Aiuto:Prontuario TeX

In questa pagina presentiamo i segni e i costrutti facenti parte del sottolinguaggio TeX/LaTeX che consente l'inserimento di formule matematiche nelle pagine di Wikipedia. Le possibilità sono presentate in ordine alfabetico al fine di facilitare il ritrovamento da parte di chi possegga già qualche conoscenza di TeX o LaTeX.

In questa pagina si intendono anche fornire esempi tendenzialmente significativi, al fine di stimolare la omogeneità delle notazioni.

accenti e segni diacritici

${\displaystyle {\grave {a}}}$	\grave{a}	${\displaystyle {\acute {e}}}$	\acute{e}
${\displaystyle {\hat {H}}}$	\hat{H}	${\displaystyle {\check {c}}}$	\check{c}
${\displaystyle {\bar {\mathbf {v} }}}$	\bar{\mathbf{v}}	${\displaystyle {\vec {\mathcal {M}}}}$	\vec{\mathcal{M}}
${\displaystyle {\dot {\rho }}}$	\dot{\rho}	${\displaystyle {\ddot {\mathsf {X}}}}$	\ddot{\mathsf{X}}
${\displaystyle {\breve {o}}}$	\breve{o}	${\displaystyle {\tilde {N}}}$	\tilde{N}

angoli

${\displaystyle 15^{\circ }12'38}$	15^\circ 12' 38	${\displaystyle A{\hat {B}}C}$	A \hat B C
${\displaystyle {\widehat {HJK}}}$	\widehat{HJK}	${\displaystyle \angle A{\hat {B}}C}$	\angle A \hat B C
${\displaystyle {\widehat {\mathbf {vw} }}}$	\widehat{\mathbf{vw}}	${\displaystyle \angle {\vec {OA}}{\vec {OB}}}$	\angle \vec{OA} \vec{OB}

binomiali, coefficienti

${\displaystyle {n \choose k}:={\frac {n!}{k!(n-k)!}}}$	{n \choose k} := \frac{n!}{k!(n-k)!}
${\displaystyle {n \choose k}={n-1 \choose k-1}+{n-1 \choose k}}$	{n \choose k} = (n-1 \choose k-1} + (n-1 \choose k}

calligrafica, font

vedi font speciali

complessi, espressioni per numeri

${\displaystyle \,z=x+iy=\rho e^{i\theta }=|z|e^{i\arg z}}$		z = x + iy = \rho e^{i \theta} = |z| e^{i \arg z}
${\displaystyle \Re (x+iy)=x}$	\Re(x + iy) = x	${\displaystyle \Im (x+iy)=y}$	\Im(x + iy) = y

derivate

${\displaystyle {d \over dx}f(x)}$	{d\over dx} f(x)	${\displaystyle {\partial \over \partial y}F(x,y)}$	{\partial \over \partial y} F(x,y)
${\displaystyle \nabla \;\partial x\;dx\;{\dot {x}}\;{\ddot {y}}\;\psi (x)}$		\nabla, \partial x, dx, \dot x, \ddot y, \psi(x)

determinanti

${\displaystyle \det \left[{\frac {\partial }{\partial x_{i}}}{\frac {\partial }{\partial x_{j}}}\,|\,1\leq i,j\leq n\right]}$	\det\left[\frac{\partial}{\partial x_i}\frac{\partial}{\partial x_j} \,|\, 1\leq i,j\leq n \right]
${\displaystyle {\begin{vmatrix}1&1&1&1\\1&2&3&4\\1&3&6&10\\1&4&10&20\end{vmatrix}}=1}$	\begin{vmatrix} 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\ 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 \\ 1 & 3 & 6 & 10 \\ 1 & 4 & 10 & 20 \end{vmatrix} = 1

