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on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Ugo Panizza; Martina Hengge; Mr. Richard Varghese |
| Abstract: | Understanding the impact of climate mitigation policies is key to designing effective carbon pricing tools. We use institutional features of the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) and high-frequency data on more than 2, 000 publicly listed European firms over 2011-21 to study the impact of carbon policies on stock returns. After extracting the surprise component of regulatory actions, we show that events resulting in higher carbon prices lead to negative abnormal returns which increase with a firm's carbon intensity. This negative relationship is even stronger for firms in sectors which do not participate in the EU ETS suggesting that investors price in transition risk stemming from the shift towards a low-carbon economy. We conclude that policies which increase carbon prices are effective in raising the cost of capital for emission-intensive firms. |
| Keywords: | Carbon Emissions; Carbon Prices: Climate Change; Transition Risk; Stock Returns; carbon Policy surprise; investors price; carbon intensity; climate mitigation policy; EU ETS; Greenhouse gas emissions; Stocks; Asset prices; Climate change; Europe; Global |
| Date: | 2023–01–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2023/013&r=env |
| By: | Yusifzada, Tural |
| Abstract: | This research is the first study that analyzes the effects of climate change-related factors on the inflation environment in Azerbaijan during 2005-2020 and forecasts annual inflation for the 2021-2030 period. For this purpose, considering the possible long-run cointegration relation among variables and limited historical observations, the chain impact of temperature on agricultural producer prices is analyzed through the BVAR model. Additionally, the transition requirements to the effects of green energy on inflation are examined through the exchange rate pass-through. Since the aim of the research is to reveal climate change’s impact on the long-run trend of inflation, the study generates two climate scenarios for the 2021-2030 period and analyzes the inflation difference at the end of the horizon. According to the model results, climate change’s contribution to inflation is expected to be 1.3 percentage points (pp) in the long run with the baseline scenario, where climate-related variables follow their historical trends. On the other hand, climate contribution to inflation is estimated to be 2.2 pp in the worst scenario of climate change, where 1.2 °C additional temperature anomaly deteriorates the trends. The results imply that climate change is not only the determinant of seasonality but the trend of inflation. In light of these results, the paper highlights the importance of a well-developed climate action plan set by the government and monetary incentives for transitioning to a green environment set by the Central Bank of the Republic of Azerbaijan. This research is the first study that analyzes the effects of climate change-related factors on the inflation environment in Azerbaijan during 2005-2020 and forecasts annual inflation for the 2021-2030 period. For this purpose, considering the possible long-run cointegration relation among variables and limited historical observations, the chain impact of temperature on agricultural producer prices is analyzed through the BVAR model. Additionally, the transition requirements to the effects of green energy on inflation are examined through the exchange rate pass-through. Since the aim of the research is to reveal climate change’s impact on the long-run trend of inflation, the study generates two climate scenarios for the 2021-2030 period and analyzes the inflation difference at the end of the horizon. According to the model results, climate change’s contribution to inflation is expected to be 1.3 percentage points (pp) in the long run with the baseline scenario, where climate-related variables follow their historical trends. On the other hand, climate contribution to inflation is estimated to be 2.2 pp in the worst scenario of climate change, where 1.2 °C additional temperature anomaly deteriorates the trends. The results imply that climate change is not only the determinant of seasonality but the trend of inflation. In light of these results, the paper highlights the importance of a well-developed climate action plan set by the government and monetary incentives for transitioning to a green environment set by the Central Bank of the Republic of Azerbaijan. |
| Keywords: | inflation, climate, fossil fuel, green energy, BVAR, forecasting |
| JEL: | C32 E31 E37 E58 Q54 |
| Date: | 2022–04–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:116522&r=env |
| By: | Andreas G. F. Hoepner (Smurfit Graduate Business School, University College Dublin; European Commission's Platform on Sustainable Finance); Johannes Klausmann (ESSEC Business School); Markus Leippold (University of Zurich; Swiss Finance Institute); Jordy Rillaerts (University of Zurich - Department of Banking and Finance; Swiss Finance Institute) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the impact of the EU Taxonomy's non-climate environmental criteria on the corporate credit risk term structure. We focus on infrastructure firm-level credit risk transmitted through CDS with differential maturities (e.g., ten-year minus one-year) in relation to biodiversity, water risks, and pollution prevention to understand the incentives created by these criteria for green infrastructure investments. Where these criteria describe risks of the environment for the firm (i.e., conventional materiality), we find that firms managing any of these three risks best have up to 93bps better relative long-term refinancing conditions than the worst ones. With respect to the second part of double materiality (i.e., the impact of the firm on the environment), we find statistically significant results only for pollution prevention of up to 70bps. Unexpected political right-wing shocks, such as the Trump election, had reversing effects on biodiversity and pollution prevention but not on water risks. These reversals were evident on the short end of the CDS curve but modest on the long end. Overall, our results suggest that investors appear to credit better management of the environmental criteria beyond climate with improved long-term financing conditions on infrastructure investments. |
| Keywords: | Double materiality, EU Taxonomy, infrastructure, term structure. |
| JEL: | G12 G18 G32 M14 Q52 |
| Date: | 2023–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:chf:rpseri:rp2310&r=env |
| By: | Batabyal, Amitrajeet; Kourtit, Karima; Nijkamp, Peter |
| Abstract: | We provide a theoretical framework to analyze how climate change influences the Ganges and how this influence affects pollution in the river caused by tanneries in Kanpur, India. We focus on two tanneries, A and B, that are situated on the same bank of the Ganges in Kanpur. Both produce leather and leather production requires the use of noxious chemicals. Tannery A is situated upstream from tannery B. Tannery A's leather production depends on labor use but tannery B's leather production depends on labor use, the chemical waste generated by tannery A, and the natural pollution absorbing capacity of the Ganges. In this setting, we perform four tasks. First, we construct a metric that measures the climate change induced mean reduction in the natural capacity of the Ganges to absorb pollution in the time interval [0, t]. Second, we use this metric and determine the equilibrium production of leather by both tanneries in the benchmark case in which there is no pollution. Third, we ascertain how the benchmark equilibrium is altered when tannery B accounts for the negative externality foisted upon it by tannery A. Finally, we study the impact on leather production and on labor use when the two tanneries merge and then discuss the policy implications stemming from our research. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Ganges River, Tannery, Unitization, Water Pollution |
| JEL: | Q25 Q54 |
| Date: | 2022–09–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:116453&r=env |
| By: | Sarpong, D. B.; Mabhaudhi, Tafadzwanashe (International Water Management Institute); Minh, Thai (International Water Management Institute); Cofie, Olufunke (International Water Management Institute) |
| Keywords: | Cocoa industry; Irrigated farming; Sustainability; Financing; Agricultural sector; Forest ecosystems; Ecosystem conservation; Stakeholders; Farmer-led irrigation; Smallholders |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h051654&r=env |
| By: | Urfels, A.; Khadka, Manohara (International Water Management Institute); Shrestha, Nirman (International Water Management Institute); Pavelic, Paul (International Water Management Institute); Risal, A.; Uprety, Labisha (International Water Management Institute); Shrestha, Gitta (International Water Management Institute); Dile, Y.; McDonald, A. J.; Pandey, V. P.; Srinivasan, R.; Krupnik, T. J. |
| Keywords: | Irrigation management; Sustainability; Social inclusion; Frameworks; Water resources; Watersheds; Groundwater management; Groundwater recharge; Surface water; Irrigation water; Farmer-led irrigation; Agricultural value chains; Crop yield; Investment; Multi-stakeholder processes; Gender equality; Socioeconomic environment; Technology; Climate change; Food security; Resilience; Policies; Governance; Capacity development; Modelling; Case studies |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h051550&r=env |
| By: | Quang-Loc, Nguyen; Nguyen, Minh-Hoang; La, Viet-Phuong; Bhatti, Muhammad Ishaq Professor (S P Jain School of Global Management); Vuong, Quan-Hoang |
| Abstract: | Climate change poses manifold consequences to human well-being as well as ecosystems. One of the most widely accepted measures to mitigate climate risks is at the firm level, aiming to reduce carbon dioxide and innovate climate-friendly technology. However, doing so requires comprehensive factors, including legislation, the company’s strategy, and finance. Using the Bayesian Mindsponge Framework (MBF) for analyzing 178 enterprises listed in S&P 500 companies from 2016 to 2021, the current study examined how their climate risk mitigation efforts can affect their stock price. We found that emitted carbon dioxide negatively affects the stock price. In contrast, the income and mitigating strategies, including producing eco-friendly products, using renewable energy, and environmental expenditures investments, are positively associated with the increase in share value. However, the mitigation efforts are conditional on the income of the company. The results indicate that investors expect corporations to transform financial capital from the stock market into bankable, climate-resilient projects. Based on these findings, we suggest that building an eco-surplus culture by stimulating climate change knowledge can be a promising approach to promoting a corporation’s mitigation efforts. |
| Date: | 2023–02–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:gqypk&r=env |
| By: | Samaniego, Joseluis; Lorenzo, Santiago; Rondón Toro, Estefani; Krieger Merico, Luiz F.; Herrera Jiménez, Juan; Rouse, Paul; Harrison, Nicholas |
| Abstract: | En un contexto de alta vulnerabilidad y tres crisis que afectan de manera simultánea a América Latina y el Caribe, es necesaria una transformación de los modelos de desarrollo en la región que conduzca hacia una transición sostenible. En ese proceso, las políticas nacionales y locales deben ser capaces de aprovechar al máximo el potencial de la acción climática, a través de la adopción de nuevas tecnologías, la innovación, la reorganización productiva y la identificación de sinergias. Por esta razón, las soluciones basadas en la naturaleza y las medidas y tecnologías de remoción de dióxido de carbono cobran especial relevancia para contribuir al cumplimiento de las metas climáticas. En el presente documento, se examinan las oportunidades y los retos de la implementación a gran escala de estas medidas en la región, haciendo hincapié en la necesidad de acelerar los esfuerzos ya realizados, ampliar la frontera de investigación y gestionar los riesgos. Los resultados permiten reconocer las limitaciones existentes y los vínculos entre objetivos, políticas y herramientas, así como los cobeneficios que conlleva la implementación de dichas medidas. |
