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Jimmy Carter

James Earl Carter Jr. (amuru Ọktoba 1, 1924) bu onye mgbandọrọ uzo America na ndi mmadu nke ozi dika onye isi ala 39th nke United States site na 1977 rue 1981. Onye otu Democratic Party, onye nwere ike ka ike 76 nke  Georgia site na 1971 ruo 1975, yana dịka onye omebe iwu steeti Georgia site na 1963 ruo 1967.

Jimmy Carter
Portrait of Jimmy Carter in a dark blue suit
Official portrait, 1978
39th President of the United States
39th [[ Ambassador to Templeeti:CountryPrefixThe]]
In office
Templeeti:En dash range
Vice PresidentWalter Mondale
Preceded byGerald Ford
Succeeded byRonald Reagan
76th Governor of Georgia
76th [[ Ambassador to Templeeti:CountryPrefixThe]]
In office
Templeeti:En dash range
LieutenantLester Maddox
Preceded byLester Maddox
Succeeded byGeorge Busbee
Member of the Georgia State Senate
from the 14th district
[[ Ambassador to Templeeti:CountryPrefixThe]]
In office
Templeeti:En dash range
Preceded byDistrict established
Succeeded byHugh Carter
Personal details
Born
James Earl Carter Jr.

(1924-10-01) 1 Ọktoba 1924 (age 100)
Plains, Georgia, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
Spouse(s)
Children4, including Jack and Amy
Parents
RelativesTempleeti:C
ResidencePlains, Georgia
EducationUnited States Naval Academy (BS)
Civilian awardsFull list
SignatureCursive signature in ink
Military service
Branch/serviceUnited States Navy
Years of service
  • 1946–1953 (active)
  • 1953–1961 (reserve)
RankLieutenant
Military awards
Templeeti:Listen
Jimmy Carter
mmádu
ụdịekerenwoke Dezie
mba o sịNjikota Obodo Amerika Dezie
aha n'asụsụ obodoJimmy Carter Dezie
Aha ọmụmụJames Earl Carter Jr. Dezie
aha enyereJames, Earl Dezie
aha ezinụlọ yaCarter Dezie
ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya1 Ọktoba 1924 Dezie
Ebe ọmụmụLillian G. Carter Nursing Center Dezie
ŃnàJames Earl Carter Sr. Dezie
ŃnéLillian Gordy Carter Dezie
nwanneBilly Carter, Gloria Carter Spann, Ruth Carter Stapleton Dezie
Dị/nwunyeRosalynn Carter Dezie
nwaJack Carter, Amy Carter, James Earl Carter III, Jeff Carter Dezie
IkwuBerry Gordy Dezie
Asụsụ obodoBekee Dezie
asụsụ ọ na-asụ, na-ede ma ọ bụ were na-ebinye akaBekee, Spanish Dezie
Asụsụ ọ na-edeBekee Dezie
ụdị ọrụ yagun control Dezie
onye were ọrụEmory University Dezie
Ọkwá o jiOnye isi ala mba Amerika, Governor of Georgia, President-elect of the United States, member of the Georgia State Senate Dezie
ebe agụmakwụkwọGeorgia Southwestern State University, Georgia Tech, United States Naval Academy, Union College Dezie
ogo mmụtaBachelor of Science Dezie
Ebe obibiPlains Dezie
oge ọrụ ya (mmalite)1946 Dezie
onye otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchịDemocratic Party Dezie
candidacy in election1976 United States presidential election, 1976 United States presidential election in California Dezie
okpukpere chi/echiche ụwaBaptists Dezie
blood typeA Dezie
Ọnọdụ ahụikemelanoma Dezie
Aka akaright-handedness Dezie
ọkwa aghalieutenant Dezie
ngalaba aghaUnited States Navy Dezie
Archive naJimmy Carter Library and Museum Dezie
Onye òtù nkeAmerican Academy of Arts and Sciences, American Legion, Trilateral Commission Dezie
ihe omume dị ịrịba amaStrategic Arms Limitation Treaty II Dezie
subject has rolecentenarian Dezie
Nwere ọrụ na mkpokọtaRoyal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp Dezie
ikike nwebiisinka dị ka onye okikeỌrụ nwebiisinka chekwara Dezie
omenkà faịlụ naSmithsonian American Art and Portrait Gallery Library Dezie
National Governors Association biography URLhttps://www.nga.org/governor/jimmy-earl-carter/ Dezie
has listlist of honors and awards received by Jimmy Carter Dezie

