest to be translated into a substantive reboot of the relationship, jointly developed initiatives will be needed. Such endeavours will need to account for and address changes in the triangular relationship between democracy, sustainable development and global governance. |
| Keywords: | Europe, EU, Latin America, Caribbean, CELAC, LAC, Mercosur, preservation of democracy, sustainable development, global governance |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpcom:352023&r=env |
| By: | Sule Alan (European University Institute); Gözde Corekcioglu (Kadir Has University); Mustafa Kaba (Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods); Matthias Sutter (Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, University of Cologne, University of Innsbruck) |
| Abstract: | Using data from over 2, 000 professionals in 24 large corporations, we show that female leaders shape the relational culture in the workplace differently than male leaders. Males form homophilic professional ties under male leadership, but female leadership disrupts this pattern, creating a less segregated workplace. Female leaders are more likely to establish professional support links with their subordinates. Under female leadership, female employees are less likely to quit their jobs but no more likely to get promoted. Our results suggest that increasing female presence in leadership positions may be an effective way to mitigate toxic relational culture in the workplace. |
| Keywords: | female leadership; workplace climate; social networks |
| JEL: | C93 J16 M14 |
| Date: | 2023–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ajk:ajkdps:249&r=env |
| By: | Masagca, Macario B. Jr. |
| Abstract: | This policy brief is based on a study supported by the World Bank through the Department of Agriculture’s Philippine Rural Development Project (PRDP). The study entitled “Study on Pest and Diseases of Calamansi: Paving Ways for the Sustainability of Calamansi in Oriental Mindoro” is a one-year project that aims to help accelerate the institutionalization of mechanism that will sustain the production of disease-free calamansi products in Oriental Mindoro and to help advance the province’s reputation in the national calamansi market as prime producer and supplier of this product. Relevant activities in this study include field surveys, farmers' interviews, software development, greenhouse and scion grove establishment, and pest clinic via the web forum. This policy brief focuses on the (1) status of calamansi pests and diseases infestation in Oriental Mindoro; (2) the capacity of the farmers to address the calamansi pests and diseases problem; and (3) policy recommendations to address the calamansi pests and diseases problem and protect the calamansi industry of Oriental Mindoro. |
| Date: | 2023–07–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:6zwhb&r=env |
| By: | Farah Hilali (Université Mohammed V de Rabat. Faculté des Sciences Juridiques, Economiques et Sociales, Souissi); Hicham Elyousfi (Université Mohammed V de Rabat. Faculté des Sciences Juridiques, Economiques et Sociales, Souissi) |
| Abstract: | The Special Commission on the Development Model (SCDM) officially revealed its report in May 2021, outlining both the Kingdom's socio-economic situation, and the major strategic inflections and concepts to be adopted to rebuild a new Morocco by the year 2035. With a view to realizing the essential aspirations of the New Development Model (NDM), the SCDM has identified four transformation priority area for building a flourishing and equitable nation. Through its fourth transformation priority area, the NDM has made the territory the foundation on which public policies are deployed. Decidedly, to ensure to ensure the implementation of the NDM, the SCDM emphasized the need to modernize the territorial governance model, and called for the promotion of the principles of digital inclusion. This article aims to explore how, in this era marked by a profound digital transition, we could use innovative territorial governance in order to achieve the recommendations of the fourth transformation priority area of the NDM. To this end, we have adopted a hypothetico-deductive approach based on bibliographical references. Thanks to this approach, we were able to decipher how the combination of the two concepts of territorial governance and digital technology enables the establishment of innovative territorial governance. The conclusions drawn from our analysis revealed the key role by the deployment of this combination, which is essential for implementing the objectives of the NDM. |
| Abstract: | La Commission Spéciale sur le Modèle de Développement (CSMD) a révélé officiellement son rapport en mai 2021, dressant d'une part la situation socio-économique du Royaume, et d'autre part exposant les grandes inflexions stratégiques et les concepts à adopter pour reconstruire un Maroc nouveau à l'horizon de l'année 2035. Dans le but de réaliser les aspirations essentielles du Nouveau Modèle de Développement (NMD), la CSMD a identifié quatre « axes de transformation » déterminants pour bâtir une nation florissante et équitable. A travers son quatrième axe de transformation, le NMD a fait du territoire le socle où se déploient les politiques publiques. Décidément, pour assurer sa mise en œuvre, la CSMD a mis le point sur la nécessité de moderniser le modèle de la gouvernance des territoires, et elle a sollicité la promotion des principes de l'inclusion numérique. Cet article vise à explorer, comment dans cette ère marquée par une transition numérique profonde, on pourrait avoir recours à une gouvernance territoriale innovante afin de réussir les recommandations du quatrième axe de transformation du NMD. Pour ce, nous avons adopté une approche hypothético-déductive en nous appuyant sur des références bibliographiques. Grâce à cette approche, nous avons été en mesure de décortiquer de quelle manière la combinaison entre les deux concepts celui de la gouvernance territoriale et celui du numérique, permet l'instauration d'une gouvernance territoriale innovante. Les conclusions tirées de notre analyse ont révélé le rôle primordial de la mise en œuvre de ladite combinaison qui s'avère indispensable pour l'implémentation des objectifs du NMD. |