| Keywords: | MEDIO AMBIENTE, DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE, ANHIDRIDO CARBONICO, PROTECCION AMBIENTAL, EMISIONES DE GASES DE EFECTO INVERNADERO, INNOVACIONES TECNOLOGICAS, SUELOS, DESERTIFICACION, DEFORESTACION, POLITICA AMBIENTAL, ESTUDIOS DE CASOS, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, CARBON DIOXIDE, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS, SOILS, DESERTIFICATION, DEFORESTATION, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, CASE STUDIES |
| Date: | 2022–12–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:48615&r=env |
| By: | Carozzi, Felipe; Roth, Sefi |
| Abstract: | We study the effect of urban density on the exposure of city dwellers to air pollution using data from the United States urban system. Exploiting geological features to instrument for density, we find an economically and statistically significant pollution-density elasticity of 0.14. We assess the health implications of these estimates and find that increased density in an average city leads to sizeable mortality costs. Our findings highlight the possible trade-off between reducing global greenhouse gas emissions, which is associated with denser cities according to prior empirical research, and preserving local air quality and human health within cities. |
| Keywords: | air pollutiuon; cities; density; health; UK Cities’ seed fund |
| JEL: | Q53 R11 |
| Date: | 2023–03–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:117385&r=env |
| By: | Sobratee-Fajurally, N. (International Water Management Institute); Mabhaudhi, Tafadzwanashe (International Water Management Institute) |
| Keywords: | Landscape conservation; Sustainability; Inclusion; Resilience; Planning; Livelihoods; Water resources; Energy; Food systems; Nexus approaches; Participatory approaches; Natural resources; Governance; Youth; Women; Decision support systems |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h051652&r=env |
| By: | Taguchi, Hiroyuki; Fujino, Takeshi; Asada, Hidekatsu; Ma, Jui-Jun |
| Abstract: | This study, focusing on the water pollutions in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen by industrial and household discharges in Chinese provinces, investigates the contribution of capacity shortage for pollution control to the provincial pollution levels, by conducting a factor analysis to the heterogeneity of provincial pollutions under the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) framework. The study’s contribution to the literature lies in its framework of analyzing the heterogeneity of Chinese provinces’ EKCs in terms of their positions (not their shapes) by using a fixed-effect model to extract the province-specific pollution effects. The main finding of this study is that the capacity shortage for pollution control accounts for around 30% as a pollution factor of industrial COD and ammonia nitrogen, and accounts for around 60% and 80% as a pollution factor of household COD and ammonia nitrogen, respectively. It suggests that China has still much policy space and room to mitigate the water pollutions, by building the capacity for pollution control through developing human resources and training them. |
| Keywords: | water pollutions, pollution-control capacity, Chinese provinces, chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen, environmental Kuznets curve |
| JEL: | O53 Q53 Q58 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:116468&r=env |
| By: | Mishra, Mukesh Kumar |
| Abstract: | Over the past decades, there has been increasing competition for the available water resources and increasing water pollution. Consequently, water shortages, water quality degradation, and destruction of the aquatic ecosystem are seriously affecting prospects for economic and social development, political stability, as well as ecosystem integrity. In developing countries, scarcity and degradation of water resources may have a severely limiting impact on development options, especially for poor people. In order to meet basic human and ecological needs and services, societies need to address and solve several serious water challenges and must come to terms with dwindling water resources, their uneven geographic and seasonal distribution, and an inadequate and inequitable allocation of water services. Poor resource management, corruption, inappropriate institutional arrangements, bureaucratic inertia, insufficient human capacity, and shortages of finances for investments also undermine the effective governance of water in many places. These are also the challenges to be addressed by governance reforms. There is general agreement that improvements to water governance are a necessary part of the solution to the specific challenges that fall within this nexus of water ecosystem management and poverty reduction within the context of climate change. The objective of this paper is to contribute to integrated, participatory governance processes and a sense of urgency around the need to reclaim and rejuvenate water bodies in more effective ways to ensure the sustainable and equitable use of water resources and to expand the delivery of clean water supply and sanitation services to all, which will help the effort of the impact under "Jal-Jeevan-Hariyali Abhiyan." |
| Keywords: | Water Governance, Integrated water management |
| JEL: | Q25 Q2 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:268739&r=env |
| By: | Atampugre, Gerald (International Water Management Institute); Mensah, E.; Mabhaudhi, Tafadzwanashe (International Water Management Institute); Cofie, Olufunke (International Water Management Institute) |
| Keywords: | Landscape approaches; Social aspects; Ecological factors; Sustainability; Frameworks; Biodiversity; Ecosystem services; Agroecology; Livelihoods |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h051655&r=env |
| By: | Krüger, Jens; Tarach, Moritz |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dar:wpaper:136458&r=env |
| By: | Katarzyna Kania; Joanna Wegrzyn |
| Abstract: | In the face of ongoing climate change, increasing importance is being attached to the implementation of sustainable development principles. The construction sector has been identified as one of the key sectors in terms of its potential contribution to achieving environmental goals.In Poland, the number of residential buildings with environmental certificates (BREEAM, LEED) is small, and particular technological solutions are more often the part of activities referred to as "greenwashing". The market situation in Poland makes it unnecessary for developers to strive for customers who care about the characteristics of green properties, because there is no external pressure on market development in such terms. Therefore, developers do not mobilize to scope out the needs of potential customers for sustainable housing. The aim of the research is to check the level of awareness among potential apartment buyers. The research is a part of a larger project that aims to identify the importance of sustainability in housing among stakeholders such as residents, developers, managers and local authorities. |
| Keywords: | housing preferences; housing stakeholders; real estate; Sustainable Housing |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2022–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:2022_189&r=env |
| By: | Marie-Pierre Philippe-Dussine (CEREFIGE - Centre Européen de Recherche en Economie Financière et Gestion des Entreprises - UL - Université de Lorraine) |
| Abstract: | Land use is a major aspect of sustainable development, as it determines the production of ecosystem services. However, among the various uses, soil sealing is of particular concern, as it is the most dangerous land degradation process. It threatens our food security, water and air quality, climate regulation and biodiversity but it keeps on developing despite many public policies. This article considers soils as common goods and aims to examine how public action or market tools can be complemented by the mobilisation of several levels of public and private actors around a polycentric equilibrium. But, because of a frequent lack of shared vision about soil sealing, this equilibrium requires to make social norms evolve in favour of enhancing old buildings rather than using new soils. This requires creativity and a stakeholders engagement: a social innovation whose conditions this article is trying to specify. |
| Keywords: | Behavioural Economics Creativity Social Innovation Information Institutional Change Land Use Polycentric Equilibrium Soils Sealing Sustainable Development, Behavioural Economics, Creativity, Social Innovation, Information, Institutional Change, Land Use, Polycentric Equilibrium, Soils Sealing, Sustainable Development |
| Date: | 2022–03–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03969209&r=env |
| By: | Georgia Warren-Myers |
| Abstract: | Anticipated climate change impacts on the real estate sector has the potential for devastating value implications, in both the short and long term. Businesses, organisations, governments, and real estate owners and occupiers are currently tackling a changing policy environment relating to emissions reporting. In addition, a greater understanding of a range of climate change risks and the exposure of assets to a raft of risks is seeing an altering in assessment and action to future proof their businesses and assets. Valuers, in their pivotal role of evaluating real estate markets and assessing market values will need to consider how this changing environment, shifting understanding of traditional risk considerations and how policy and climate and transitional risks are incorporated into valuation practice. This paper presents current valuation practice challenges identified in valuing real estate and consideration of sustainability, emissions and climate change risks. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change; Risks; sustainability; Valuation |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2022–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:2022_47&r=env |
| By: | Andrea Bacchiocchi (Department of Economics, Society & Politics, Università di Urbino Carlo Bo); Sebastian Ille (Northeastern University London); Germana Giombini (Department of Economics, Society & Politics, Università di Urbino Carlo Bo) |
| Abstract: | The monetary policy operations of a Central Bank (CB) involve allocation decisions when purchasing assets and taking collateral. A green monetary policy aims to steer or tilt the allocation of assets and collateral towards low-carbon industries, to reduce the cost of capital for these sectors in comparison to high-carbon ones. Starting from a corporate bonds purchase program (e.g. CSPP) that follows a carbon-neutral monetary policy, we analyze how a shift in the CB portfolio allocation towards bonds issued by low-carbon companies can favor green firms in the market. Relying on optimal portfolio theory, we study how the CB might include the risk related to the environmental sustainability of firms in its balance sheet. In addition, we analyze the interactions between the neutral or green CB re-balancing policy and the evolutionary choice (i.e. by means of expo- nential replicator dynamics) of a population of firms that can decide to be green or not according to bonds borrowing cost. |
| Keywords: | Monetary Policy; Optimal Portfolio Allocation; Environmental Economics; Interacting Agents; Evolutionary Dynamics |
| JEL: | E52 E58 G11 C61 C73 Q50 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:urb:wpaper:23_01&r=env |
| By: | Buccella, Domenico; Fanti, Luciano; Gori, Luca |