disponibili, segni

${\displaystyle \heartsuit }$	\heartsuit	${\displaystyle \spadesuit }$	\spadesuit	${\displaystyle \clubsuit }$	\clubsuit	${\displaystyle \diamondsuit }$	\diamondsuit
${\displaystyle \imath }$	\imath	${\displaystyle \ell }$	\ell	${\displaystyle \wp }$	\wp	${\displaystyle \mho }$	\mho
${\displaystyle \flat }$	\flat	${\displaystyle \natural }$	\natural	${\displaystyle \sharp }$	\sharp	${\displaystyle {\mathcal {x}}}$	\mathcal{x}
${\displaystyle \top }$	\top	${\displaystyle \bot }$	\bot	${\displaystyle \Box }$	\Box	${\displaystyle \Diamond }$	\Diamond

ebraiche, lettere

\aleph   ${\displaystyle \aleph }$       \beth ${\displaystyle \beth }$       \gimel ${\displaystyle \gimel }$       \daleth${\displaystyle \daleth }$

entità particolari

${\displaystyle \emptyset }$   \emptyset	${\displaystyle \infty }$   \infty	${\displaystyle \hbar }$   \hbar
${\displaystyle \mathbb {N} }$   \N	${\displaystyle \mathbb {R} }$   \R

esponenziali

10^{a+b}   ${\displaystyle 10^{a+b}}$       \,10^{a+b}\,   ${\displaystyle \,10^{a+b}\,}$       e^{-x^2}   ${\displaystyle e^{-x^{2}}}$       ${\displaystyle {{4^{4}}^{4}}^{4}}$   {{4^4}^4}^4       ${\displaystyle {{{5^{5}}^{5}}^{5}}^{5}}$   {{{5^5}^5}^5}^5

font, confronto

${\displaystyle {\mathcal {CALLIGRAFICA}}}$   \mathcal{CALLIGRAFICA}

${\displaystyle {\mathit {Corsivo\ (Italic)}}}$   \mathit{Corsivo\ (Italic)}

${\displaystyle {\mathfrak {fraktur\ minuscolo}}}$   \mathfrak{fraktur\ minuscolo}

${\displaystyle {\mathfrak {FRAKTUR\ MAIUSCOLO}}}$   \mathfrak{FRAKTUR\ MAIUSCOLO}

${\displaystyle \mathbf {Grassetto\ (boldface)} }$   \mathbf{Grassetto (boldface)}

${\displaystyle \mathrm {Normale\ (Roman)} }$   \mathrm{Normale\ (Roman)}

${\displaystyle {\mathsf {Sans\ Serif}}}$   \mathsf{Sans\ Serif}

${\displaystyle \mathbb {STILE\ LAVAGNA} }$   \mathbb{STILE\ LAVAGNA}

fraktur, font

${\displaystyle {\mathfrak {abcdefghijklm}}{\mathfrak {nopqrstuvwxyz}}}$   \mathfrak{abcdefghijklm} \mathfrak{nopqrstuvwxyz}

${\displaystyle {\mathfrak {ABCDEFGHIJKLM}}{\mathfrak {NOPQRSTUVWXYZ}}}$   \mathfrak{ABCDEFGHIJKLM} \mathfrak{NOPQRSTUVWXYZ}

frazioni

{a\over b}   ${\displaystyle {a \over b}}$       \frac{x+a}{x^2-2x+5}   ${\displaystyle {\frac {x+a}{x^{2}-2x+5}}}$