A mụrụ Carter ma zụlite na Plains, Georgia;  gụsịrị akwụkwọ na U.S. Naval Academy na 1946;  wee sonye na ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri ndị agha mmiri US.  Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ lọghachiri n'ụlọ, bụ́ ebe ọ maliteghachiri ọrụ na-akụ ahụekere nke ezinụlọ ya.  O gosiziri mmegide ya megide ikewa agbụrụ, kwadoo oke ikike obodo na-eto eto, wee bụrụ onye ndọrọndọrọ n'ime Democratic Party.  Ọ jere ozi na Senate steeti Georgia site na 1963 ruo 1967 wee bụrụ gọvanọ Georgia site na 1971 ruo 1975. Dị ka onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-agba ọchịchịrị na-amaghị nke ọma na mpụga Georgia, Carter meriri nhọpụta Democratic ma merie onye isi ala Republican bụ Gerald Ford n'ụzọ dị nta.  1976 ntuli aka onye isi ala US.

Carter gbaghaara ndị niile gbara ọsọ agha Vietnam n'ụbọchị nke abụọ ọ nọ n'àmà.  O kere ike mba nke nchekwa, nchekwa, na ጉድ.  Ọ gara nke ọma gbasoo na Camp David, Nkwekọrịta Canal Panama, na agba nke abụọ nke Mkparịta Ụka ​​Mbelata Arms .  Ọ na-echekwa stagflation ihu.  ụmụaka ya hiwere Ngalaba Ike na Ngalaba .  Akara njedebe nke onye isi ala ya ọgba aghara bụ njide Iran 1979–1981, nsogbu ike 1979, ihe ike atọ Mile Island, odi Nicaraguan, na mbuso agha Soviet nke Afghanistan .  Na nzaghachi maka mbuso agha ahụ, Carter webatara Agha Nzuzo site n'ịkwụsị détente, na-amanye mmachi ọka megide ndị Soviet, na- ፈለገ Carter, ma na-eduga n'ọgba ndụ nke mba dị iche iche nke Olympic Summer 1980 na  Moscow .  Ọ tụfuru mbụ aka onye isi ala n'afọ 1980 na oke ike nke onye nhọpụta Republican Ronald Reagan .

Mgbe ọ hapụrụ onye isi oche, Carter akara Carter Center iji kwalite na ikike ikike mmadụ, na-enweta ya Nrite Nobel Peace Prize na 2002. Ọ gara ọtụtụ njem iji mee mkparita ụka udo, ileba anya nhoputa ndi ochichi na n'ihu ikpochapụ anya.  na-efe efe.  Ọ bụ onye isi na ụlọ ọrụ na-azụ ọrụ nke Habitat for Humanity wee dee ọtụtụ akwụkwọ, sitere na ndị okwukwe ike ruo na abụ uri, mgbe ọ na-aga n'ihu na-ekwu ihe omume ụwa, akwụkwọ abụọ  na dị Israel-Palestine, nke ọ na-akatọ omume Israel.  Ndị Palestine dị ka apartheid .  Ntuli aka nke ndị agụozi ihe mere eme na ndị isi ike ndọrọ n'ozuzu ha na-akwado Carter dị ka onye isi ala dị n'okpuru nkezi, n'agbanyeghị na a na-ahụta ihe omume ya mgbe ọ gachara Louis.  oche dị ka ihe iche.  Ọ bụ ya bụ onye isi ala kacha ogologo ogologo ndụ ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụrụ na onye nwere ikike ọkwa ogaala kacha ogologo.  Ọ bụkwa onye nke atọ kasị ndị ndụ jere ozi dị ka onye ndú mba .