| Abstract: | In a three-country model in which export countries adopt environmental policies, this note analyses how abatement ("green") subsidy can become a potential strategic trade policy tool. When governments set the optimal policy tool considering their local environmental damages, a rich set of equilibria arise. In contrast to the standard result, it is shown that subsidising pollution abatement can 1) emerge as a Pareto-efficient equilibrium of the game; and 2) be the only feasible environmental policy when environmental awareness is low, irrespective of the technological efficiency. Therefore, "green" subsidies can lead to a win-win situation. |
| Keywords: | Abatement subsidy, Exports, International duopoly |
| JEL: | H23 F13 L13 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1240&r=env |
| By: | Gianluca Valeri; Massimo Biasin; Emanuela Giacomini |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this paper is to try to understand if investments in the "green" lead to benefits for real estate investors and therefore if these benefits outweigh the costs. Therefore, attention was paid (i) to the classification and numerosity census of real estate (RE) investments screening for environmental, social and governance (ESG) criteria based, within the ESG-framework, on their compliance score with environmental factors; (ii) to the effect that green property criteria have on the property value and expected yield considering implied risk. The survey of “green” RE investments and their performance characteristics contributes to the analysis of the role of sustainable investments in the strategic asset allocation decisions and portfolio diversification in the context of variance-minimizing investments. The analysis was carried out by comparing sustainable investments made in the EU member countries over the last decade. |
| Keywords: | environmental, social and governance (ESG); green innovation performance; impact investments; RE investment |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2022–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:2022_202&r=env |
| By: | Jaller, Miguel; Otero, Carlos |
| Abstract: | Researchers at the University of California, Davis developed a logistics decision-support tool that facilitates the joint routing of pick-ups and deliveries for cooperating entities to reduce environmental impacts and transport costs. The researchers implemented the tool in several hypothetical case studies to better understand the impact of joint routing and zero-emission vehicle policies on transport companies. The tool quantifies the cost and emissions savings from coordinated operations (pick-up and delivery) by estimating reduced fleet requirements and improved utilization factors. Additionally, the tool can consider the technical specifications (e.g., payload, range) and requirements (e.g., charging/fueling) of zero-emission vehicles. |
| Keywords: | Engineering |
| Date: | 2023–03–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt51f3p8r0&r=env |
| By: | Vázquez, Cristina |
| Abstract: | El transporte constituye un elemento fundamental para el desarrollo de las ciudades. Tanto a nivel mundial como nacional, las urbes destacan por su importancia poblacional y económica. Es reconocido que las ciudades, además de generar externalidades positivas, provocan importantes impactos ambientales. Así, en la búsqueda de soluciones de movilidad urbana, sobre todo relacionadas con el transporte público, es necesario analizar el estado actual de la industria mexicana de autobuses, identificando las ventajas y retos en materia de la fabricación de unidades libres de emisiones. En este estudio se explora la viabilidad de apostar a un transporte público libre de emisiones, así como las implicaciones de un cambio de tal naturaleza para la industria local. Se prevé que esta tendencia sea progresiva y de largo plazo, y se consideran como elementos fundamentales el liderazgo del Gobierno y su coordinación con la industria para la generación de oportunidades locales ante los elevados requerimientos de inversión y financiamiento. |
| Keywords: | CIUDADES, TRANSPORTE URBANO, TRANSPORTE DE PASAJEROS, AUTOBUSES, INNOVACIONES TECNOLOGICAS, TRANSPORTE SOSTENIBLE, DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE, CITIES, MEDIO AMBIENTE, LUCHA CONTRA LA CONTAMINACION, EMISIONES DE GASES DE EFECTO INVERNADERO, CITIES, URBAN TRANSPORT, PASSENGER TRANSPORT, BUSES, TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS, SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENT, POLLUTION CONTROL, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS |
| Date: | 2022–12–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:48638&r=env |
| By: | Taron, Avinandan (International Water Management Institute); Muthuswamy, S.; Gebrezgabher, Solomie (International Water Management Institute); Malviya, T. |
| Keywords: | Circular economy; Bioeconomy; Investment; Climate; Assessment; Institutions; Policies; Regulations; Financial analysis; Resource recovery; Reuse; Business models; Markets |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h051640&r=env |
| By: | Hagos, Fitsum (International Water Management Institute); Gebrezgabher, Solomie (International Water Management Institute); Taron, Avinandan (International Water Management Institute); Odero, J. |
| Keywords: | Circular economy; Bioeconomy; Climate; Assessment; Policies; Strategies; Regulations; Financing; Infrastructure; Waste management; Business models; Resource recovery; Reuse; Stakeholders; Institutions; Funding; Markets; Gender equity |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h051641&r=env |
| By: | Quiroga Barrera Oro, Martín J. |
| Abstract: | Las ciudades son las principales responsables de las emisiones de gases y el transporte es uno de los sectores de mayor incidencia. Ante este escenario, la electrificación de vehículos se presenta como una oportunidad para reducir dichas emisiones y mejorar la calidad de vida en los entornos urbanos y de sus habitantes. Asimismo, puede favorecer la recuperación económica, generar importantes ahorros, crear nuevos puestos de trabajo y contribuir al logro de los objetivos de la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible y el Acuerdo de París, entre otros compromisos. En este estudio se recuperan algunas experiencias de pruebas piloto de unidades eléctricas en la Argentina y se ofrece un análisis del sector automotor del país, que abastece a la totalidad del mercado de autobuses urbanos. Además, se identifican tanto barreras y desafíos como elementos posibilitadores y oportunidades para expandir la producción de tecnologías más inocuas para el medio ambiente. También se discute la viabilidad de la actualización y se delinean posibles escenarios de renovación de la flota urbana. Por último, se recomiendan una serie de propuestas de políticas públicas e iniciativas que estimulen el desarrollo del sector productivo y la transición hacia una movilidad urbana más sostenible. |
| Keywords: | CIUDADES, TRANSPORTE URBANO, TRANSPORTE DE PASAJEROS, AUTOBUSES, INNOVACIONES TECNOLOGICAS, DESARROLLO INDUSTRIAL, ENERGIA ELECTRICA, TRANSPORTE SOSTENIBLE, AGENDA 2030 PARA EL DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE, COVID-19, PANDEMIAS, LUCHA CONTRA LA CONTAMINACION, EMISIONES DE GASES DE EFECTO INVERNADERO, CITIES, URBAN TRANSPORT, PASSENGER TRANSPORT, BUSES, TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS, INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT, ELECTRIC POWER, SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT, 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, COVID-19, PANDEMICS, POLLUTION CONTROL, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS |
| Date: | 2022–12–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:48637&r=env |
| By: | Gebrezgabher, Solomie (International Water Management Institute); Taron, Avinandan (International Water Management Institute); Odero, J.; Sanfo, S.; Ouedraogo, Ramata (International Water Management Institute); Salack, S.; Diarra, K.; Ouedraogo, S.; Ojungobi, K. |
| Keywords: | Circular economy; Bioeconomy; Business models; Energy recovery; Agricultural wastes; Biogas; Fertilizers; Resource recovery; Waste management; Public-private partnerships; Markets; Value chains; Technology; Financial analysis; Environmental impact; Health hazards; Case studies |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h051646&r=env |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | Selected Issues |
| Keywords: | green finance landscape; C. power market; market reform; policy initiative; E. Policy implication; Climate finance; Credit; Greenhouse gas emissions; Total factor productivity; Global; Asia and Pacific |
| Date: | 2023–02–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:2023/081&r=env |
| By: | Zhang, Xin (Beijing Normal University); Chen, Xi (Yale University); Zhang, Xiaobo (Peking University) |
| Abstract: | This paper offers one of the first evidence in a developing country context that transitory exposure to high temperatures may disrupt low-stakes cognitive activities across a range of age cohorts. By matching eight years of repeated cognitive tests among all the participants in a nationally representative longitudinal survey in China with weather data according to the exact time and geographic location of their assessment, we show that exposure to a temperature above 32 °C on the test date, relative to a moderate day within 22–24 °C, leads to a sizable decline in their math scores by 0.066 standard deviations (equivalent to 0.23 years of education). Also, the effect on the math test scores becomes more pronounced as people age, especially for males and the less educated. However, the test takers living in hotter regions or those with air conditioning installed on site are less vulnerable to extreme high temperatures, indicating the role of adaptation. |
| Keywords: | cognition, high temperatures, climate change, adaptation, age gradients |
| JEL: | I24 Q54 Q51 D91 J14 J16 |
| Date: | 2023–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp15972&r=env |
| By: | Anouk Levels; Claudia Lambert; Michael Wedow |
| Abstract: | Using nascent euro area green bond markets as an experimental set-up, we are able to show that home bias is a universal phenomenon. Exploiting dynamics around the scarcity of an asset class, we show that investors tend to turn to their domestic market as soon as their home market becomes available. Moreover, investors’ home bias slowly increases further as the domestic market develops, even if these investors have previously acquired sufficient information about the non-domestic market through investing abroad first. Us- ing confidential bond-level holdings data of euro area investors between Q4 2013 and Q3 2021 in combination with green bond labels, we document that home bias in the euro area bond market is currently lower than in conventional bond markets. Green bond home bias increases over time, however, as investors revert back to their home market as soon as (more) green bonds become available domestically. Moreover, banks’ sustainability ambi- tion drives cross-border green bond investments, although the results are heterogeneous across countries and the beneficial impact of banks’ sustainability ambition on green bond home bias dissipates quickly once banks’ domestic green bond market grows. |
| Keywords: | home bias; sustainable finance; financial integration; green bonds; banks; capital markets |
| JEL: | F15 F36 G15 G21 G23 G28 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dnb:dnbwpp:767&r=env |
| By: | Chen, Zhenzhu; Li, Li; Tang, Yao |
| Abstract: | We constructed an Actuary Climate Index to measure extreme weather risks in China. Analyzing macroeconomic data through a structural vector auto-regression model suggests that a negative weather shock leads to persistently low GDP and credit obtained by non-financial firms. In our regression analysis of a panel of firms listed in China, the negative effects of weather shocks on firm level loans were statistically and practically significant. Further analysis suggests that credit risk and expectations are two important impact channels. A high existing credit risk or low confidence among firm managers, amplifies the negative effects of extreme weather on loans. |
| Keywords: | extreme weather shocks, credit risk, expectations, Chinese economy |