frecce

\leftarrow   ${\displaystyle \leftarrow }$	\rightarrow   ${\displaystyle \rightarrow }$	\uparrow   ${\displaystyle \uparrow }$
\longleftarrow   ${\displaystyle \longleftarrow }$	\longrightarrow   ${\displaystyle \longrightarrow }$	\downarrow   ${\displaystyle \downarrow }$
\Leftarrow   ${\displaystyle \Leftarrow }$	\Rightarrow   ${\displaystyle \Rightarrow }$	\Uparrow   ${\displaystyle \Uparrow }$
\Longleftarrow   ${\displaystyle \Longleftarrow }$	\Longrightarrow   ${\displaystyle \Longrightarrow }$	\Downarrow   ${\displaystyle \Downarrow }$
\leftrightarrow   ${\displaystyle \leftrightarrow }$	\updownarrow   ${\displaystyle \updownarrow }$
\Leftrightarrow   ${\displaystyle \Leftrightarrow }$	\Longleftrightarrow   ${\displaystyle \Longleftrightarrow }$	\Updownarrow   ${\displaystyle \Updownarrow }$
\to   ${\displaystyle \to }$	\mapsto   ${\displaystyle \mapsto }$	\longmapsto   ${\displaystyle \longmapsto }$
\hookleftarrow   ${\displaystyle \hookleftarrow }$	\hookrightarrow   ${\displaystyle \hookrightarrow }$	\nearrow   ${\displaystyle \nearrow }$
\searrow   ${\displaystyle \searrow }$	\swarrow   ${\displaystyle \swarrow }$	\nwarrow   ${\displaystyle \nwarrow }$

funzioni standard, simboli per le

\arccos	\cos	\csc	\exp	\ker	\limsup	\min	\sinh
\arcsin	\cosh	\deg	\gcd	\lg	\ln	\Pr	\sup
\arctan	\cot	\det	\hom	\lim	\log	\sec	\tan
\arg	\coth	\dim	\inf	\liminf	\max	\sin	\tanh

geometria, simboli per la

${\displaystyle \triangle }$   \triangle             ${\displaystyle \angle }$   \angle      

grassetto, caratteri in

lettere normali	\mathbf{x}, \mathbf{y}, \mathbf{Z}	${\displaystyle \mathbf {x} ,\mathbf {y} ,\mathbf {Z} }$
lettere greche	\boldsymbol{\alpha}, \boldsymbol{\beta}, \boldsymbol{\gamma}	${\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\alpha }},{\boldsymbol {\beta }},{\boldsymbol {\gamma }}}$

greche, lettere

\alpha , ${\displaystyle \alpha }$	\vartheta , ${\displaystyle \vartheta }$	\varpi , ${\displaystyle \varpi }$	\chi , ${\displaystyle \chi }$	\Eta , ${\displaystyle \mathrm {H} }$	\Pi , ${\displaystyle \Pi }$
\beta , ${\displaystyle \beta }$	\iota , ${\displaystyle \iota }$	\rho , ${\displaystyle \rho }$	\psi , ${\displaystyle \psi }$	\Theta , ${\displaystyle \Theta }$	\Rho , ${\displaystyle \mathrm {P} }$
\gamma , ${\displaystyle \gamma }$	\kappa , ${\displaystyle \kappa }$	\varrho , ${\displaystyle \varrho }$	\omega , ${\displaystyle \omega }$	\Iota , ${\displaystyle \mathrm {I} }$	\Sigma , ${\displaystyle \Sigma }$
\delta , ${\displaystyle \delta }$	\lambda , ${\displaystyle \lambda }$	\sigma , ${\displaystyle \sigma }$	\Alpha , ${\displaystyle \mathrm {A} }$	\Kappa , ${\displaystyle \mathrm {K} }$	\Tau , ${\displaystyle \mathrm {T} }$
\epsilon , ${\displaystyle \epsilon }$	\mu , ${\displaystyle \mu }$	\varsigma , ${\displaystyle \varsigma }$	\Beta , ${\displaystyle \mathrm {B} }$	\Lambda , ${\displaystyle \Lambda }$	\Upsilon , ${\displaystyle \Upsilon }$
\varepsilon , ${\displaystyle \varepsilon }$	\nu , ${\displaystyle \nu }$	\tau , ${\displaystyle \tau }$	\Gamma , ${\displaystyle \Gamma }$	\Mu , ${\displaystyle \mathrm {M} }$	\Phi , ${\displaystyle \Phi }$
\zeta , ${\displaystyle \zeta }$	\xi , ${\displaystyle \xi }$	\upsilon , ${\displaystyle \upsilon }$	\Delta , ${\displaystyle \Delta }$	\Nu , ${\displaystyle \mathrm {N} }$	\Chi , ${\displaystyle \mathrm {X} }$
\eta , ${\displaystyle \eta }$	o (gewoon o) , ${\displaystyle o}$	\phi , ${\displaystyle \phi }$	\Epsilon , ${\displaystyle \mathrm {E} }$	\Xi , ${\displaystyle \Xi }$	\Psi , ${\displaystyle \Psi }$
\theta , ${\displaystyle \theta }$	\pi , ${\displaystyle \pi }$	\varphi , ${\displaystyle \varphi }$	\Zeta , ${\displaystyle \mathrm {Z} }$	O (gewoon O), ${\displaystyle O}$	\Omega , ${\displaystyle \Omega }$

