Dementia

Dementia^[1]^[2] est grave et globale facultatis cognitivae damnum in homine olim non debilitato. Hoc damnum superat id, quod ex senectute ordinaria exspectari potest. Dementia est aut constans, effecta per singulare et globale vulneris cerebri, aut progressiva, sequens aliquem morbum, e. g. Alzheimerianum et deminutionem diutinam efficiens. Quamquam dementia inter senes communior est, etiam ante aetatem 65 annorum fieri potest; quo facto, dementia praecox appellatur.^[3]

Cave: notitiae huius paginae nec praescriptiones nec consilia medica sunt.

Dementia non est morbus uniformis, sed potius syndroma aegritudinis non diserta (i.e., copia signorum et symptomatum), in quibus adfectae cognitionis regiones sunt memoria, attentio, lingua, et solutio problematum. Diagnosis usitate requirit, ut symptomata saltem sex menses adsint.^[4]; confusio cognitiva per tempora breviora, praecipue minus quam nonnulla hebdomada rite delirium appellatur. In omnibus confusionum cognitivarum generibus, superiores functiones mentis in progressione morbi primum adficiuntur.

Hodie tres typi principales discernuntur, tametsi saepe formae mixtae fiunt: dementia corticalis, dementia subcorticalis, et dementia frontalis. In dementia corticali imprimis memoria, calculatio, et lingua imminutae sunt, in dementia autem subcorticali, res exsecutivae et celeritas cognitionis, in dementia frontali demum personalitas, iudicium, et arbitrium.

In cura aegrotorum cum dementia non raro morum et psychologica symptomata circum dementiam valde onerose appareant.

Mala et morbi syndromam dementiae efficiens

Dementia syndroma, non morbi eo ipso, cum deductione cognitionis memoriaeque, variis malis morbisque efficitur. Tabula adhuc non completa videatur:

Mala et morbi neurodegenerativi

Angiopathia amyloido cerebralis
Dementia cum corpusculis Leweyi — frequentia secunda generum degenerativorum dementia^[5]; dementia velociter apparet, cum vigilantia fluctuante, alucinationibus opticis, instabilitate posturali, sed ambulatione non inhibita
Morbus Alzheimerianus — cum cursu tardivo
Morbus Creutzfeldt-Jakob — cum cursu rapido
Morbus Gerstmann et Sträussler et Scheinker
Morbus Huntington
Morbus Parkinson — dementia tarda (= non prius quam unum annum post symptomata motorica)
Neurodegeneratio pantothenati kinasi sociata - Dementia cum symptomatibus motoricis, hyperreflexia; ferri aggregationis intracerebrali causa
Prionopathia VPSPr

Dementiae frontotemporales

Conferatur pagina principalis Dementia frontotemporalis.

Dementia frontotemporalis varietatis se gerendi
Aphasia progressiva primaria varietatis semanticae (dementia semantica)
Aphasia progressiva primaria varietatis agrammaticae nonfluentis
Degeneratio corticobasalis
Paralysis supranuclearis progressiva — imprimis typus Parkinson cum cursu veloci, casibus ab initio numerosis
Dementia frontotemporalis cum morbo nervorum motoriorum sociata

Dementia vascularis

cum cursu fluctuante

Morbi malaque systematis immunitatis dementiis interdum commissa

Morbi systematis endocrinei

Hyperparathyreoidismus
Hyperthyreosis
Hypoparathyreoidismus
Hypothyreosis (functio glandulae thyreoideae iacens)

Alia

CADASIL
Angiopathia amyloido cerebralis (multiplices haemorrhagiae intracerebrales)
Hydrocephalus
Morbus mentis, imprimis depressio ("Pseudodementia")
Paranoia
Exsiccosis
Cancer cerebri
Alcoholismus

Morum et psychologica symptomata circum dementiam

In literatura internationali notio Anglica behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia cum abbreviatura BPSD legitur^[6]. Quod est, in morbis dementivis non solum symptomata dementia (memoriae et cogitationis), sed etiam alia, ut:

Insomnia, perturbatio rhythmi circadiani
Timor, depressio
Hyperphagia (nimis edere)
Dolor^[7]
Mos aggressivus^[8]

Quaedam symptomatum horum non raro observari possunt, ut depressio et timor^[9]. Non raro quoque cura et tractatio symptomatum istorum pondus maius quam dementiae ipsius requirit. Interventiones sint et non pharmacologicae et pharmacologicae.

De facultate disceptandi et autonomia in dementia

Ethica medica inter alias ad autonomiam aegroti spectat. In dementia non gravis facultas disceptandi haud impedita apparet^[10]. Quo alter ad aegroti auxilium surrogatus est, saepe disceptationes pro aegrotis instituere res difficiles sunt^[11].

