Help:限定符

This page is a translated version of the page Help:Qualifiers and the translation is 83% complete.

Outdated translations are marked like this.

限定符用来进一步描述或完善状态信息中一个属性的值。它由一个限定属性和对应的值组成，且与状态信息中其他属性类似。

限定符用于进一步描述或改进语句中给定属性的值。注意，即使没有限定符，一条语句仍应提供有用的数据。限定词仅用于提供其他信息。

像语句和引用一样，限定词也包含一个属性和一个值。

何时使用限定符

虽然如果可以用包含单个属性值对的简单语句来表示Wikidata的所有潜在用例的所有数据会很方便，但这并不总是可能的。许多声明需要进一步的限定词，以便在Wikidata中充分准确地表达。

限定符可以修飾數據項的含義（如France (Q142)excluding (P1011)Adélie Land (Q184319)），指明確定屬性值的方式（如population (P1082)determination method or standard (P459)estimate (Q37113960)），限縮屬性值的適用範圍（如population (P1082)point in time (P585)2011年），或在簡單的「屬性—值」對不足以表達的情況下，提供更詳細的資訊（如Goldfinger (Q106440)cast member (P161)Sean Connery (Q4573)character role (P453)James Bond (Q2009573)和Louis XIV of France (Q7742)position held (P39)King of France and Navarre (Q3439798)start time (P580)1643年end time (P582)1715年）。

Qualifiers are also used to indicate the consensus value (if there is one). And Help:Ranking can be used for consensus opinion.

Qualifiers modify either the value of a main statement, or the main statement as a whole; they should not be used to modify the values of other qualifiers on a main statement, since this can make the meaning of the qualifier ambiguous.

对于多重值

維基數據允許數據項的每個屬性對應多個值。對於某人的子女、某國的正式語文此類陳述，無需限定符仍可完全合理地取多個不同值。

However, it is also possible for items to have statements with multiple values when only really one value is expected for the property. When an item ideally should have only one value—for example, the population of a city—but has multiple values, then qualifiers should be used in order to indicate further information about the values, such as when the values date from, how they were determined, what exactly they refer to, and so on.

对于争议项与社群共识

如Help:Statements和Wikidata:Verifiability所言，維基數據可以同時表現多種觀點，甚至錄入可能互相矛盾的數據。

发生争议时，屬性的值最终是由社区共识决定，但是可以使用限定符（以及来源）将不同观点列作其他值。也可以使用等级；如果存在共识，则应以优先级表示。有关等级的更多信息，请参见Help:Ranking。

請留意，對某數據項的編輯爭議應在其討論頁商議解決，不允許因對某屬性的取值有爭議而編輯戰。

对于单一值

Qualifiers can also be used for statements with just a single value in order to further specify the application of a property, to constrain the validity of the value, or to give additional details about the value (such as at what point of time the values are/were accurate).

示例

qualifier to specify the application of the property
France (Q142) (item)

population (P1082) (property) → 66,600,000±1 (property value)
excluding (P1011) (qualifier) → Adélie Land (Q184319) (qualifier value)
qualifier to constrain the validity of the value(s)
Berlin (Q64) (item)

population (P1082) (property) → 3,500,000 (property value)
point in time (P585) (qualifier) → 2005 (qualifier value)

determination method or standard (P459) (qualifier) → estimation (Q791801) (qualifier value)

population (P1082) (property) → 3,440,441 (property value)
point in time (P585) (qualifier) → 2010 (qualifier value)

determination method or standard (P459) (qualifier) → census (Q39825) (qualifier value)
qualifier to give additional details about the value
Louis XIV of France (Q7742) (item)

position held (P39) (property) → King of France and Navarre (Q3439798) (property value)
start time (P580) (qualifier) → 14 May 1643 (qualifier value)

end time (P582) (qualifier) → 1 September 1715 (qualifier value)
qualifier to specify the value
Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Martigny (Q28015959) (item)

position held (P39) (property) → mayor of a place in France (Q382617) (property value)
of (P642) (qualifier) → Rochefourchat (Q323644)(qualifier value)

如何加入限定符

限定符是在數據項目頁的「陈述」一節加入，以Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (Q232009)為例，方法如下：

如何查詢限定符

舉例，查詢在instance of (P31)S-Bahn station (Q1793804)陳述中使用of (P642)限定符的情況，可以用：

SELECT ?item ?itemLabel ?pq_obj ?pq_objLabel 
WHERE {   ?item p:P31 ?statement.   ?statement ps:P31 wd:Q1793804;     
pq:P642 ?pq_obj.   ?pq_qual wikibase:qualifier pq:P642.  
SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "de". } }

Try it!