insiemi, espressioni concernenti

${\displaystyle f\left(\bigcap _{i=1}^{n}S_{i}\right)\subseteq \bigcap _{i=1}^{n}f\left(S_{i}\right)}$   f\left(\bigcap_{i=1}^n S_i\right) \subseteq \bigcap_{i=1}^n f\left(S_i\right)

integrali

${\displaystyle \int }$   \int       ${\displaystyle \iint }$   \iint       ${\displaystyle \iiint }$   \iiint       ${\displaystyle \oint }$   \oint

${\displaystyle \int _{-2\pi }^{2\pi }f(x)dx}$     \int_{-2\pi}^{2\pi} f(x) dx      

${\displaystyle \int _{-\infty }^{\infty }dx\;e^{-(x-m)^{2} \over 2\sigma ^{2}}g(x)}$     \int_{-\infty}^\infty dx\;e^{-(x-m)^2\over 2\sigma^2} g(x)

limiti

${\displaystyle \lim _{n\to \infty }x_{n}}$   \lim_{n \to \infty}x_n

logica

${\displaystyle p\land \wedge \;\bigwedge \;{\bar {q}}\to p\ }$   p \land \wedge \; \bigwedge \; \bar{q} \to p\

${\displaystyle \lor \;\vee \;\bigvee \;\lnot \;\neg q\;\setminus \;\smallsetminus }$   \lor \; \vee \; \bigvee \; \lnot \; \neg q \; \setminus \; \smallsetminus

matrici

${\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}x&y\\v&w\end{matrix}}}$     \begin{matrix} x & y \\ v & w \end{matrix}

${\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}A+B&{B+C \over 2}\\{C-B \over 2}&D\end{pmatrix}}}$     \begin{pmatrix} A+B & {B+C\over 2} \\ {C-B\over 2} & D \end{pmatrix}

${\displaystyle {\begin{vmatrix}1&1&1&1&1\\1&2&3&4&5\\1&3&6&10&15\\1&4&10&20&35\\1&5&15&35&70\end{vmatrix}}}$     \begin{vmatrix} 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\ 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 \\ 1 & 3 & 6 & 10 & 15 \\ 1 & 4 & 10 & 20 & 35 \\ 1 & 5 & 15 & 35 & 70 \end{vmatrix}

${\displaystyle {\begin{Vmatrix}x&y\\v&w\end{Vmatrix}}}$     \begin{Vmatrix} x & y \\ v & w \end{Vmatrix}

${\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}M_{1,1}&M_{1,2}&M_{1,3}\\M_{2,1}&M_{2,2}&M_{2,3}\end{bmatrix}}}$     \begin{bmatrix} M_{1,1}&M_{1,2}&M_{1,3}\\M_{2,1}&M_{2,2}&M_{2,3} \end{bmatrix}

