Abstract
Rose is one of the most widely used ornamental flowers in the world. However, the low induction rates for most rose somatic embryos means that it is difficult to use somatic embryos for genetic transformation. In order to improve the induction rate of somatic embryos to improve the genetic transformation efficiency, this study investigated the effects of explant type, plant growth regulator concentration, calli status, medium conversion time, and medium tilt on the growth of rose somatic embryos. The results showed that Rosa chinensis cv. ‘Old Blush’ leaflets could induce normal embryogenic calli, but petioles could not. When the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid concentration was 13.57 μM, the calli induction rate was the highest in the embryo proliferation medium supplemented with 2.32 μM kinetin, and white and reddish-brown translucent calli were the main type of embryogenic calli induced. As the culture time in embryo proliferation medium was extended, the relative induction rate for secondary embryos and multicotyledon secondary embryos gradually increased when transferred to embryo maturation medium, but the induction rate for somatic embryos decreased. Placing the embryo maturation medium at an angle of 45° had little effect on the general induction rate for somatic embryos. The germination buds produced by the somatic embryos with two cotyledons showed the fastest germination and greatest survival rates. The results of this experiment will help improve somatic embryo regeneration rates and can be used to explore new regeneration methods. They also lay the foundation for further optimization of the somatic embryo genetic transformation system. Extend the embryogenic calli culture time to produce secondary embryos and the secondary embryos germinate normally.
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Data availability
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.
Abbreviations
- 2,4-D :
-
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- 6-BA :
-
6-Benzylaminopurine
- ABA :
-
Abscisic acid
- EM medium :
-
Embryo maturation medium
- EP medium :
-
Embryo proliferation medium
- GA 3 :
-
Gibberellic acid
- KT :
-
Kinetin
- MS :
-
Murashige & Skoog basal medium with vitamins
- NAA :
-
Naphthalene acetic acid
- PGRs :
-
Plant growth regulators
- SH :
-
Schenk & Hildebrandt basal salt mixture
- SP medium :
-
Shoot proliferation medium
- SE0 :
-
Somatic embryos without expanded cotyledons
- SE1 :
-
Somatic embryos with one expanded cotyledon
- SE2 :
-
Somatic embryos with two expanded cotyledons
- SEp :
-
Polycotyledonous embryos
- TDZ :
-
Thidiazuron
- ZT :
-
Zeatin
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Funding
This work was supported by National Key Research and Development Program under (Grant Nos 2020YFD1001104 and 2018YFD1000400), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 31772352).
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. CYF was the experiment designer and the executor of the experiment, collected the data, and wrote the first draft of the paper; TLT was involved in the collection of experimental materials and the results analysis; CHX and LYF were responsible for operating the instrument and discussing the results, and LR participated in discussing the results; CJR was in charge of this project, and directed experimental design, data analysis and paper revision. All authors have read and agreed to the final text.
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Communicated by Klaus Eimert.
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Cai, Y., Tang, L., Chen, H. et al. Somatic embryogenesis in Rosa chinensis cv. ‘Old Blush’. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 149, 645–656 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-022-02299-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-022-02299-0