Dementiae pericula et praesidia contra dementiam

Pericula, quae processum dementiae incitare possint:

Auditus diminutus prae causis et centralibus et periphericis^[12]
Solitudo causa certorum morborum, ut dementiae Alzheimerianae, in suspicionem cecidit^[13], nuper anno 2021 investigatione cardiaca Framinghamiensi dementiae Alzheimerianae iterum apparuit^[14].
Televisio^[15]
Schizophrenia. Putatur periculum dementiae apud schizophrenia afflictos homines augeri decies^[16].

Adhuc effectus salubritati utiles noti sunt:

Eruditio
Circumiectus virides arboribus pratisque^[17]

Nexus interni

Notae

↑ C. T. Lewis et C. Short, A Latin dictionary founded on Andrews' edition of Freund's Latin dictionary (Oxoniae: Clarendon Press, 1879).
↑ G. D. Arnaudov, Terminologia medica polyglotta. Latinum-Bulgarski-Russkij-English-Français-Deutsch (Serdicae: Editio medicina et physcultura, 1964).
↑ H. Fadil, A. Borazanci, E. A. B. Haddou, M. Yahyaoui, E. Korniychuk, S. L. Jaffe, et A. Minagar, "Early Onset Dementia," International Review of Neurobiology, 84 (2009): 245–262, doi 10.1016/S0074-7742(09)00413-9, ISBN 978-0-12-374833-1, pmid 19501722.
↑ "Dementia definition". MDGuidelines. Reed Group .
↑ McKeith I. G., Boeve B. F., Dickson D. W., Halliday G., Taylor J. P., Weintraub D., Aarsland D., Galvin J., Attems J., et al. (Iun 2017). "Diagnosis and management of dementia with Lewy bodies: Fourth consensus report of the DLB Consortium". Neurology 89 (1): 88-100 .
↑ Dyer S. M., Harrison S. L., Laver K., Whitehead C., Crotty M. (Mar 2019). "An overview of systematic reviews of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for the treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia". International psychogeriatrics 30 (3): 295-309 .
↑ Saepe aeger cum dementia dolorem non verbis suis exprimere potest, per haec observatio diligens magnum momentum habet.
↑ Memento discrimen inter "Lucius est aggressivus" et "Lucius morem aggressivum ostendit".
↑ Leung D. K. Y., Chan W. C., Spector A., Wong G. H. Y. (September 2021). "Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and apathy symptoms across dementia stages: A systematic review and meta-analysis". International journal of geriatric psychiatry 36 (9): 1330-44 .
↑ Moye J., Karel M. J., et al. (Apr 2004). Capacity to consent to treatment: empirical comparison of three instruments in older adults with and without dementia. 44. pp. 166-75 .
↑ Fetherstonhaugh D., McAuliffe L., et al. (Ian 2017). "Decision-making on behalf of people living with dementia: how do surrogate decision-makers decide?". Journal of medical ethics 43 (1): 35-40 .
↑ Panza F., Lozupone M., Sardone R., Battista P., Piccininni M., Dibello V., La Montagna M., Stallone R., Venezia P., et al. (Nov 2018). "Sensorial frailty: age-related hearing loss and the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia in later life". Therapeutic advances in chronic disease: 10:2040622318811000 .
↑ Wilson R. S., Krueger K. R., Arnold S. E., Schneider J. A., Kelly J. F., Barnes L. L., Tang Y., Bennett D. A. (Februarius 2007). "Loneliness and risk of Alzheimer disease". Archives of general psychiatry 64 (2): 234-40 doi:10.1001/archpsyc.64.2.234.
↑ Akhter-Khan S. C., Tao Q., Ang T. F. A., Itchapurapu I. S., Alosco M. L., Mez J., Piers R. J., Steffens D. C., Au R., Qiu W. Q. (Oct 2021). "Associations of loneliness with risk of Alzheimer's disease dementia in the Framingham Heart Study". Alzheimer's & dementia 17 (10): 1619–27 doi:10.1002/alz.12327.
↑ Fancourt D., Steptoe A. (2019). "Television viewing and cognitive decline in older age: findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing". Scientific reports 9 (1): 2851
↑ Stroup T. S., Olfson M., Huang C., Wall M. M., Goldberg T., Devanand D. P., Gerhard T. (Iunius 2021). "Age-Specific Prevalence and Incidence of Dementia Diagnoses Among Older US Adults With Schizophrenia". JAMA psychiatry 78 (6): 632–41 .
↑ Astell-Burt T., Navakatikyan M.A., Feng X. (Dec 2020). "Urban green space, tree canopy and 11-year risk of dementia in a cohort of 109,688 Australians". Environment international: 106102 doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.106102.