| JEL: | E32 E44 G32 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–02–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:116472&r=env |
| By: | Ikpidi Badji (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); France Caillavet (ALISS - Alimentation et sciences sociales - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique); Marie-Josephe Amiot (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Keywords: | Awareness campaign, Pulses purchases, Box-Cox double-hurdle model, Pseudopanel, Nutritional guidelines, Sustainability |
| Date: | 2023–01–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03974613&r=env |
| By: | Magalhães de Oliveira, Gustavo; Sellare, Jorge; Börner, Jan |
| Abstract: | Land users make decisions in an increasingly dynamic environment. Changes in expectations are driven by market and non-market factors, but research on market related drivers of land use change so far dominates in the literature. This paper examines how political discourses affect deforestation rates in the Brazilian Amazon region. Relying on novel data from Twitter, we present the first causal evidence of political discourse on deforestation. Our analysis relies on municipal level monthly panel data for 2019 with alternative remotely sensed measures of forest loss and vegetation fires as outcome variables. The effect of political discourse on these outcomes is identified using a shift-share regression approach. High exposure to laissez-faire political discourses increases forest loss by 2.3-3%, and fires by 2.2%. Our findings are robust across land tenure regimes, varying levels of policy enforcement, and alternative shift-share measures. Moreover, excluding dry season periods from the analysis does not change the main result. Land use in the Brazilian Amazon is highly sensitive to whether, how, and when authorities communicate their will to enforce environmental policy regulations. ‘Walking the talk’ remains imperative to protect the world’s tropical forests, but this study suggests that policy makers must carefully choose their words while walking. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023–03–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:ubzefd:333334&r=env |
| By: | Philippe Quirion (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03921050&r=env |
| By: | Ben Westmore; Alvaro Leandro |
| Abstract: | The American middle class has shrunk in size since 1970 according to most definitions. This “hollowing” out of the United States income distribution could result in disillusionment, diminished political engagement, and declining trust in institutions. The American middle class faces two major challenges, among others. First, child care costs in the United States are high and availability is low. Improving enrolment in child care has the potential to reverse the fall in female labour market participation since the financial crisis and result in improved well-being and economic growth. Public funding for child care programmes should be raised, and programme eligibility should be widened to benefit middle-income parents. Second, the climate transition will entail major changes to middle-class lifestyles. Reductions in US household emissions from housing and transportation will be key to achieving the overall emission reduction targets, and may prove costly. Workers in carbon-intensive sectors of the economy and households living in regions that rely on carbon-intensive activities will be affected as resources shift to greener sectors. A national climate strategy should be developed that explicitly takes into account emissions inequalities and the redistributive effects of climate policies. Active labour market policies will be key to achieving a just transition, and existing home weatherisation programmes should be expanded to cover the middle-class. |
| Keywords: | child care, climate policy, decarbonisation, income distribution, inequality, middle class, political economy, wealth distribution |
| JEL: | E21 E24 P18 Q20 Q43 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–02–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1748-en&r=env |
| By: | Konrad Hedemann; Bing Zhu; Werner Lang |
| Abstract: | Green leases in commercial real estate have gained widespread attention from real estate investors in recent years. As an appendix to the lease contract, a green lease is designed to reduce energy consumption in buildings and ensure compliance with climate targets in their markets. Using a unique database, we study 7, 246 leases in 376 commercial assets to determine whether green leases lead to higher investment returns. Using a propensity score matching method, we find significant green lease premiums on investment returns in commercial assets. A 1% increase in green leases raises the rent by 0.23% and the net asset value by 0.38%, and decreases the operational expenditure ratio by 0.02% on average. The highest premiums were observed in Germany, with increases in rent of 0.40%, and in France, where the net asset value increased by 0.56%. The highest premium on leakage was 0.02%, in Germany, and the highest premium on yield was -0.01% in France. |
| Keywords: | commercial real estate; Green Leases; investment return; Tenant Engagement |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2022–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:2022_127&r=env |
| By: | Mabhaudhi, Tafadzwanashe (International Water Management Institute); Bangira, T.; Sibanda, M.; Cofie, Olufunke (International Water Management Institute) |
| Keywords: | Water availability; Water quality; Monitoring; Irrigation canals; Reservoirs; Water productivity; Precision agriculture; Smallholders; Unmanned aerial vehicles; Imagery; Remote sensing; Floods; Mapping; Water levels; Parameters |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h051656&r=env |
| By: | Rainald Borck; Philipp Schrauth |
| Abstract: | We use worldwide satellite data to analyse how population size and density affect urban pollution. We find that density significantly increases pollution exposure. Looking only at urban areas, we find that population size affects exposure more than density. Moreover, the effect is driven mostly by population commuting to core cities rather than the core city population itself. We analyse heterogeneity by geography and income levels. By and large, the influence of population on pollution is greatest in Asia and middle-income countries. A counterfactual simulation shows that PM2.5 exposure would fall by up to 36% and NO2 exposure up to 53% if within countries population size were equalized across all cities. |
| Keywords: | Population density, air pollution, gridded data |
| JEL: | Q53 R12 |
| Date: | 2022–12–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdp:dpaper:0008&r=env |
| By: | Hönle, Susanna Esther |
| Abstract: | This Thünen Report 103 contains the dissertation "How to successfully develop an ambitious agricultural climate mitigation policy?", written in the course of a PhD-position at the Coordination Unit Climate and Soil from 2016-2022. The thesis was submitted to the Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster to the faculty of Political Science. The oral examination was held on November 21, 2022 by Prof. Doris Fuchs (first supervisor) as well as Prof. Folkhard Isermeyer (second supervisor). The dissertation deals with the development of climate policy goals and programs in the agricultural sector and addresses the question of how the claim of an ambitious national climate policy is implemented. The empirical work is based largely on the analysis of two contrasting cases, Uruguay and Germany. For this purpose, in-depth expert interviews were conducted in both countries in 2019, and the author spent two-months in Montevideo, Uruguay. This visit was funded by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) and supported locally by the Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuario (INIA). For this reason, the paper contains a Spanish abstract in addition to the German and English versions. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023–03–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:jhimwo:330874&r=env |
| By: | Adélaïde Fadhuile (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Daniel Llerena (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Béatrice Roussillon (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: | A demand response program is a promising tool to increase the share of intermittent renewable energy in the electricity production mix. It requires that households adapt their energy consumption to the level of energy production in order to balance the grid, i.e., decrease (increase) their consumption during peak load (peak energy production) event. However, energy conservation efforts suffer from many cognitive biases that impede the optimization of electricity consumption and thus demand flexibility. This article presents a randomized field experiment aimed at introducing demand response with nonmonetary incentives coupled by a set of nudges addressing these cognitive biases. Our results are very encouraging, as demand was successfully decreased by 21% during the peak load event and increased by 17% during the peak energy production event. Our tested nudges are cheap, easy to implement and provide interesting results in demand management programs. |
| Keywords: | Randomized field experiment, Energy conservation, Nudges, Flexibility |
| Date: | 2023–02–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-03977597&r=env |
| By: | Alexander Roth; Wolf-Peter Schill |
| Abstract: | The massive expansion of wind power and solar PV is the primary strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in many countries. Due to their variable generation profiles, power sector flexibility needs to increase. Geographical balancing enabled by electricity grids and temporal flexibility enabled by electricity storage are important options for flexibility. As they interact with each other, we investigate how and why interconnection with neighboring countries reduces storage needs. To do so, we apply a cost-minimizing open-source capacity expansion model to a 100% renewable energy scenario of central Europe. We use a factorization method to disentangle the effect of interconnection on optimal storage through distinct channels: differences in (i) countries’ solar PV and wind power capacity factors, (ii) load profiles, as well as (iii) hydropower and bioenergy capacity. Results show that geographical balancing lowers aggregate storage capacities by around 30% in contrast to a similar system without interconnection. We further find that the differences in wind power profiles between countries explain, on average, around 80% of that effect. Differences in solar PV capacity factors, load profiles, or country-specific capacities of hydropower together explain up to 20%. Our analysis improves the understanding of the benefits of geographical balancing for providing flexibility and its drivers. |
| Keywords: | Variable renewable energy sources, electricity storage, interconnection, numerical optimization, 100% renewable energy |
| JEL: | C61 Q42 Q49 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwwpp:dp2025&r=env |
| By: | Peter Haan; Adrián Santonja; Aleksandar Zaklan |
| Abstract: | We evaluate German purchase subsidies for battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) using data on new vehicle registrations in Germany during 2015-2022. We account for confounding time trends and interacting EU-level CO2 standards using neighboring countries as a control group. The program was cost-ineffective, as only 40% of BEV and 25% of PHEV registrations were subsidy-induced, and had strong distributional effects, with greater uptake in wealthier and greener counties. The implied abatement cost of 870 euro per ton of CO2 for BEVs and 2, 470 euro for PHEVs suggests that subsidies to PHEVs were especially cost-ineffective. |
| Keywords: | Decarbonizing road transport, electric mobility, purchase subsidies, policy effectiveness, distributional effects of climate policy |
| JEL: | Q54 Q58 H23 R48 |
| Date: | 2023–02–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdp:dpaper:0011&r=env |