${\displaystyle {\begin{Bmatrix}\cos \theta &\sin \theta \\-\sin \theta &\cos \theta \end{Bmatrix}}}$     \begin{Bmatrix}\cos\theta&\sin\theta\\-\sin\theta&\cos\theta\end{Bmatrix}

${\displaystyle {\begin{vmatrix}{\begin{bmatrix}x&y\\v&w\end{bmatrix}}&{\begin{bmatrix}a\\b\end{bmatrix}}\\{\begin{bmatrix}a&b\end{bmatrix}}&[1]\end{vmatrix}}}$     \begin{vmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} x & y \\ v & w \end{bmatrix} & \begin{bmatrix} a \\ b \end{bmatrix} \\ \begin{bmatrix} a & b \end{bmatrix} & [1] \end{vmatrix}

${\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}x_{11}&x_{12}&\cdots &x_{1n}\\x_{21}&x_{22}&\cdots &x_{2n}\\\vdots &\vdots &\ddots &\vdots \\x_{m1}&x_{m2}&\cdots &x_{mn}\end{bmatrix}}}$     \begin{bmatrix} x_{11}&x_{12}&\cdots&x_{1n} \\ x_{21}&x_{22}&\cdots&x_{2n} \\ \vdots&\vdots&\ddots&\vdots \\ x_{m1}&x_{m2}&\cdots& x_{mn} \end{bmatrix}

moduli

${\displaystyle s_{k}\equiv 0{\pmod {m}}}$ s_k \equiv 0 \pmod{m}

${\displaystyle a{\bmod {b}}}$ a \bmod b

negazione di relazioni^[1]

\not\leq   ${\displaystyle \not \leq }$)       \not\sim ${\displaystyle \not \sim }$       \not\models   ${\displaystyle \not \models }$       \not=   ${\displaystyle \not =}$       \not<   ${\displaystyle \not <}$ . . . .

neretto, caratteri in

vedi grassetto, caratteri in

operatori binari

${\displaystyle \pm }$   \pm	${\displaystyle \triangleright }$   \triangleright	${\displaystyle \setminus }$   \setminus	${\displaystyle \circ }$   \circ
${\displaystyle \mp }$   \mp	${\displaystyle \times }$   \times	${\displaystyle \bullet }$   \bullet	${\displaystyle \star }$   \star
${\displaystyle \vee }$   \vee	${\displaystyle \wr }$   \wr	${\displaystyle \ddagger }$   \ddagger	${\displaystyle \cap }$   \cap
${\displaystyle \dagger }$   \dagger	${\displaystyle \oplus }$   \oplus	${\displaystyle \smallsetminus }$   \smallsetminus	${\displaystyle \cdot }$   \cdot
${\displaystyle \wedge }$   \wedge	${\displaystyle \otimes }$   \otimes	${\displaystyle \cup }$   \cup	${\displaystyle \triangleleft }$   \triangleleft
${\displaystyle {\mathcal {t}}}$   \mathcal{t}	${\displaystyle {\mathcal {u}}}$   \mathcal{u}

operatori n-ari

vedi anche produttoria, sommatoria

${\displaystyle \sum }$   \sum	${\displaystyle \prod }$   \prod	${\displaystyle \coprod }$   \coprod
${\displaystyle \bigcap }$   \bigcap	${\displaystyle \bigcup }$   \bigcup	${\displaystyle \biguplus }$   \biguplus
${\displaystyle \bigodot }$   \bigodot	${\displaystyle \bigoplus }$   \bigoplus	${\displaystyle \bigotimes }$   \bigotimes
${\displaystyle \bigsqcup }$   \bigsqcup	${\displaystyle \bigvee }$   \bigvee	${\displaystyle \bigwedge }$   \bigwedge

operatori unari

${\displaystyle \nabla }$   \nabla       ${\displaystyle \partial }$   \partial       ${\displaystyle \neg }$   \neg       ${\displaystyle \sim }$   \sim