| Keywords: | Governance, territorial governance, digital, new development model., Gouvernance, gouvernance territoriale, numérique, nouveau modèle de développement. |
| Date: | 2023–06–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04147916&r=env |
| By: | Mohamed TAHROUCH (ENCGT - Ecole Nationale de Commerce et de Gestion de Tanger - UAE - Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi); Tayeb OUAZZANI CHAHDI (ENCGT - Ecole Nationale de Commerce et de Gestion de Tanger - UAE - Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, UEMF - Université Euro Méditerranéenne de Fès) |
| Abstract: | This article provides a review of the scientific literature dedicated to Management Control and Performance in the context of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It first recalls the field of management control and its dominant schools of thought, and takes stock of its practice over the decades. It then sheds light on the research conducted in the context of SMEs and focuses particularly on the contingency factors that prevail in management control practices for this category of companies. The article naturally emphasizes the notion of firm performance and its significant place in the management sciences literature. The fundamental models from the 1970s to the 1990s that attempt to explain or define its terms. The contemporary models from the 2000s, are mentioned, highlighting their evolution. The shift from a purely commercial and financial approach to a more comprehensive approach, integrating social and environmental aspects of the company, is widly described. Finally, the article addresses the question of performance management in the SME context and the role attributed to prospective dashboards in this management. |
| Abstract: | Cet article propose une revue de littérature scientifique consacrée au contrôle de gestion (CG) et à la performance dans le contexte de la petite et moyenne entreprise. Il rappelle d'abord le champ du contrôle de gestion et ses écoles de pensée dominantes et fait le point sur l'évolution de sa pratique, au fil des décennies. Il jette ensuite la lumière sur les travaux menés dans le contexte de la PME et s'intéresse particulièrement aux facteurs de contingence qui prévalent dans la pratique du contrôle de gestion, pour cette catégorie d'entreprises. L'article met tout naturellement l'accent sur la notion de performance de l'entreprise et sa place majeure dans la littérature en sciences de gestion. Les modèles fondamentaux des années 70 à 90 tentant à l'expliquer ou à en définir les termes. Les modèles contemporains des années 2000 y sont rappelés et leur évolution mise en évidence. Le passage d'une approche purement commerciale et financière vers une approche plus globale, intégrant notamment les aspects sociaux et environnementaux de l'entreprise est largement décrit. L'article aborde enfin la question du pilotage de la performance dans le contexte PME et le rôle attribué aux tableaux de bord prospectifs dans ce pilotage. |
| Keywords: | Management control, Perfomance, SME, Dashboard, Morocco, Contrôle de gestion, Performance, PME, Tableau de Bord, Maroc |
| Date: | 2023–07–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04162636&r=env |
| By: | Karel Janda (Institute of Economic Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic & Department of Banking and Insurance, Faculty of Finance and Accounting, Prague University of Economics and Business, Prague, Czech Republic); Barbora Schererova (Faculty of Finance and Accounting, Prague University of Economics and Business, Czech Republic); Jan Sila (Institute of Economic Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic); David Zilberman (Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Rausser College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, USA) |
| Abstract: | We analyze the relationships within the liquid fuels system and its associated supply chain using innovative network filtering methods, namely the Minimum Spanning Tree and Triangulated Maximally Filtered Graph. Our findings reveal that biofuels form robust connections with their feedstocks that intensify during periods of economic or legislative uncertainty. Conversely, fossil fuels form detached clusters primarily influenced by global economic conditions. These insights significantly enhance our understanding of the liquid fuels market dynamics and suggest potential avenues for integrating additional liquid fuels into the supply chain network. |
| Keywords: | fossil fuels, biofuels, crude oil, complex network analysis, community detection, triangulated maximally filtered graph, minimum spanning tree, relationship analysis |
| JEL: | C38 Q41 Q55 |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fau:wpaper:wp2023_22&r=env |
| By: | Pimpertz, Jochen; Stockhausen, Maximilian |
| Abstract: | Eine höhere Beitragsbemessungsgrenze soll die Finanzen der Gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung (GKV) nachhaltig stabilisieren. Begründet wird dies unter anderem mit einer gerechteren Verteilung der Beitragslast. Das gelänge auch bei einem entsprechend niedrigeren Beitragssatz. Tatsächlich geht es aber wohl eher darum, zusätzliche Einnahmen zu erzielen. Das würde aber nicht nur die Besserverdienenden belasten, sondern auch deren Arbeitgeber. Doch gelänge damit weder eine nachhaltige Finanzierung, noch ließe sich das Ausgabenwachstum disziplinieren. |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iwkkur:392023&r=env |
| By: | Rahal, Imen |
| Abstract: | La gestion des stocks des produits laitiers est un défi en raison de sa nature périssable. Le succès de nombreuses entreprises est lié à leur capacité à fournir des biens et des services au bon moment et au bon endroit. Différentes organisations adoptent différentes méthodes de gestion des stocks pour éviter les ruptures de stock et les surstocks. Cet article analyse les paramètres possibles de la littérature existante, la concentration, la description des caractéristiques et du modèle de contrôle des stocks EOQ qui ont été développés et qui peuvent résoudre le problème des produits périssables. |
| Keywords: | produits périssables, gestion des stocks, EOQ |
| JEL: | C2 C6 |
| Date: | 2023–01–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:118193&r=env |