| By: | Markova-Nenova, Nonka; Engler, Jan O.; Cord, Anna F.; Wätzold, Frank |
| Abstract: | Result-based payments (RBPs) reward land users for conservation outcomes and are a promising alternative to standard payments, which are targeted at specific land use measures. A major barrier to the implementation of RBPs, particularly for the conservation of mobile species, is the substantial monitoring cost. Passive acoustic monitoring may offer promising opportunities for low-cost monitoring as an alternative to human observation. We develop a costing framework for comparing human observation and passive acoustic monitoring and apply it to a hypothetical RBP scheme for farmland bird conservation. We consider three different monitoring scenarios: daytime monitoring for the whinchat and the ortolan bunting, nighttime monitoring for the partridge and the common quail, and day-and-night monitoring for all four species. We also examine the effect of changes in relevant parameters (such as participating area, travel distance and required monitoring time) on the cost comparison. Our results show that passive acoustic monitoring is still more expensive than human observation for daytime monitoring. In contrast, passive acoustic monitoring has a cost advantage for nighttime and day-and-nighttime monitoring in almost all considered scenarios. |
| Keywords: | Performance-based payments, monitoring costs, PAM, ARU, AudioMoth, bird surveys, payments for ecosystem services, agri-environment schemes |
| JEL: | Q18 Q57 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:116311&r=env |
| By: | Samaniego, Joseluis; Rondón Toro, Estefani; Herrera Jiménez, Juan; Santori, Stefano |
| Abstract: | La transición hacia una economía circular supone un cambio profundo en la forma en que se produce y se consume, así como el desarrollo de un modelo económico que permita crear valor de manera sostenible. Esta transformación debe recorrer una serie de sistemas interconectados, alineando los sistemas técnicos y biológicos con los modelos de negocio, el diseño, la innovación y los procesos productivos. En ese sentido, la CEPAL viene trabajando en la elaboración de lineamientos de políticas públicas para sectores de alta productividad, que generen cobeneficios ambientales, sociales y económicos y, a la vez, provoquen una transformación radical de los patrones de producción y consumo. Por esta razón, a partir de una muestra de ocho países de América Latina y el Caribe, y con base en una metodología para el análisis de las hojas de ruta del ámbito de la economía circular, se realiza un diagnóstico del estado de la planificación de la economía circular en la región, a fin de identificar las tendencias del avance realizado en esta materia. |
| Keywords: | DESARROLLO ECONOMICO, DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE, ECONOMIA VERDE, INNOVACIONES, PROGRAMAS DE ACCION, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, GREEN ECONOMY, INNOVATIONS, PROGRAMMES OF ACTION |
| Date: | 2022–12–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:48632&r=env |
| By: | Axel Gautier; Julien Jacqmin; Jean-Christophe Pooudou |
| Abstract: | Renewable energy communities involve various agents who decide to jointly invest in renewable production units and storage. This paper examines how these communities interact with the energy system and can decrease its overall cost. First, we show that a renewable energy community can contribute positively to welfare if the electricity produced by the investment is consumed close to its place of production, i.e. if the community has a high degree of self-consumption. Second, our analysis identifies the condition on prices and grid tariffs to align the community’s interest with welfare maximization. We also show that some of these grid tariffs do not have a negative impact on non-members of the community and could therefore limit potential distributional issues. Third, we argue that various internal organization of the renewable energy communities are feasible. The internal organization impacts the distribution of benefits among members but not the global efficiency of the community. |
| Keywords: | energy communities, decentralized production unites, energy transition, grid regulation |
| JEL: | L30 L94 Q48 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_10254&r=env |
| By: | Julian F Kölbel (University of St. Gallen - School of Finance; MIT Sloan; Swiss Finance Institute); Adrien-Paul Lambillon (University of Zurich - Department of Banking and Finance) |
| Abstract: | We examine the novel phenomenon of sustainability-linked bonds (SLBs). These bonds’ coupon is contingent on the issuer achieving a predetermined sustainability performance target. We estimate the yield differential between SLBs and non-sustainable counter-factuals by matching bonds from the same issuer. Our results suggest that issuing an SLB yields an average premium of -9 basis points on the yield at issue compared to a conventional bond, although this premium decreased over time. On average, the savings from this reduction in the cost of debt exceed the maximum potential penalty that issuers need to pay in case of failure of the sustainability performance target. This suggests that SLB issuers can benefit from a ’free lunch’, i.e. a financial benefit despite not reaching the target. Investigating the drivers of the premium, we show that there is no clear empirical relationship between the yield at issue and the coupon step-up agreement of SLBs. Instead, an issuer’s first SLB seems to command a significantly larger premium, suggesting that especially the first SLB is seen by investors as a credible signal of a company’s commitment to sustainability. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable investing, ESG, sustainability-linked bonds, impact, greenwashing |
| Date: | 2023–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:chf:rpseri:rp2307&r=env |
| By: | Robin Lindsey; Ioannis Tikoudis; Katherine Hassett |
| Abstract: | This report takes stock of scientific findings to date regarding the distributional effects of policies discouraging car use in urban areas. These policies include cordon tolls, distance-based charges, fuel taxes, parking measures and public transport subsidies. The report describes the mechanisms responsible for the distributional effects of these policies and offers insights regarding how such policies can be designed to minimise adverse equity outcomes. It also provides recommendations regarding the design and procedural modifications that standard instruments require in order to be more acceptable to the public and to governments. Finally, it identifies a number of issues that warrant further research in the pursuit of greater equity in the outcomes of urban road transport policies. |
| Keywords: | environmental externalities, fuel tax, income distribution, inequality, road pricing |
| JEL: | D63 H23 Q52 Q54 R40 Q56 |
| Date: | 2023–03–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:envaaa:211-en&r=env |
| By: | Wing Sin Lau |
| Abstract: | The paper explores the relationship between ESG factors and the rental income and property value with a zoom in the study of cloud based smart locker operators. The key sustainability attributes researched in the paper cover tenant’s expectations and property value in relationship to ESG factors. Given the increasing popularity of cloud based smart locker operator in partnership with building owner and manager to provide alternatives to last mile logistic delivery to minimize cost and carbon emissions. E-commerce is significantly growing with no sign of slowing down hence cloud-based technology smart locker offered 24/7 contactless pick up and real time parcel status update with the benefit to reduce carbon emissions materially per parcel unit. Sensitivity of rental income and property value to the captioned sustainability factors associated to the Sustainability Development Goals (SDGs) highlighted by high transparent real estate markets in Hong Kong is being studied. The author aims to provide insights in how smart locker operators managed to develop last mile delivery solution for e commerce logistics supported by technology and create win-win with property owner as real estate investors and lenders putting more emphasis of ESG factors in financing decisions. |
| Keywords: | ESG Factors; Property Value; Rental Income; Smart locker operators |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2022–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:2022_36&r=env |
| By: | Bangsund, Dean; Hodur, Nancy |
| Keywords: | Demand and Price Analysis, Environmental Economics and Policy, Land Economics/Use, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2023–03–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:nddaae:333344&r=env |
| By: | THERESE FOURNAISE (CERGAM - Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Gestion d'Aix-Marseille - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - UTLN - Université de Toulon, AMU IAE - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises (IAE) - Aix-en-Provence - AMU - Aix Marseille Université, CERAG - Centre d'études et de recherches appliquées à la gestion - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Aurélie Kessous (CERGAM - Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Gestion d'Aix-Marseille - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - UTLN - Université de Toulon); Pierre Valette-Florence (CERAG - Centre d'études et de recherches appliquées à la gestion - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes, UGA INP IAE - Grenoble Institut d'Administration des Entreprises - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: | • Research objectives In response to growing consumer pressure, luxury brands are increasingly turning to product innovations made from recycled materials. However, luxury and sustainable development are two a priori dissonant notions (high quality materials vs. used materials, use of rare resources vs. renewable resources, etc.). These initiatives can then be perceived by consumers as brand transgressions that can affect the consumer-luxury brand relationship. The aim is twofold: (1) to understand the meaning of transgression in the specific case of this type of product; (2) to compare the benefits/risks that consumers associate with the perception of transgression with the differential benefits/risks that luxury professionals derive from transgression-based brand management. • Methodology Qualitative interviews are conducted in France with 25 luxury brand consumers and 21 luxury professionals. • Results The results highlight the transgressive nature of the recycled material luxury product. This is the visual identification (or not) of the recycled attribute that determines the nature of the perceived transgression (negative and provocative or positive and innovative). This transgressive perception generates benefits/risks for consumers, translating into differential benefits/risks for brands, which can lead to the improvement/deterioration of the consumerbrand relationship. • Managerial/societal implications This research makes it possible to formulate recommendations to luxury professionals to better orchestrate their product innovation strategies using recycled materials and thus preserve the consumer-brand relationship. • Originality The originality of this work lies in the study of luxury product innovation in recycled materials from the perspective of transgression. It also enriches the research on the link between luxury and sustainable development. |
