David Livingstone
David Livingstone (11 Mac 1813 – 1 Mei 1873) ialah seorang pelopor mubaligh perubatan bangsa Scot yang berkhidmat dengan Persatuan Mubaligh London (London Missionary Society) dan seorang penjelajah di Afrika. Pertemuan beliau dengan H M Stanley pada 10 November 1871 menghasilakn petikan popular, "Dr Livingstone, I presume?" (harfiah, "Dr Livingstone, saya agak?").
Kemasyhuran beliau sebagai seorang penjelajah mendorong pencarian punca Sungai Nil yang membentuk kemuncak zaman klasik penjelajahan orang Eropah dan penembusan kolonial benua Afrika. Pada masa yang sama perjalanan mubaligh, "kehilangan" dan kematian beliau di Afrika dan pengagungan sebagai wira kebangsaan Great Britain yang menyusul pada tahun 1874 selepas kematian beliau membawa kepada penubuhan inisiatif-inisiatif misi mubaligh Kristian Afrika Tengah yang berterusan dalam era "Perebutan Afrika".[1]
Nota
sunting- ^ John M. Mackenzie, "David Livingstone: The Construction of the Myth," in Sermons and Battle Hymns: Protestant Popular Culture in Modern Scotland, ed. Graham Walker and Tom Gallagher (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1990).
Bibliografi
sunting- Eynikel, Hilde (2005). Mrs. Livingstone: een biografie. Leuven: Davidsfonds. ISBN 90-5826-347-9 (Belanda)
- Holmes, Timothy (1993). Journey to Livingstone: Exploration of an Imperial Myth. Edinburgh: Canongate Press. ISBN 978-0-86241-402-3
- Jeal, Tim (1973). Livingstone. London: Heinemann. m/s. 427p. ISBN 0-434-37208-0.
- Livingstone, David (1905) [1857]. Journeys in South Africa, or Travels and Researches in South Africa. London: The Amalgamated Press Ltd.
- Livingstone, David and James I. Macnair (ed.) (1954). Livingstone's Travels. London: J.M. Dent.
- Livingstone, David (1999) [1875]. Dernier Journal Diarkibkan 2007-09-27 di Wayback Machine. Paris: Arléa. ISBN 2-86959-215-9 (Perancis)
- Maclachlan, T. Banks. David Livingstone, Edinburgh: Oliphant, Anderson and Ferrier, 1901, ("Famous Scots Series").
- Martelli, George (1970). Livingstone's River: A History of the Zambezi Expedition, 1858–1864. London: Chatto & Windus. ISBN 978-0-7011-1527-2
- Morrill, Leslie, and Madge Haines (1959). Livingstone, Trail Blazer for God. Mountain View: Pacific Press Publication Association.
- Philip, M. NourbeSe (1991). Looking for Livingstone: An Odyssey of Silence. Stratford: The Mercury Press. ISBN 978-0-920544-88-4
- Ross, Andrew C. (2002). David Livingstone: Mission and Empire. London and New York: Hambledon and London. ISBN 978-1-85285-285-6
- Waters, John (1996). David Livingstone: Trail Blazer. Leicester: Inter-Varsity. ISBN 978-0-85111-170-4
- Wisnicki, Adrian S. (2009). "Interstitial Cartographer: David Livingstone and the Invention of South Central Africa". Victorian Literature and Culture 37.1 (Mar.): 255–71.
Pautan luar
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Wikisource mempunyai karya asli yang dikarang oleh atau mengenai: David Livingstone |
- Livingstone Spectral Imaging Project. Many of Livingstone's original papers spectrally imaged.
- Livingstone Online – Explore the manuscripts of David Livingstone Diarkibkan 2008-02-17 di Wayback Machine Images of original documents alongside transcribed, critically edited versions
- David Livingstone (c. 1956). Archive film from the National Library of Scotland: Scottish Screen Archive
- Karya-karya oleh David Livingstone di Projek Gutenberg (plain text and HTML)
- A Brief Biography of David Livingstone
- David Livingstone biographies Diarkibkan 2008-12-10 di Wayback Machine
- "Dr. Livingston (obituary, Wed., 28 Jan. 1874)". Eminent persons: Biographies reprinted from the Times. Vol. 1–6. D. Vol I, 1870–1875. Macmillan & Co.: 225–236 1892CS1 maint: postscript (link)
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