parentesi

${\displaystyle (...)}$   (...)	${\displaystyle [...]}$   [...]	${\displaystyle \{...\}}$   \{...\}
${\displaystyle |...|}$   |...|	${\displaystyle \|...\|}$   \|...\|	${\displaystyle \langle }$   \langle	${\displaystyle \rangle }$   \rangle
${\displaystyle \lfloor }$   \lfloor	${\displaystyle \rfloor }$   \rfloor	${\displaystyle \lceil }$   \lceil	${\displaystyle \rceil }$   \rceil

parentesi adattabili

${\displaystyle \left(x^{2}+2bx+c\right)}$   \left(x^2+2bx+c\right)

${\displaystyle \cos \left(\int _{0}^{\pi }dx\;e^{-x}P_{2k}(x)\right)}$   \cos\left(\int_0^\pi dx\;e^{-x} P_{2k}(x)\right)

produttoria

${\displaystyle \prod _{k=1}^{3}K_{k+4}=K_{5}\cdot K_{6}\cdot K_{7}}$   \prod_{k=1}^3 K_{k+4} = K_5\cdot K_6\cdot K_7

puntini       \ldots   ${\displaystyle \ldots }$       \cdots   ${\displaystyle \cdots }$       \vdots   ${\displaystyle \vdots }$       \ddots   ${\displaystyle \ddots }$ (v.a. matrici)

quantificatori

      ${\displaystyle \forall }$   \forall       ${\displaystyle \exists }$   \exists

${\displaystyle \forall _{i\in \mathbb {N} ,j\in \mathbb {N} \setminus \{0\}}(i/j\in \mathbb {Q} )}$     \forall_{i \in \N, j \in \N \setminus \{0\}} (i/j \in \mathbb{Q})

${\displaystyle \exists \mathbf {x} \in \mathbb {K} ^{n}~{\mbox{tale che}}~{\mathcal {M}}\mathbf {x} =\mathbf {v} }$

\mathbf{x} \in \mathbb{K}^n \ \mbox{tale che}\ \mathcal{M} \mathbf{x} = \mathbf{v}

radici

${\displaystyle {\sqrt {7}}}$       \sqrt 7             ${\displaystyle {\sqrt {2\pi \rho }}}$       \sqrt{2\pi\rho}

${\displaystyle {\sqrt {A^{2}+B^{2}+C^{2}}}}$   \sqrt{A^2+B^2+C^2}

${\displaystyle x_{1,2}={\frac {-b\pm {\sqrt {b^{2}-4ac}}}{2a}}}$   x_{1,2} = \frac{-b\pm\sqrt{b^-4ac}}{2a}

${\displaystyle {\sqrt[{3}]{3}}}$       \sqrt[3]3             ${\displaystyle {\sqrt[{h+k}]{a\pm \sin(2k\pi )}}}$             \sqrt[h+k]{ a\pm\sin(2k\pi)} }

raggruppamenti di simboli

${\displaystyle {\overline {f\circ g\circ h}}}$   \overline{f\circ g\circ h}	${\displaystyle {\underline {\mbox{esatto}}}}$   \underline{\mbox{esatto}}
${\displaystyle {\overleftarrow {HK}}}$   \overleftarrow{HK}	${\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {PQ}}}$   \overrightarrow{PQ}
${\displaystyle \overbrace {x_{1}x_{2}\cdots x_{n}} }$   \overbrace{x_1x_2\cdots x_n}	${\displaystyle \underbrace {\alpha \beta \gamma \delta } }$   \underbrace{\alpha\beta\gamma\delta}
${\displaystyle {\sqrt {A^{2}+B^{2}}}}$   \sqrt{A^2+B^2}	${\displaystyle {\sqrt[{n}]{p^{3}-{qr \over 3}}}}$   \sqrt[n]{p^3-{qr\over3}}
${\displaystyle {\widehat {ABC}}}$   \widehat{ABC}

