F Sharp

(* This is commented *)
(* Sample hello world program *)
printfn "Hello World!"

let rec factorial n =
    match n with
    | 0I -> 1I
    | _ -> n * factorial (n - 1I)

open List
(* print a list of numbers recursively *)
let rec printlist lst =
    if lst <> [] then
        printf "%d\n" (nth lst 0)
        printlist (tl lst)

(* Same thing, using matching against list elements *)
let rec printlist2 l =
    match l with
    | []     -> ()
    | h :: t -> printfn "%A" h
                printlist2 t

(* Using shorthand for match *)
let rec printlist3 = function
    | []     -> ()
    | h :: t -> printfn "%A" h
                printlist3 t

(* Or, using a higher-order function *)
let printlist4 lst = List.iter (printfn "%A") lst

(* Fibonacci Number formula *)
let rec fib n =
    match n with
    | 0 | 1 -> n
    | _ -> fib (n - 1) + fib (n - 2)

(* An alternative approach - a lazy recursive sequence of Fibonacci numbers *)
let rec fibs = seq {
    yield! [1; 1];
    for (x, y) in Seq.zip fibs (Seq.skip 1 fibs) -> x + y }

(* Print even fibs *)
[1 .. 10]
|> List.map     fib
|> List.filter  (fun n -> (n % 2) = 0)
|> printlist

(* Same thing, using Comprehension syntax *)
[ for i in 1..10 do
    let r = fib i
    if r % 2 = 0 then yield r ]
|> printlist

(* Sample Windows Forms Program *)

(* We need to open the Windows Forms library *)
open System.Windows.Forms

(* Create a window and set a few properties *)
let form = new Form(Visible=true, TopMost=true, Text="Welcome to F#")

(* Create a label to show some text in the form *)
let label =
    let temp = new Label()
    let x = 3 + (4 * 5)
    (* Set the value of the Text*)
    temp.Text <- sprintf "x = %d" x
    (* Remember to return a value! *)
    temp

(* Add the label to the form *)
do form.Controls.Add(label)

(* Finally, run the form *)
[<STAThread>]
do Application.Run(form)

(* async workflows sample (parallel tasks) *)

(* very naive prime number detector *)
let is_prime (n:int) =
 let bound = int (System.Math.Sqrt(float n)) in
  {2 .. bound} |> Seq.exists (fun x -> n % x = 0) |> not

(* we are using async workflows *)
let primeAsync n =
    async { return (n, is_prime n) }

(* return primes between m and n using multiple threads *)  
let primes m n =
    {m .. n}
        |> Seq.map primeAsync
        |> Async.Parallel
        |> Async.RunSynchronously
        |> Array.filter snd
        |> Array.map fst

(* run a test *)
primes 1000000 1002000
    |> Array.iter (printfn "%d")