Lophiiformes

Lophiiformes sunt pisces infraclassis Teleosteorum classis Actinopterygiorum.^[1] Qui inter Osteichthyes numeratur, propter eius proprium praedationis modum appellantur, in quo esca (vel illicium), caro ex capite crescens, illecebra aliorum piscium videtur.

Melanocetus johnsonii

Animalia — Chordata

Superclassis : Osteichthyes
Classis : Actinopterygii
Subclassis : Neopterygii
Infraclassis : Teleostei
Ordo : Lophiiformes
Garman, 1899

Palaeontologia

130–0 m.a.:

Cretaceo ineunte – recens

A, *Centrophryne spinulosa,* 136 mm SL; B, *Cryptopsaras couesii,* 34.5 mm SL; C, *Himantolophus appelii,* 124 mm SL; D, *Diceratias trilobus,* 86 mm SL; E, *Bufoceratias wedli,* 96 SL; F, *Bufoceratias shaoi,* 101 SL; G, *Melanocetus eustalus,* 93 mm SL; H, *Lasiognathus amphirhamphus,* 157 mm SL; I, *Thaumatichthys binghami,* 83 mm SL; J, *Chaenophryne quasiramifera,* 157 mm SL.

Sceletus *Lophii piscatorii*: prima pinnae dorsalis spina harundo piscatoria cum illecebra reapse imitatur.

Linophrynidae: *Haplophryne mollis* femina cum maribus adiunctis.

Chaunacidae: *Chaunax pictus* (B. K. Phillips).

Nonnulli lophiiformes extremo dimorphismo sexuali et symbiosi innotuerunt, ubi mas femina multo minor est, praecipue in subordine Ceratioideorum. In quibus speciebus, mares feminis nonnullis ordinibus magnitudinis minores esse possunt.^[2]

Lophiiformes per totum orbem terrarum fiunt. Nonnulli pelagici sunt, procul ab imo mari habitantes, sed alii benthici sunt, prope imum mare habitantes. Nonnulli in mari profundo (e.g., Ceratiidae), sed alii in pluteo continentali habitant (e.g., Antennariidae et Lophiidae). Formae pelagicae maxime lateraliter compressae, sed formae benthicae saepe dorsoventraliter compressae sunt, saepe oribus magnis et sursum indicantibus.

Evolutio

Phylogenetica genomatis mitochondrialis investigationes monstraverunt lophiiformes rapide inter sese diversos factos esse a Cretaceo ineunte ad medium, abhinc annorum ab 130 et 100 milliones.^[3]

Classificatio

FishBase,^[1] Nelson,^[4] et Pietsch^[5] duodeviginti familias, sed ITIS^[6] sedecim tantum perscribit. Taxa insequentia ad eorum coniunctiones evolutionarias monstrandas ordinantur.^[2]

Subordo Lophoiodei
- Lophiidae
Subordo Antennarioidei
Subordo Chaunacoidei
- Chaunacidae
Subordo Ogcocephaloidei
- Ogcocephalidae
Subordo Ceratioidei

Anatomia

Omnes Lophiiformes sunt carnivora et ergo ad praedam captandam apti sunt. Eorum colores a cano obscuro ad fuscum obscurum variant. Capita sunt magna, ora lunata, dentes longi et introrsus ad praedam facile ingerenda positi. Ei a 2 ad 18 centimetra longi fere sunt, sed nonnullae species ad 100 centimetra longi sunt,^[8] sed haec variatio propter dimorphismum sexualem plerumque est, feminis maribus permulto maioribus.^[9] Antennariidae aliaeque aquae tenuis species praedae insidiantur, et sese saxis, poriferis, algisve maritimis saepe dissimulant. ^[10]

Plurimis familiae Ceratidarum lophiiformibus adultis est esca, organum luminescens, in apice radii dorsalis mutati positum, quod illicio prodest.

Notae

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 "Lophiiformes" apud FishBase
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Pietsch, Theodore W. (25 Augusti 2005). "Dimorphism, parasitism, and sex revisited: modes of reproduction among deep-sea ceratioid anglerfishes (Teleostei: Lophiiformes)". Ichthyological Research 52 (3): 207–236 .
↑ Miya, M.; T. Pietsch; J. Orr; R. Arnold; T. Satoh; A. Shedlock; H. Ho; M. Shimazaki et al (2010). "Evolutionary history of anglerfishes (Teleostei: Lophiiformes): a mitogenomic perspective". BMC Evolutionary Biology 10: 58 .
↑ Nelson 1993.
↑ Pietsch 2009.
↑ "Lophiiformes". apud Integrated Taxonomic Information System
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 Boschma's frogfish and the four-armed frogfish are included in the Antennariidae in ITIS.
↑ Anglerfish. . National Geographic. 10 Septembris 2010 .
↑ Fish Identification. . fishbase.org
↑ "Camouflage" .

Bibliographia

Anderson, M. Eric, et Robin W. Leslie. 2001. "Review of the deep-sea anglerfishes (Lophiiformes: Ceratioidei) of southern Africa." Ichthyological Bulletin of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology 70. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Rhodes University. Editio interretialis.
Hubbs, Carl. 1958. "Ogcocephalus darwini, un nuevo pez endémico en las Islas Galápagos." Copeia (3): 15. doi:10.2307/1440581.
Murphy, Julie. 2015. Anglerfish. Ann Arbor Michiganiae: Cherry Lake Publishing. ISBN 9781631880247, ISBN 1631880241, ISBN 9781631880674 (charta), ISBN 1631880675 (charta).
Nelson, Joseph S. 1994. Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-54713-6.
Pietsch, Theodore W. 2009. Oceanic Anglerfishes: Extraordinary Diversity in the Deep Sea. Berkeleiae: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-25542-5.

Nexus externi

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Lophiiformes spectant (Lophiiformes, Lophioidei).

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad organismos bioluminescentes spectant (Lophiiformes, Lophioidei).

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad cibos Lophiiformium spectant (Lophiiformes, Lophioidei).

[fishbase-1] 1.0 ^1.1 "Lophiiformes" apud FishBase

[Pietsch-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Pietsch, Theodore W. (25 Augusti 2005). "Dimorphism, parasitism, and sex revisited: modes of reproduction among deep-sea ceratioid anglerfishes (Teleostei: Lophiiformes)". Ichthyological Research 52 (3): 207–236 .

[3] Miya, M.; T. Pietsch; J. Orr; R. Arnold; T. Satoh; A. Shedlock; H. Ho; M. Shimazaki et al (2010). "Evolutionary history of anglerfishes (Teleostei: Lophiiformes): a mitogenomic perspective". BMC Evolutionary Biology 10: 58 .

[4] Nelson 1993.

[Pietsch2-5] Pietsch 2009.

[6] "Lophiiformes". apud Integrated Taxonomic Information System

[itis-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Boschma's frogfish and the four-armed frogfish are included in the Antennariidae in ITIS.

[8] Anglerfish. . National Geographic. 10 Septembris 2010 .

[Anglerfish-9] Fish Identification. . fishbase.org

[Camouflage-10] "Camouflage" .

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