Angiospermae
Angiospermae, olim Magnoliophyta, sunt plantae florentes in diversissimo embryophytorum (plantarum terrestrium) grege. Quae cum gymnospermis sunt soli spermatophytorum greges vivi. Apomorphiis (proprietatibus deductis) distinguuntur ab aliis plantis quae semina faciunt. Maiores plantarum florentium a gymnospermis abhinc annorum circa 245–202 decies centena milia decesserunt.
Classificatio
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| Phylogenia angiospermarum. |
Sunt octo angiospermarum viventium greges:
- Amborella: singularis frutex in Nova Caledonia
- Nymphaeales: circa 80 species[3] (Nymphaeaceae et Hydatellaceae)
- Austrobaileyales: circa 100 species[3] plantarum lignearum in variis mundi regionibus
- Chloranthales: circa 50 species plantarum aromaticarum foliis dentatis
- Ceratophyllum: circa 6 species[3] plantarum aquaticarum
- Magnoliidae: circa 9000 species,[3]
- Eudicotyledones: circa 175 000 species,[3]
- Monocotyledones: circa 70 000 species,[3]
Diversitas angiospermarum
recensereNumerus specierum angiospermarum inter 250 000 et 400 000 aestimatur.[4][5][6] Numerus familiarum in APG (1998) fuit 462. In APG II (2003), maximus est 457, sed hic numerus 55 segregata opinabilia continet; minimus ergo numerus hoc in systemate est 402.
Diversissimae angiospermarum familiae, in circumscriptionibus APG, ordine numeri specierum, sunt:
- Asteraceae: 23,600[7]
- Orchidaceae: 21,950[7]
- Fabaceae: 19,400[7]
- Rubiaceae: 13,183[8]
- Poaceae: 10,035[7]
- Lamiaceae: 7,173[7]
- Euphorbiaceae: 5,735[7]
- Myrtaceae: 4,620[7]
- Melastomataceae: 4,570[7]
- Cyperaceae: 4,350[7]
Hoc in indice (maximas decem familias monstrante), Orchidaceae, Poaceae, et Cyperaceae sunt monocotyledones; aliae sunt eudicotyledones.
Notae
recensere- ↑ Lindley, J (1830). Introduction to the Natural System of Botany. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green. xxxvi
- ↑ Cantino, Philip D.; James A. Doyle, Sean W. Graham, Walter S. Judd, Richard G. Olmstead, Douglas E. Soltis, Pamela S. Soltis, & Michael J. Donoghue (2007). "Towards a phylogenetic nomenclature of Tracheophyta". Taxon 56 (3): E1–E44.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Jeffrey D. Palmer, Douglas E. Soltis and Mark W. Chase, Chase, M. W. (2004). Figure 2. "The plant tree of life: an overview and some points of view". American Journal of Botany 91: 1437–1445
- ↑ Scotland, R. W., et A. H. Wortley. 2003. "How many species of seed plants are there?" Taxon 52(1):101–104. Doi=10.2307/3647306.
- ↑ Thorne, R. F. 2002. "How many species of seed plants are there?" Taxon 51(3):511–522. Doi=10.2307/1554864.
- ↑ Govaerts, R. 2003. "How many species of seed plants are there?—A Response." Taxon 52(3):583–584. Doi=10.2307/3647457.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 Angiosperm Phylogeny Website
- ↑ Kew Scientist no. 30 (Octobri 2006)
Bibliographia
recensere- Bell, Charles D., Douglas E. Soltis, Pamela S. Soltis. 2010. "The age and diversification of the angiosperms re-revisited." American Journal of Botany vol. 97 (2010) pp. 1296-1303. JSTOR recensio anterior
- Cronquist, Arthur. 1981 An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants. Novi Eboraci: Columbia University Press.
- Dilcher, D. 2000. "Toward a new synthesis: Major evolutionary trends in the angiosperm fossil record." PNAS [Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America] 97:7030–7036
- J. Doyle, "Molecular and fossil evidence on the origin of Angiosperms" in Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Sciences vol. 40 (2012) pp. 301–326
- Heywood, V. H., R. K. Brummitt, A. Culham, A., et O. Seberg. 2007. Flowering Plant Families of the World. Richmond Hill, Ontario: Firefly Books. ISBN 1-55407-206-9.
- Hong Qian, Yi Jin. 2016. "An updated megaphylogeny of plants, a tool for generating plant phylogenies and an analysis of phylogenetic community structure." Journal of Plant Ecology vol. 9 (2016) pp. 233–239 eadem res alibi
- Janssens, Steven B. 2020. "A large-scale species level dated angiosperm phylogeny for evolutionary and ecological analyses". Biodiversity Data Journal vol. 8 e39677
- Raven, P. H., et D. I. Axelrod. 1974. "Angiosperm biogeography and past continental movements." Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 61: 539–673. JSTOR
- Raven, P. H., R. F. Evert, et S. E. Eichhorn. 2004. Biology of Plants. Editio 7a. W. H. Freeman.
- Scutt, Charles P. 2018. "The Origin of Angiosperms." In: L. Nuño de la Rosa, G.B. Müller (edd.), Evolutionary Developmental Biology. Springer.
- Simpson, M. G. 2006. Plant Systematics. Elsevier Academic Press.
- Soltis, Douglas E., et al. 2010. "Assembling the Angiosperm Tree of Life: Progress and Future Prospects." Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden vol. 97 pp. 514-526.
- Thorne, Robert F. 1992-2000. "The classification and geography of the flowering plants." Botanical Review vol. 58 pp. 225-348 JSTOR, vol. 66 pp. 441–647 JSTOR.
- Thorne, Robert F. 2002. "How many species of seed plants are there?" Taxon vol. 51 (2002) pp. 511-512.
- Watson, L., et M. J. Dallwitz. 1992+. The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.
- Wikström, Niklas, Vincent Savolainen, Mark W. Chase. 2001. "Evolution of the Angiosperms: Calibrating the Family Tree" in Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences vol. 268 (2001) pp. 2211-2220 JSTOR
- Zanne, Amy E. et al. 2014. "Three keys to the radiation of angiosperms into freezing environments". Nature vol. 506 (2013) pp. 89–92 eadem res alibi res corrigenda
Nexus externi
recensere| Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Angiospermas spectant. |
| Vide "Magnoliophyta" apud Vicispecies. |
- Angiospermae, UC Berkeley video lecture
- Cole, Theodor C. H., et Harmut H. Hilger. Angiosperm Phylogeny Poster – Flowering Plant Systematics, www.biologie.fu-berlin.de
- Cromie, William J. 1999. "Oldest Known Flowering Plants Identified By Genes." Harvard Gazette, 16 Decembris.
- Watson, L. and Dallwitz, M.J. (1992+). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.