| Abstract: | • Objectifs de recherche Face à la pression croissante des consommateurs, le recours des marques de luxe aux innovations produits conçues en matériaux recyclés se multiplie. Or luxe et développement durable sont deux notions a priori dissonantes (matériaux de qualité supérieure vs. usagés, utilisation de ressources rares vs. renouvelables, etc.). Ces initiatives peuvent alors être perçues par les consommateurs comme des transgressions des marques pouvant affecter la relation consommateur-marque de luxe. L'objectif est double : (1) appréhender la signification de la transgression dans le cas spécifique de ce type de produit ; (2) comparer les bénéfices/risques que les consommateurs associent à la perception de la transgression aux avantages/risques différentiels que les professionnels du luxe retirent d'une gestion de marque basée sur la transgression. • Méthodologie Des entretiens qualitatifs sont conduits en France auprès de 25 consommateurs de marques de luxe et de 21 professionnels du luxe. • Résultats Les résultats mettent en évidence le caractère transgressif du produit de luxe en matériaux recyclés. C'est l'identification visuelle (ou non) de l'attribut recyclé qui détermine la nature de la transgression perçue (négative et provocante ou positive et innovante). Cette perception transgressive engendre des bénéfices/risques pour les consommateurs, se traduisant en bénéfices/risques différentiels pour les marques, qui peuvent conduire à l'amélioration/la détérioration de la relation consommateur-marque. • Implications managériales/sociétales Cette recherche permet de formuler des recommandations aux professionnels du luxe afin de mieux orchestrer leurs stratégies d'innovations produits en matériaux recyclés et ainsi de préserver la relation consommateur-marque. • Originalité L'originalité de ce travail réside dans l'étude de l'innovation produit de luxe en matériaux recyclés sous l'angle de la transgression. Aussi, il enrichit les recherches sur le lien entre luxe et développement durable. |
| Keywords: | luxury, transgression, product innovation, recycled materials, consumer-brand relationship, Luxe, innovation produit, matériaux recyclés, relation consommateur-marque. |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03963117&r=env |
| By: | Dionne, Georges (HEC Montreal, Canada Research Chair in Risk Management); Fenou, Akouété (HEC Montreal, Canada Research Chair in Risk Management); Mnasri, Mohamed (HEC Montreal, Canada Research Chair in Risk Management) |
| Abstract: | This report analyzes the difference between mergers and acquisitions (M&As) of target insurers in the US life and non-life insurance sectors. We first document M&A transactions in the US insurance market between 1990 and 2021 and select the M&A transactions related to US target insurers. We then study the evolution of the life and non-life insurance sectors over time in order to determine whether there are parallel trends between the evolution of M&As of target insurers in these two sectors over time. We empirically test the difference between the M&As of the life and non-life insurance sectors by employing a natural experiment method and verify whether climate risk has been a causal factor in the observed difference in mergers and acquisitions between the two sectors after 2012. Our results do not support a causal link between climate risk and M&As during the period of analysis. Insurers choose other diversification sources of capital, including reinsurance, premium management, CAT bonds, and better capital management under stronger risk regulation. |
| Keywords: | Mergers and acquisition; US insurance industry; property and casualty insurance; life insurance; health insurance; climate risk; capital management; reinsurance; ILS; CAT bonds; premium management; risk regulation |
| JEL: | C10 C22 C23 C58 G22 G28 G52 H12 |
| Date: | 2023–02–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:crcrmw:2023_001&r=env |
| By: | Andrew Brown; Frithjof Laubinger; Peter Börkey |
| Abstract: | Global trade in plastic waste and scrap declined further (2017-2021) in 2021 and preliminary data indicates a continuing trend in the first half of 2022 (January to May). The combined trade surplus of OECD Member Countries (i.e., the difference between exports and imports) continued to decrease. Less plastic waste and scrap is being exported by OECD countries to non-OECD countries, however some countries still export substantial volumes to non-OECD countries. Particularly several non-OECD south-east Asian countries remain large export destinations. At the same time, trade between OECD countries has increased. The value and composition of plastic waste and scrap exports in 2021 suggests that more high value and easy to recycle plastic waste was traded. The trade regime remains dynamic with new export destinations emerging, which deserve further monitoring. |
| Keywords: | circular economy, plastics, trade, waste management |
| JEL: | F18 L65 Q53 Q56 |
| Date: | 2023–03–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:envaaa:210-en&r=env |
| By: | Weller, Jürgen |
| Abstract: | Los mercados de trabajo de América Latina y el Caribe enfrentan grandes transformaciones que afectan la generación de empleo y sus características, al tiempo que aumentan el riesgo de que se profundicen las marcadas brechas laborales y sociales que los caracterizan. En este documento se analizan varias de estas tendencias y su impacto en los trabajadores, en particular en los que viven en situación de vulnerabilidad, y se examina cómo la pandemia de enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19) influyó en ellas. Estas tendencias son la globalización y su reversión parcial, el cambio demográfico, la revolución digital, el cambio climático y la transición justa hacia economías sostenibles, y la heterogeneización de las relaciones laborales acelerada por nuevos modelos de negocio. Asimismo, se discuten algunas políticas para enfrentar los desafíos y aprovechar las oportunidades que surgen en este contexto para la inclusión laboral, poniendo énfasis en la necesidad de actuar de manera participativa para llegar a soluciones sostenibles desde el punto de vista social, económico y ambiental. |
| Keywords: | EMPLEO, MERCADO DE TRABAJO, POLITICA DE EMPLEO, GLOBALIZACION, TENDENCIAS DEMOGRAFICAS, INNOVACIONES TECNOLOGICAS, CAMBIO CLIMATICO, RELACIONES LABORALES, COVID-19, VIRUS, PANDEMIAS, ASPECTOS SOCIALES, EMPLOYMENT, LABOUR MARKET, LABOUR POLICY, GLOBALIZATION, POPULATION TRENDS, TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS, CLIMATE CHANGE, LABOUR RELATIONS, COVID-19, VIRUSES, PANDEMICS, SOCIAL ASPECTS |
| Date: | 2022–12–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:48610&r=env |
| By: | Sylvain Chabé-Ferret (TSE-R - Toulouse School of Economics - UT1 - Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Institute for Advanced Studies - Institute for Advanced Studies); Philippe Le Coënt (BRGM - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM)); Caroline Lefebvre (Laboratoire de Virologie [Toulouse] - CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]); Raphaële Préget (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - UM - Université de Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); François Salanié (TSE-R - Toulouse School of Economics - UT1 - Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Subervie Julie (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Sophie S. Thoyer (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | Nudges are increasingly used to alter the behavior of economic agents as an alternative to monetary incentives. However, little is known as to whether nudges can backfire, that is, how and when they may generate effects opposite to those they intend to achieve. We provide the first field evidence of a nudge that is designed to encourage pro-environmental behavior, which instead backfires. We randomly allocate a social comparison nudge inviting winegrowers to adopt biological pest control as an alternative to chemical pesticide use. We find that our nudge decreases by half the adoption of biological pest control among the largest vineyards, where the bulk of adoption occurs. We show that this result can be rationalized in an economic model where winegrowers and winegrower-cooperative managers bargain over future rents generated by the adoption of biological pest control. This study highlights the importance of experimenting on a small scale with nudges aimed at encouraging adoption of virtuous behaviors in order to detect unexpected adverse effects, particularly in contexts where negotiations on the sharing of the costs of adoption are likely to occur. |
| Keywords: | Nudges, Behavioral Economics, Pesticides, Government Policy. |
| Date: | 2023–02–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-03971193&r=env |
| By: | William White |
| Abstract: | There is a reasonable likelihood that that the next global economic crisis could threaten the future of democracy. The economic system is a complex, adaptive system (CAS) subject to "tipping points" when underlying stresses lead to crisis. Moreover, the economic system is nested within a number of other CAS; political, environmental and public health among others. Looking forward, recurrent negative supply shocks imply a dangerous future of higher real interest rates and debt distress leading to either deflation (private debt distress) or higher inflation (sovereign debt distress). Such problems could threaten democratic political systems that are already showing signs of significant stress themselves. The paper finishes with some reflections on policy alternatives. |
| Keywords: | Covid, financial system, supply shocks, inflation, sovereign debt, climate change |
| JEL: | I18 E31 F34 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023–01–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:thk:wpaper:inetwp199&r=env |
| By: | Robert Blasiak (Stockholm University); Jean-Baptiste Jouffray (Stockholm University); Diva Amon; Joachim Claudet (CRIOBE - Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - EPHE - École pratique des hautes études - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Stockholm University); Paul Dunshirn; Peter Søgaard Jørgensen (Stockholm University); Agnes Pranindita (Stockholm University); Colette Wabnitz (Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries - UBC - University of British Columbia); Erik Zhivkoplias (Stockholm University); Henrik Österblom (Stockholm University) |
| Abstract: | Transforming the rapidly growing ocean economy into a ‘blue economy' based on principles of sustainability, equity and inclusivity is crucial. We contend that marine biotechnology is not on this trajectory and that a more holistic approach for people and nature is needed to bring marine biotechnology into the blue economy. |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03956421&r=env |
| By: | Saúl de los Santos Gómez, José |
| Abstract: | Los autobuses eléctricos se presentan como una alternativa viable a los problemas de contaminación y tráfico que aquejan a las grandes ciudades. A medida que más urbes se interesan por adquirir flotas de autobuses eléctricos, crece el mercado de consumo y las empresas fabricantes expanden sus operaciones mundiales, por lo que surge una oportunidad para los países que desean incursionar en la fabricación de estos autobuses, así como de sus sistemas de apoyo y componentes clave. El presente documento tiene por objeto presentar los retos y oportunidades que enfrentan México y otros países de América Latina, entre ellos, la Argentina, el Brasil y Colombia, para tener una participación significativa en la fabricación de autobuses eléctricos. Por medio de un modelo de factibilidad técnica y económica que utiliza referentes mundiales, se aborda el potencial y la viabilidad de tres modelos de producción mediante los cuales los países antes mencionados pueden incursionar en esta industria. |
| Keywords: | TRANSPORTE PUBLICO, AUTOBUSES, ENERGIA ELECTRICA, VEHICULOS ELECTRICOS, FABRICACION INDUSTRIAL, EVALUACION, POLITICA INDUSTRIAL, DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE, INNOVACIONES TECNOLOGICAS, PUBLIC TRANSPORT, BUSES, ELECTRIC POWER, ELECTRIC VEHICLES, MANUFACTURING, EVALUATION, INDUSTRIAL POLICY, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS |
| Date: | 2022–12–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:48629&r=env |