${\displaystyle \overbrace {\overline {F\circ G}} }$   \overbrace{\overline{F\circ G}}

${\displaystyle {\widehat {\overline {\overline {F\circ G}}}}}$   \widehat{\overline{\overline{F\circ G}}}

relazioni

${\displaystyle \,<\,}$   \,<\,	${\displaystyle \leq }$   \leq	${\displaystyle \,>\,}$\,}"/>   \,>\,	${\displaystyle \geq }$   \geq
${\displaystyle \subset }$   \subset	${\displaystyle \subseteq }$   \subseteq	${\displaystyle \supset }$   \supset	${\displaystyle \supseteq }$   \supseteq
${\displaystyle \in }$   \in	${\displaystyle \ni }$   \ni	${\displaystyle \vdash }$   \vdash	${\displaystyle {\mathcal {a}}}$   \mathcal{a}
${\displaystyle \cong }$   \cong	${\displaystyle \simeq }$   \simeq	${\displaystyle \approx }$   \approx	${\displaystyle \sim }$   \sim
${\displaystyle \perp }$   \perp	${\displaystyle \|}$   \|	${\displaystyle \mid }$   \mid	${\displaystyle \equiv }$   \equiv
${\displaystyle \frown }$   \frown	${\displaystyle \smile }$   \smile	${\displaystyle \triangleleft }$   \triangleleft	${\displaystyle \triangleright }$   \triangleright
${\displaystyle {\mathcal {v}}}$   \mathcal{v}	${\displaystyle {\mathcal {w}}}$   \mathcal{w}	${\displaystyle \models }$   \models	${\displaystyle \propto }$   \propto

sans serif, font

${\displaystyle {\mathsf {abcdefghijklm}}{\mathsf {nopqrstuvwxyz}}}$   \mathsf{abcdefghijklm} \mathsf{nopqrstuvwxyz}

${\displaystyle {\mathsf {ABCDEFGHIJKLM}}{\mathsf {NOPQRSTUVWXYZ}}}$   \mathsf{ABCDEFGHIJKLM} \mathsf{NOPQRSTUVWXYZ}

sistemi di equazioni

${\displaystyle \left\{{\begin{matrix}ax+by=h\\cx+dy=k\end{matrix}}\right.}$     \left\{\begin{matrix}ax+by=h \\ cx+dy=k\end{matrix}\right.

sommatoria

${\displaystyle \sum _{k=1}^{n}k^{2}}$       \sum_{k=1}^n k^2

spaziature

${\displaystyle a\qquad b}$       a \qquad b

${\displaystyle a\quad b}$       a \quad b

${\displaystyle a\ b}$       a\ b

${\displaystyle a\;b}$       a\;b

${\displaystyle a\,b}$       a\,b

${\displaystyle a\!b}$       a\!b

tensori e simili

${\displaystyle g_{i}^{\ j}}$   g_i^{\ j}       ${\displaystyle S_{r_{1}r_{2}}^{\ \ \ \ r_{3}r_{4}}}$   S_{r_1r_2}^{\ \ \ \ r_3r_4}       ${\displaystyle T_{\ j\ k}^{i\ h}}$   T_{\ j\ k}^{i\ h}

${\displaystyle {}_{1}^{2}\!X_{3}^{4}}$   {}_1^2\!X_3^4

vettori

${\displaystyle \mathbf {r} =\langle x_{1},x_{2},x_{3}\rangle }$       \mathbf{r}=\langle x_1,x_2,x_3\rangle

${\displaystyle \mathbf {e} _{i}:=\langle j=1,...,n:|\delta _{i,j}\rangle }$   \mathbf{e}_i :\!= \langle j=1,...,n :| \delta_{i,j} \rangle

${\displaystyle 100\,^{\circ }\mathrm {C} }$   100\,^{\circ}\mathrm{C}

${\displaystyle \left.{A \over B}\right\}\to X}$   \left. {A \over B} \right\} \to X

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