(Q54295845)

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Confirmation bias: A ubiquitous phenomenon in many guises

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Confirmation bias: A ubiquitous phenomenon in many guises (English)

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Raymond S. Nickerson

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1998

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number of pages

46

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Review of General Psychology

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2

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2

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175-220

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Effect of stimulus inconsistency and discounting instructions in personality impression formation.

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Eliminating the hindsight bias

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Resistance by scientists to scientific discovery

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Myside bias in thinking about abortion

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Heuristics and biases in diagnostic reasoning

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Confirmation and Matching Biases in Hypothesis Testing

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When doctors meet numbers.

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Diagnosticity and pseudodiagnosticity

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INTERFERENCE IN VISUAL RECOGNITION.

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Interpretation by physicians of clinical laboratory results

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Illusory correlation in observational report

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Atmosphere effect re-examined

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Genesis of popular but erroneous psychodiagnostic observations.

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Illusory correlation as an obstacle to the use of valid psychodiagnostic signs

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Pragmatic reasoning schemas.

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On the process of comparing sentences against pictures

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The logic of social exchange: has natural selection shaped how humans reason? Studies with the Wason selection task

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A second look at the utility of radiographic skull examination for trauma

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Diagnostic and confirmation strategies in trait hypothesis testing

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Differential social perception and attribution of intergroup violence: testing the lower limits of sterotyping of blacks

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Hypothesis evaluation from a Bayesian perspective

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The fallacy of personal validation; a classroom demonstration of gullibility

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INVOLVEMENT, DISCREPANCY, AND CHANGE

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Recent Research on Selective Exposure to Information

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Primary error detection and minimization (PEDMIN) strategies in social cognition: a reinterpretation of confirmation bias phenomena

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Errors and mistakes: Evaluating the accuracy of social judgment

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Probabilistic mental models: a Brunswikian theory of confidence

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Domain-specific reasoning: social contracts, cheating, and perspective change

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The Empire of Chance

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The totalitarian ego: Fabrication and revision of personal history

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They saw a game; a case study

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I.—STUDIES IN THE LOGIC OF CONFIRMATION (I.)

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On the relation between logic and thinking

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Assessing uncertainty in physical constants

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Cue redundancy and extra logical inferences in a deductive reasoning task.

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On the psychology of prediction

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The warm-cold variable in first impressions of persons

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Probabilities and utilities of fictional outcomes in Wason's four-card selection task

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Confirmation, disconfirmation, and information in hypothesis testing

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Explanation, imagination, and confidence in judgment

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Reasons for confidence

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Evoking the permission schema: the impact of explicit negation and a violation-checking context

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Children and adults as intuitive scientists.

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How Well Do Jurors Reason? Competence Dimensions of Individual Variation in a Juror Reasoning Task

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The case for motivated reasoning

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The psychometrics of everyday life.

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A patient by any other name--clinician group difference in labeling bias.

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The Influence of Emotonal Subject Matter on Logical Reasoning

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Human discrimination learning: The subset-sampling assumption

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Do those who know more also know more about how much they know?

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Biased assimilation and attitude polarization: The effects of prior theories on subsequently considered evidence

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Mechanization in problem solving: The effect of Einstellung

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Social roles and utilities in reasoning with deontic conditionals

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A behavioral analysis of teacher expectancy effect

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The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

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Priorities in Scientific Discovery: A Chapter in the Sociology of Science

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The group polarization phenomenon

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A rational analysis of the selection task as optimal data selection

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Overconfidence in case-study judgments

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Hits and misses: Kirby on the selection task

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A primacy effect in subjective probability revision

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Sequential effects in the revision of subjective probabilities

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Measurement and prediction, clinical and statistical

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Behavioral confirmation in social interaction: From social perception to social reality

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Evaluation of hypotheses in concept identification.

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Confirmatory and diagnosing strategies in social information gathering

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Strategies of rule discovery in an inference task

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On the failure to eliminate hypotheses in a conceptual task

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Response to affirmative and negative binary statements

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Reasoning about a Rule

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Natural and contrived experience in a reasoning problem

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Unrealistic optimism about future life events

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Optimistic biases about personal risks

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Judgment of covariation by social perceivers

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Biased evaluation and persistence in gambling

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The role of construal processes in overconfident predictions about the self and others

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Considering the opposite: a corrective strategy for social judgment

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Accountability and judgment processes in a personality prediction task.

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10.1037/1089-2680.2.2.175

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