| By: | Levashenko A.D. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); I.Ermokhin (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes the impact of international standards for responsible business conduct on the financial sector in the world and in Russia, and formulates proposals for the development of regulation in Russia. The relevance of the work lies in the need to analyze the impact of international standards for responsible business conduct on the financial sector in the world and in Russia, as well as to formulate proposals for the development of appropriate regulation in Russia. The study was conducted in 2021. The object of the study is the standards for responsible business conduct in the financial sector. The goal of the study is to analyze the impact of international standards for responsible business conduct on the financial sector in the world and in Russia, and to formulate proposals for the development of regulation in Russia. The following results were obtained: an analysis of the recommendations and standards of international organizations, including the OECD, related to responsible business conduct in the financial sector and their impact on access to financing for Russian companies; an analysis of the approaches of the OECD member countries, including the EU, France, Japan, Canada, and other countries, including China, to the regulation of responsible business conduct in the financial sector and the impact of the regulations adopted by these countries on the Russian companies’ access to financing; an analysis of the practices of legal regulation of responsible business conduct in the financial sector in Russia and their impact on access to finance for Russian companies; formulated proposals for the development of legal regulation of responsible business conduct in the financial sector in Russia in order to ensure access to financing for Russian companies. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of using its results for the development of regulatory documents aimed at the development of sustainable (green) financing in Russia, the formation of Russia's position on the OECD platform in relation to the developed standards of responsible financing. |
| Keywords: | responsible finance, sustainable development, OECD |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w2022066&r=env |
| By: | Y. Bekkouche; Kenneth Houngbedji (DIAL - Développement, institutions et analyses de long terme, LEDa - Laboratoire d'Economie de Dauphine - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Oswald Koussihouede |
| Abstract: | We combined information on daily rainfall at school locations and standardized test scores to study how learning outcomes at primary schools are affected by precipitation during school days in Sub-Saharan Africa. Our results suggest that student test scores are lower in schools that are exposed to more rainy days during the academic year. Students in locations that had more rainy school days are also more likely to experience grade repetition. We tested the mechanisms through which rainfall affects learning outcomes in our study area and found that teachers are more likely to be absent in locations with more rainy school days. We discuss the implications of these results and draw attention to policy options to mitigate learning loss during rainy school days. |
| Keywords: | Education, Children, Climate, I21, Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–01–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-03962882&r=env |
| By: | Mélody Leplat (L@BISEN - Laboratoire ISEN - Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN) - YO - YNCREA OUEST, AMURE - Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - UBO - Université de Brest - IUEM - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Youenn Loheac (ESC Rennes School of Business - ESC [Rennes] - ESC Rennes School of Business, CREM - Centre de recherche en économie et management - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UR1 - Université de Rennes 1 - UNIV-RENNES - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Eric Teillet (SensoStat) |
| Abstract: | In a context of vegetablization of meals, a range of plant-based substitutes is developing that imitate the taste and nutritional properties of meat products. Moreover, the motivations to reduce the consumption of meat products or to replace them by plant-based substitutes are based on several arguments such as health, environment or animal welfare. Through two studies, we explore the preferences for plant-based meat substitutes by combining the tools of sensory evaluation with those of experimental economics. Thus, subjects taste real products and express themselves about them, then they are exposed to choices related to these products (maintaining consumption or returning to their usual product). Our results show that a third of the participants appreciate the substitutes and are ready to renew their consumption. |
| Abstract: | Dans un contexte de végétalisation des repas se développe une offre de substituts végétaux imitant les propriétés gustatives et nutritionnelles des produits carnés. Par ailleurs, les motivations à réduire la consommation de produits carnés ou à les remplacer par des substituts végétaux repose sur plusieurs arguments tels que la santé, l'environnement ou le bien-être animal. A travers deux études, nous explorons les préférences pour des substituts végétaux à la viande en associant les outils de l'évaluation sensorielles à ceux de l'économie expérimentale. Ainsi les sujets dégustent des produits réels et s'expriment à leur sujet, puis ils sont soumis à des choix relatifs à ces produits (maintient de la consommation ou retour à leur produit habituel). Nos résultats montre qu'un tiers des participants apprécient les substituts et qu'ils sont prêt à en renouveler la consommation. |
| Keywords: | meat substitutes, sensory evaluation, choices experiment, real products |
| Date: | 2022–05–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03932623&r=env |
| By: | Anna Choi; Pureum Kim; Abraham Park |
| Abstract: | Causal studies on the effect of air quality on house prices, specifically focusing on a large metropolitan area, are rare and difficult to obtain because of potential endogeneity from residential sorting. In this study, we use the Aliso Canyon gas leak as a natural experiment to examine the effect of air quality on housing prices of Los Angeles City. Using a spatial difference-in-differences model, we estimate that houses within the 5-mile radius of the gas well experienced a 3% discount in price during the leak, and an additional 4.4% discount after the well was sealed and the air quality was restored. The decrease in price lasted beyond 18 months, with houses closer to the leak suffering higher discounts. We conclude that air quality degradation has a direct and longer term negative impact on house prices. |
| Keywords: | Air Quality; gas leak; Housing Price |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2022–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:2022_71&r=env |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | The Republic of Moldova is continuously transforming, directly affected by regional and global events: the rise in the cost of energy and food products, the security crisis in the region created by the aggression of the Russian Federation in Ukraine, the reformation of value chains and even climate change affecting agricultural production. In this extremely difficult context, in addition to the short-term interventions needed to cope with the current crises, the Government has proposed to define a medium- and long-term development vision, in order to strengthen our resilience to future crises and create the basis for a sustainable and inclusive development of the country. |
| Date: | 2023–02–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:2023/085&r=env |
| By: | Alice Gillerot (VAS - VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement); Philippe Jeanneaux (Territoires - Territoires - AgroParisTech - VAS - VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne); Etienne E. Polge |
| Abstract: | L'action collective entre agriculteurs est régulièrement présentée comme un levier pour la mise en oeuvre de changements de pratiques agroécologiques dans les exploitations agricoles. Cette étude propose d'ouvrir l'analyse des déterminants relationnels dans l'adoption de changements de pratiques au-delà des groupes de pairs en s'intéressant à leur organisation collective autour de filières territoriales faisant intervenir d'autres acteurs. Pour ce faire, la méthode des narrations quantifiées a été mobilisée dans le cadre d'entretiens semi-directifs menés auprès des 8 agriculteurs membres d'un collectif filière territoriale intégrant un meunier et un boulanger. L'analyse de ces trajectoires a permis la création d'une typologie des fermes favorisant la compréhension du rôle que joue le collectif filière territoriale dans les changements de pratiques menés par ses différents membres. Bien que les intérêts pour la participation au collectif varient entre les différents types de fermes, il ressort que le collectif donne systématiquement accès à des ressources tant commerciales, que cognitives, sociales et matérielles. De ce fait, le collectif favorise l'accès à des ressources stratégiques dans les exploitations agricoles permettant de coupler la mise en oeuvre de changements de pratiques agricoles et leur valorisation économique. Ces ressources contribuent à un changement de posture des agriculteurs au cours de leur trajectoire, passant d'un rôle d'exécutants producteurs de matières premières à un rôle de coconcepteurs de produits agroécologiques. |
| Date: | 2023–01–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-03962520&r=env |
| By: | Okwuchi Juliet Akalemeaku |
| Abstract: | There are numerous historic and monumental properties scattered all over the nooks and crannies of Nigerian Cities which are in ruins due to poor management and neglect. Despite the facts that historic buildings play vital roles as places of tourism and recreation thus enhancing economic development and growth of many countries yet many of such sites in Nigeria are poorly managed. The study which is exploratory in nature seeks to discover why such properties are not properly managed and what can be done to sustain such properties so that they do not go into extinction. The study adopts a survey approach and makes use of online surveys to reach out to Property Managers on the role they play in the management of such properties, barriers to effective management and likely solutions for sustainable management of such properties. |
| Keywords: | Barriers, Historic, Monumental and Sustainable Management |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2022–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:2022_115&r=env |
| By: | Böhm, Jonas; Tietz, Andreas |
| Abstract: | In diesem Working Paper wird eine Abschätzung des möglichen zukünftigen Bedarfs an landwirtschaftlicher Fläche für den Ausbau von Photovoltaik-Freiflächenanlagen in Deutschland erarbeitet. Für die Abschätzung werden aktuelle politische Ziele sowie verschiedene Energieszenarien betrachtet, um den Bedarf an installierter PV-Leistung in einem vollständig transformierten Energiesystem zu ermitteln. Die benötigte PV-Leistung kann auf verschiedenen Flächen (wie z.B. Dachflächen, Agrarflächen) installiert werden. Wie viele der Anlagen auf landwirtschaftlichen Flächen errichtet werden, hängt von vielen Faktoren ab und kann sich zukünftig sehr unterschiedlich entwickeln. Darüber hinaus wird der zukünftige Flächenbedarf von der spezifischen Flächeninanspruchnahme, also wie viel Fläche je installierter Leistung benötigt wird, beeinflusst. Alle drei Einflussgrößen sind mit einer hohen Unsicherheit behaftet. Als wahrscheinlichste Entwicklung werden das aktuelle politische Ziel von 215 GWp installierter Leistung bis 2030 und von 400 GWp für ein vollständiges transformiertes Energiesystem bis 2040, ein Anteil von 50 % auf landwirtschaftlichen Flächen sowie eine spezifische Flächeninanspruchnahme von 1, 4 ha/MWp angenom-men. Darauf basierend ergibt sich eine Flächeninanspruchnahme bei einem transformierten Energiesystem (Jahr 2040) von 280.000 ha. Das entspricht einem Anteil an der aktuell landwirtschaftlich genutzten Fläche von 1, 7 %. Die Spannweite aller betrachteten Szenarien liegt zwischen 0, 3 % und 4 %, was die hohe Unsicherheit der Prognose aufzeigt. |
