Mencawak
| Mencawak Kalamangsa: Miocene to present | |
|---|---|
| |
| Rock monitor (Varanus albigularis) | |
| Klasifikasi ngèlmiah | |
| Karajan: | Animalia |
| Filum: | Chordata |
| Klas: | Reptilia |
| Ordho: | Squamata |
| Famili: | Varanidae |
| Génus: | Varanus
|
| Spésies tipe | |
| Varanus varius Shaw, 1790 | |
| Subgenera | |
| |
Mencawak, menyawak, nyambik utawa slira/salira (Varanus), yaiku kadhal gedhé asli saka Afrika, Asia lan Oséania. Nanging saik uga tinemu ing Amérika minangka spésiès invasif. Ana 79 spésiès kang saiki wis kenali.
Wedharan
[besut | besut sumber]Mencawak kalebu jinis kadhal kang gedhé, duwé gulu kang dawa, buntut lan cakar kang rosa. Dawané saka 20 cm nganti luwi saka 3 m mligi tumrap menyawak komodho. Déné jinis Varanus priscus kang wus cures malah luwih saka 7 m. Akéh jinis mencawak kang karnivora kanthi mangan gegremet, urang-urangan, endhog, rèptil cilik, iwak lan mamalia cilik. Akéh-akéhé mencawak mangan kéwan invertebrata nalika isih nom, déné sawisé diwasa mangan kéwan vertebrata. Menyawak komodho diwasa, jinis menyawak kang paling gedhé luwih saka 50% pangané rupa kidang[1]. Déné 3 spésiès mencawak saka Filipina kang urip ing wit, yaiku Varanus bitatawa, Varanus mabitang, lan Varanus olivaceus mung mangan woh-wohan[2][3][4].
Racaké mencawak urip dhéwé, nanging uga bisa urip ing kelompok nganti cacah 25 ing ékosistem kang larang banyu.
Spésiès
[besut | besut sumber]
Génus Varanus
- Spqcixs kang ditengeri † ateges wis cures
Subgénus Empagusia:
Subgénus Euprepiosaurus:[5]
- V. beccarii
- V. boehmei
- V. caerulivirens
- V. cerambonensis
- V. doreanus
- V. finschi
- V. indicus
- V. jobiensis
- V. juxtindicus
- V. keithhornei[6]
- V. kordensis
- V. macraei
- V. melinus[7]
- V. lirungensis
- V. obor
- V. prasinus[8]
- V. rainerguentheri
- V. reisingeri [9]
- V. spinulosus
- V. semotus[10]
- V. telenesetes
- V. zugorum
Subgénus Odatria:
- V. acanthurus
- V. a. acanthurus
- V. a. brachyurus
- V. a. insulanicus
- V. auffenbergi
- V. baritji[11]
- V. brevicauda
- V. bushi
- V. caudolineatus
- V. eremius
- V. gilleni
- V. glauerti
- V. glebopalma
- V. hamersleyensis
- V. kingorum
- V. mitchelli
- V. sparnus
- V. storri
- V. s. storri
- V. s. ocreatus
- V. timorensis
- V. tristis
- V. t. orientalis
Subgénus Papusaurus:
Subgénus Philippinosaurus:
Subgénus Polydaedalus:
- V. albigularis
- V. a. albigularis
- V. a. angolensis
- V. a. microstictus
- V. exanthematicus
- V. niloticus
- V. ornatus
- V. stellatus
Subgénus Psammosaurus:
- V. griseus
- V. g. griseus
- V. g. caspius
- V. g. koniecznyi
- V. nesterovi
Subgénus Soterosaurus:
- V. bangonorom[12]
- V. cumingi
- V. dalubhasa
- V. marmoratus
- V. nuchalis
- V. palawanensis
- V. rasmusseni [13][14]
- V. salvator, Mencawak banyu
- V. s. salvator,
- V. s. andamanensis
- V. s. bivittatus
- V. s. macromaculatus
- V. s. ziegleri
Subgénus †Varaneades:
Subgénus Varanus:
- V. giganteus
- V. gouldii
- V. komodoensis, Komodho
- V. mertensi
- V. panoptes
- V. p. panoptes
- V. p. horni
- V. p. rubidus
- †V. priscus(cures)
- V. rosenbergi
- V. spenceri
- V. varius
Rujukan
[besut | besut sumber]- ↑ Auffenberg, Walter (1981). The Behavioral Ecology of the Komodo Monitor. University Press of Florida.
- ↑ Greene, Harry W. (1986). Diet and Arboreality in the Emerald Monitor, Varanus Prasinus, with Comments on the Study of Adaptation. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History. OCLC 14915452. Dibukak ing 12 December 2013.
- ↑ Welton, L. J.; Siler, C. D.; Bennett, D.; Diesmos, A.; Duya, M. R.; Dugay, R.; Rico, E. L. B.; Van Weerd, M.; Brown, R. M. (2010). "A spectacular new Philippine monitor lizard reveals a hidden biogeographic boundary and a novel flagship species for conservation". Biology Letters. 6 (5): 654–658. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2010.0119. PMC 2936141. PMID 20375042.
- ↑ Struck, U; Altenbach, AV; Gaulke, M; F, Glaw (2002). "Tracing the diet of the monitor lizard Varanus mabitang by stable isotope analyses (d15N, d13C)". Naturwissenschaften. 89: 470–473. doi:10.1007/s00114-002-0361-8.
- ↑ Ziegler, Thomas; Schmitz, Andreas; Koch, Andre; Böhme, Wolfgang (2007). "A review of the subgenus Euprepiosaurus of Varanus (Squamata: Varanidae): morphological and molecular phylogeny, distribution and zoogeography, with an identification key for the members of the V. indicus and the V. prasimus species groups". Zootaxa 1472: 1-28.
- ↑ Varanus keithhornei, The Reptile Database
- ↑ Weijola, Valter; Sweet, Samuel (2010). "A new melanistic species of lizard (Reptilia: Squamata: Varanidae) from Sanana Island, Indonesia" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2434: 17–32.
- ↑ Varanus prasinus, The Reptile Database
- ↑ Eidenmüller, Bernd; Wicker, Rudolf (2005). "Eine weitere neue Waranart aus dem Varanus prasinus-Komplex von den Insel Misol, Indonesian ". Sauria 27 (1): 3-8. (Varanus reisingeri, new species). (in German).
- ↑ Weijola, Valter; Donnellan, Stephen; Lindqvist, Christer (2016). "A new blue-tailed lizard (Reptilia, Squamata, Varanus) of the Varanus indicus group from Mussau Island, Papua New Guinea". ZooKeys. 568 (568): 129–54. doi:10.3897/zookeys.568.6872. PMC 4829673. PMID 27103877.
- ↑ Varanus baritji, The Reptile Database
- ↑ https://news.ku.edu/2015/01/12/undercover-researchers-expose-two-new-species-lizard-sale-philippine-black-market
- ↑ Koch, André; Gaulke, Maren; Böhme, Wolfgang (2010). "Unravelling the underestimated diversity of Philippine water Lizards (Squamata: Varanus salvator complex), with description of two new species and a new subspecies". Zootaxa 2446: 1-54. (Varanus rasmusseni, new species, p. 28).
- ↑ "Varanus (Soterosaurus) rasmusseni ". The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.