Bibliographia

S. Peleg, F. Sananbenesi, A. Zovoilis, S. Burkhardt, S. Bahari-Javan, R. C. Agis-Balboa, P. Cota, J. L. Wittnam, A. Gogol-Doering, L. Opitz, G. Salinas-Riester, M. Dettenhofer, H. Kang, L. Farinelli, W. Chen, et A. Fischer (2010), Altered histone acetylation is associated with age-dependent memory impairment in mice, Science 328 (5979) :753–56.

Nexus externi

AFAL, www.afal.es
Alzheimer´s Disease International, www.alz.co.uk
Alzheimer Europe, www.alzheimer-europe.org
CEAFA, www.ceafa.es
Dementiae, www.hipocampo.org
De dimentia senili, www.salud.es
Encyclopaedia Dementiarum, www.demencias.com
WHO (Ordo mundi sanitarius): Deminuere pericula dementiae (Anglice)

[Lewis_&_Short-1] C. T. Lewis et C. Short, A Latin dictionary founded on Andrews' edition of Freund's Latin dictionary (Oxoniae: Clarendon Press, 1879).

[Arnaudov-2] G. D. Arnaudov, Terminologia medica polyglotta. Latinum-Bulgarski-Russkij-English-Français-Deutsch (Serdicae: Editio medicina et physcultura, 1964).

[3] H. Fadil, A. Borazanci, E. A. B. Haddou, M. Yahyaoui, E. Korniychuk, S. L. Jaffe, et A. Minagar, "Early Onset Dementia," International Review of Neurobiology, 84 (2009): 245–262, doi 10.1016/S0074-7742(09)00413-9, ISBN 978-0-12-374833-1, pmid 19501722.

[Def-4] "Dementia definition". MDGuidelines. Reed Group .

[5] McKeith I. G., Boeve B. F., Dickson D. W., Halliday G., Taylor J. P., Weintraub D., Aarsland D., Galvin J., Attems J., et al. (Iun 2017). "Diagnosis and management of dementia with Lewy bodies: Fourth consensus report of the DLB Consortium". Neurology 89 (1): 88-100 .

[6] Dyer S. M., Harrison S. L., Laver K., Whitehead C., Crotty M. (Mar 2019). "An overview of systematic reviews of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for the treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia". International psychogeriatrics 30 (3): 295-309 .

[7] Saepe aeger cum dementia dolorem non verbis suis exprimere potest, per haec observatio diligens magnum momentum habet.

[8] Memento discrimen inter "Lucius est aggressivus" et "Lucius morem aggressivum ostendit".

[9] Leung D. K. Y., Chan W. C., Spector A., Wong G. H. Y. (September 2021). "Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and apathy symptoms across dementia stages: A systematic review and meta-analysis". International journal of geriatric psychiatry 36 (9): 1330-44 .

[10] Moye J., Karel M. J., et al. (Apr 2004). Capacity to consent to treatment: empirical comparison of three instruments in older adults with and without dementia. 44. pp. 166-75 .

[11] Fetherstonhaugh D., McAuliffe L., et al. (Ian 2017). "Decision-making on behalf of people living with dementia: how do surrogate decision-makers decide?". Journal of medical ethics 43 (1): 35-40 .

[12] Panza F., Lozupone M., Sardone R., Battista P., Piccininni M., Dibello V., La Montagna M., Stallone R., Venezia P., et al. (Nov 2018). "Sensorial frailty: age-related hearing loss and the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia in later life". Therapeutic advances in chronic disease: 10:2040622318811000 .

[13] Wilson R. S., Krueger K. R., Arnold S. E., Schneider J. A., Kelly J. F., Barnes L. L., Tang Y., Bennett D. A. (Februarius 2007). "Loneliness and risk of Alzheimer disease". Archives of general psychiatry 64 (2): 234-40 doi:10.1001/archpsyc.64.2.234.

[14] Akhter-Khan S. C., Tao Q., Ang T. F. A., Itchapurapu I. S., Alosco M. L., Mez J., Piers R. J., Steffens D. C., Au R., Qiu W. Q. (Oct 2021). "Associations of loneliness with risk of Alzheimer's disease dementia in the Framingham Heart Study". Alzheimer's & dementia 17 (10): 1619–27 doi:10.1002/alz.12327.

[15] Fancourt D., Steptoe A. (2019). "Television viewing and cognitive decline in older age: findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing". Scientific reports 9 (1): 2851

[16] Stroup T. S., Olfson M., Huang C., Wall M. M., Goldberg T., Devanand D. P., Gerhard T. (Iunius 2021). "Age-Specific Prevalence and Incidence of Dementia Diagnoses Among Older US Adults With Schizophrenia". JAMA psychiatry 78 (6): 632–41 .

[17] Astell-Burt T., Navakatikyan M.A., Feng X. (Dec 2020). "Urban green space, tree canopy and 11-year risk of dementia in a cohort of 109,688 Australians". Environment international: 106102 doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.106102.

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