| Keywords: | Erneuerbare Energien, Photovoltaik, Flächeninanspruchnahme, Energiewende, Deutschland, Renewable energies, photovoltaics, land use, energy transition, Germany |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:jhtiwp:204&r=env |
| By: | Joseph I. Uduji (University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria); Elda N. Okolo-Obasi (University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria); Simplice A. Asongu (Yaoundé, Cameroon) |
| Abstract: | Since the beginning of 2014, reports of cult violence have increased sharply in the Nigeria’s oil producing communities. Hence, we set out to examine the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) from multinational oil companies (MOCs) in mitigating the spread of cult group violence in the region. A total of two thousand four hundred respondents were sampled across the nine states of the Niger Delta. Results from the use of estimated logit model reveal that MOCs via Global Memorandum of Understanding (GMoU) are in good position to deter the aggression and rise of cult violence using interventions for youth as a priority target group mechanism. This calls for pro-youth capacity building programmes, specially designed to equip the clusters with appropriate skills required for peaceful engagement and to complement government efforts in the planning and implementation of the development agenda for their respective communities. In turn, this will contribute towards enhancing a peaceful environment for doing business in the Niger Delta region. |
| Keywords: | Environmental justice, cult violence, corporate social responsibility, oil producing communities, sub-Saharan Africa |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:exs:wpaper:23/010&r=env |
| By: | Joseph I. Uduji (University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria); Elda N. Okolo-Obasi (University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria); Simplice A. Asongu (Yaoundé, Cameroon) |
| Abstract: | We examine the impact of multinational oil companies’ (MOCs) corporate social responsibility (CSR) on gender equality for social equity using a combined propensity score matching and logit model. The result indicates a significant relationship between CSR and gender equality for social equity in coastal communities of Nigeria’s oil producing region. This implies that CSR of MOCs is a critical factor for promoting equal opportunity, equal access, equal treatment, equal sharing and division of resources. The finding suggest for improved CSR investment of MOCs on empowering the women in coastal communities in taking up alternative livelihoods from conservation and marine resources. |
| Keywords: | Oil extraction; Gender equality; Social equity; Corporate social responsibility; Coastal communities; sub-Saharan Africa |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:exs:wpaper:23/009&r=env |
| By: | Imane El Kerzazi (MRM - Montpellier Research in Management - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - UM - Université de Montpellier); Béatrice Siadou-Martin (MRM - Montpellier Research in Management - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - UM - Université de Montpellier); Fatiha Fort (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | This research analyzes the process of categorizing a healthy food. Based on the theory of cognitive psychology, it shows that the categorization of a healthy food differs from one individual to another, not only according to the characteristics of the product but also in relation to the motivations. We conducted a qualitative exploratory study using 22 semi-structured individual interviews. The results of the survey highlight the existence of four distinct groups of consumers : the traditionalists-nostalgic, the savvy-cautious, the distrustful and the hedonists. The in-depth knowledge of these profiles will allow decision-makers to design more targeted public actions to promote healthy eating, as well as food manufacturers to segment their customers according to the different perceptions of healthy food and the underlying motivations. |
| Abstract: | Cette recherche analyse le processus de catégorisation d'un aliment sain. Sur la base de la théorie de la psychologie cognitive, elle montre que la catégorisation d'un aliment sain diffère d'un individu à l'autre, non seulement selon les caractéristiques du produit mais aussi par rapport à ses motivations. Nous avons mené une étude exploratoire qualitative à l'aide de 22 entretiens individuels semi-directifs. Les résultats de l'enquête mettent en évidence l'existence de quatre groupes distincts de consommateurs : les traditionnalistes - nostalgiques, les avertis – prudents, les méfiants - sceptiques et les hédonistes. La connaissance poussée de ces profils permettra aux pouvoirs publics de concevoir des actions publiques plus ciblées pour promouvoir une alimentation saine ainsi qu'aux industriels de l'agroalimentaire de segmenter leurs clients en fonction des différentes perceptions de l'aliment sain et des motivations sous-jacentes. |
| Keywords: | Healthy food, Categorization, Typology of consumer, Catégorisation, typologie de consommateur, Aliment sain |
| Date: | 2023–01–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03977534&r=env |
| By: | Arunkumar A S (IFP - Institut Français de Pondichéry - MEAE - Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Ajit Menon (Madras Institute of Development Studies - Madras Institute of Development Studies); K Nithya; H Shakila |
| Abstract: | Shrimp farms in Tamil Nadu envisaged by state agencies as an alternative for increasing coastal salinity have hardly been able to be one as it on the one hand largely impacts the ecology and livelihood, while on the other hand are cost intensive for any farmers to immediately shift from agriculture. |
| Keywords: | Shrimp Farms, Aquaculture, Salinity, Agriculture |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03922220&r=env |
| By: | Nathalie Lazaric (GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) - COMUE UCA - COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UCA - Université Côte d'Azur) |
| Date: | 2022–05–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-03919060&r=env |
| By: | Jean-Jacques Pluchart (UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne); Thibault de Swarte (LASCO - Laboratoire Sens et Compréhension du Monde Contemporain - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - IMT Atlantique - IMT Atlantique - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - IMT-BS - Institut Mines-Télécom Business School - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - Mines Saint Etienne, IMT Atlantique - SRCD - Département Systèmes Réseaux, Cybersécurité et Droit du numérique - IMT Atlantique - IMT Atlantique - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]) |
| Abstract: | Les banques occidentales se déclarent volontiers « vertes » et « inclusives ». Elles s'engagent à la fois à respecter certains Objectifs du Développement Durable (ODD) définis par l'accord de Paris (2015) et les directives en faveur de l'inclusion et de la mobilité bancaires. Si le « verdissement » de la finance a fait l'objet de nombreux commentaires souvent critiques (Giraud, 2020), l'inclusion financière a encore peu suscité de réflexions sur ses facteurs, ses formes et ses effets. |
| Date: | 2022–07–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03890619&r=env |
| By: | Kendall, Alissa; Dayemo, Kristi; Helal, Nadiyah; Iskakov, Galym; Pares, Francisco; Slattery, Margaret; Fulton, Lewis |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences, electric vehicles, lithium-ion batteries, life cycle analysis, policy, social impact, global impact |
| Date: | 2023–03–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt7m2536mp&r=env |
| By: | Jérémy Lévêque (CGS i3 - Centre de Gestion Scientifique i3 - Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris) - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Kevin Levillain (CGS i3 - Centre de Gestion Scientifique i3 - Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris) - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Blanche Segrestin (CGS i3 - Centre de Gestion Scientifique i3 - Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris) - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Christophe Delfeld (GRTgaz) |
| Abstract: | Companies are facing increasing tensions between economic imperatives and ecological transition issues. These sustainability crises are likely to multiply. The case of GRTgaz provides a good illustration. Paradoxically, its public service mission, which is to ensure an accessible supply of gas, is now running counter to the common interest of the energy transition. In this article, we show, based on recent research conducted jointly with GRTgaz, how reflection on the company's raison d'être can be a novel lever of resilience. We show that reflection on the raison d'être, rather than reasoning by issue, leads to the identification of interdependencies between issues and, thus, to highlight the design efforts that the company should undertake to strengthen its resilience in the face of sustainability crises. |
| Abstract: | Les entreprises sont confrontées à des tensions croissantes, entre impératifs économiques et enjeux de transition écologique. Ces crises de soutenabilité sont appelées à se multiplier. Le cas de GRTgaz en fournit une bonne illustration. Paradoxalement, sa mission de service public, qui consiste à assurer un approvisionnement accessible en gaz, va aujourd'hui à l'encontre de l'intérêt commun de la transition énergétique. Dans cet article, nous montrons à partir d'une recherche récente, conduite conjointement avec GRTgaz, comment la réflexion sur la raison d'être de l'entreprise peut être un levier de résilience inédit. Nous montrons que la réflexion sur la raison d'être, plutôt que de raisonner par enjeu, pousse à identifier les interdépendances entre les enjeux et, ainsi, à souligner les efforts de conception sur lesquels l'entreprise devrait s'engager pour renforcer sa résilience face aux crises de soutenabilité. |
| Keywords: | Raison d'être, Résilience, Soutenabilité, Paradoxes |
| Date: | 2023–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03991787&r=env |
| By: | Borrás, Susana (Copenhagen Business School); Haakonsson, Stine (Copenhagen Business School); Taudal Poulsen, René (Copenhagen Business School); Pallesen, Trine (Copenhagen Business School); Hendriksen, Christian (Copenhagen Business School); Somavilla, Lucas (University College London); Kugelberg, Susanna (Copenhagen Business School); Larsen, Henrik (Copenhagen Business School); Gerli, Francesco (Copenhagen Business School) |
| Abstract: | Although public sector organizations (such as municipalities, executive agencies, and publicly controlled utilities), are pivotal in sustainability transitions, a conceptualization of their transformative capacity is underdeveloped. Several strands of literature have started to pay attention to the concept of ‘capacity’, but these remain disjointed. Conducting a literature review, the present paper identifies variations and understudied aspects of the concept. It proposes a holistic conceptual framework based on three elements: their organizational roles, resources, and skills. Hence, the transformative capacity of a public sector organization is defined by the interaction between its purposeful enactment of various roles when exercising change agency, and by the deployment and development of its dynamic skills, when mobilizing the internal and external resources at its disposal. The framework offers the opportunity for a granular understanding of what specific combinations of those elements are at play in the implementation of highly diverse sustainability actions. This has important theoretical and empirical implications, as well as practical implications for more targeted transformative capacity-building efforts. |
| Keywords: | sustainability transitions; eco-innovation; transformative innovation; socio-technical systems; climate; capacity; dynamic capabilities; climate; governance |
| JEL: | O31 O33 O38 Q01 Q28 Q58 Z18 |
| Date: | 2023–02–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:lucirc:2023_002&r=env |