A Manchester James Earl Carter Jr. October 1, 1924, na Plains, Georgia, na Wise Sanitarium, ebe nne ya ọrụ dị ka onye aha ya.  [1] Carter si otú a ihe onye isi ala America mbụ ajụjụ n' ọgwụ.  [2] Ọ bụ ọkpara Bessie Lillian Gordy na James Earl Carter Sr. [3] : 70 Carter bụ onye si n'agbụrụ Thomas Carter onye England kwabatara, onye biri na Colony nke Virginia na 1635. [4] ọtụtụ Carters biri dị  ka ndị ọrụ ugbo na Georgia.  [5] Plains bụ obodo nwere akara nke mmadụ 600 n'oge a ike Carter.  Nna ya bụ onye ọchụnta ego obodo na-eme nke ọma, onye na-azụ aha ụlọ ọrụ n'ozuzu ma bụrụ onye na-etinye ego na ala ugbo.  [6] Nna Carter jerebu ozi dị ka onye anya nke abụọ na US Army Quartermaster Corps n'oge Agha mbụ Mbụ

.N'oge ọ bụ nwata Carter, mpaghara ya kwagara ọtụtụ oge, [1] na-edozi n'okporo ụzọ ụzọ unyi dị na Archery dị nso, bụ nke isiokwu ndị America dara ogbenye bi na ya.  [2] Ezin ọjọọ ya mechara kwụsị ụmụ atọ: Gloria, Ruth, na Billy .  [3] Ya na ndị posts ya dị ná mma.  Nne ya anọ anọ n'oge ọ bụ nwata, na-arụ ọrụ ọtụtụ awa.  Ọ bụ ebe na nna ya na-agbasi mbọ ike nke ukwuu, o kwere ka Jimmy mee enyi ngosi ndị Black Farmhands.  [4] Carter bụ nwa okoro na-eto eto na-emekọ ihe nke e nyere acre nke aka ya nke ala ubi Earl, ebe o tolitere, chịkọta, ma na-ere ahụekere.  [5] Ọ gbazikwara ụlọ nke ụlọ ndị ọrịa.

Agụmakwụkwọ

dezie

. [1]Carter gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Plains site na 1937 ruo 1941, na-agụsị akwụkwọ na klas nke iri na otu, ebe ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ ọkụkọ iri na abụọ.  [1] N'oge ahụ, nnukwu ego n'obi dara ogbenye na Archery na Plains, mana ahụ ahụ rite uru na ego ọrụ ugbo nke New Deal, nna Carter wee were ọnọdụ dịka onye ndu obodo.  [2] [3] Carter n'onwe ya bụ nwa akwụkwọ dị uchu nke nwere ikike ịgụ ihe.  [4] : 8 [5] Otu ọmụmụ na-ewu ewu na-ekwu na a kpọfere ya maka valedictorian mgbe ya na ndị enyi ya gachara ụlọ akwụkwọ ka ha banye n'ime ime obodo na ọkụ .  Ekwuru nchụpụ Carter n'asụsụ mpaghara, n'agbanyeghị na o doghị anya na ọ gara abụ onye nkwuwa okwu.  [6] Dị ka onye nọ n'afọ iri na ụma, Carter na- egwu egwu na otu egwuregwu basketball nke Plains High School, ma sonyekwa na Future Farmers of America, nke ụdị ya aka ụkwụ ogologo ndụ n'ịrụ osis.

. Ọ dịla anya Carter rọrọ nrọ ịga Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Naval nke United States.[1]  Na 1941, ọ malitere undergraduate coursework in engineering na Georgia Southwestern College dị nso Americus, Georgia.[2]: 99  N'afọ sochirinụ, ọ gafere na Georgia Institute of Technology na Atlanta, ebe akara ikike obodo Blake Van Leer bụ onyeisi oche.  3]  N'afọ 1943, a nabatara ya na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Naval Academy nke o nwetara B.S.  ogo na 1946.[4]: 38  Ọ bụ ezigbo nwa akwụkwọ mana a na-ahụ ya dị ka echekwabara ma dị jụụ, n'ụzọ dị iche na omenala ụlọ akwụkwọ mmuta nke mmekpa ahụ nke ndị ọhụrụ.  , enyi nwanne ya nwaanyị bụ́ Rut.[6]  Ha abụọ lụrụ obere oge ka ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1946.[7]  Ọ bụ onye egwuregwu bọọlụ sprint maka ndị agha mmiri Midshipmen.[8]  Carter gụchara 60th n'ime 821 midshipmen na klas nke 1947[lower-alpha 1] na nzere bachelọ nke sayensị wee nye ya ọrụ dị ka akara ngosi.[9]

Ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri

dezie
 
Carter ya na Rosalynn Smith na nne ya na ngụsị akwụkwọ ya na United States Naval Academy na Annapolis, Maryland, Jun 5, 1946

Site na 1946 ruo 1953, ndị Carters bi na Virginia, Hawaii, Connecticut, New York na California, n'oge ebuga ya na ụgbọ mmiri Atlantic na Pacific . [2] Na 1948, ọ malitere ọzụzụ onye isi maka ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri ma jee ozi na USS Pomfret . [3] A kwalitere ya ka ọ bụrụ lieutenant junior grade na 1949, na ọrụ ya n'ime Pomfret gụnyere ndị agha na-eche nche na ọdịda anyanwụ Pacific na China site na Jenụwarị ruo March nke afọ ahụ. [4] Na 1951, e kenyere ya na mmanụ dizel / eletriki USS K-1 (SSK-1), tozuru oke maka iwu, wee jee ozi n'ọtụtụ ọkwa, gụnyere onye isi ọrụ. [5]

Na 1952, ọ malitere mkpakọrịta na mmemme ụgbọ mmiri okpuru mmiri nuklia nke ndị agha mmiri, nke onye isi ụgbọ mmiri Hyman G. Rickover duziri mgbe ahụ. [6] Rickover nwere ụkpụrụ dị elu na ọchịchọ maka ndị ikom na igwe ya, Carter mechara kwuo na, n'akụkụ nne na nna ya, Rickover nwere mmetụta kachasị na ndụ ya. [7] E zigara ya na Alaka Naval Reactors nke Atomic Energy Commission na Washington, DC maka ọrụ nwa oge ọnwa atọ, ebe Rosalynn na ụmụ ha kwagara Schenectady, New York . [8]

Na Disemba 12, 1952, ihe mberede na onye nrụpụta NRX nnwale na Atomic Energy nke Chalk River Laboratories kpatara obere mgbaze, butere ọtụtụ nde lita mmiri redio na-ejupụta na okpuru ulo nke reactor. Nke a hapụrụ isi reactor ahụ mebiri emebi. [9] Enyere Carter iwu na Chalk River ka o duo ndị ọrụ nchekwa US sonyeere ndị ọrụ America na Canada ndị ọzọ iji nyere aka na mmechi nke reactor. [10] Usoro nhụsianya ahụ chọrọ ka onye otu ọ bụla nye ihe nchebe ma wedata ya n'otu n'otu n'ime reactor maka 90 sekọnd n'otu oge, na-amachi ikpughe ha na redioaktivu ka ha na-ekpochapụ igwe ọkụ ọkụ. Mgbe e wedara Carter, ọrụ ya bụ naanị ịtụgharị otu skru. [11] N'oge na mgbe ọchịchị ya gasịrị, Carter kwuru na ahụmahụ ya na Chalk River emepụtawo echiche ya banyere ike atomiki wee mee ka ọ kwụsị ịmepụta bọmbụ neutron . [12]

Na Maachị 1953, Carter malitere nkuzi ọnwa isii na ọrụ ike nuklia na Union College na Schenectady. [2] Ebumnuche ya bụ imecha rụọ ọrụ na USS Seawolf, nke e bu n'obi ka ọ bụrụ ụgbọ mmiri nuklia US nke abụọ. [13] Atụmatụ ya gbanwere mgbe nna ya nwụrụ n'ihi ọrịa cancer pancreatic na July, ọnwa abụọ tupu e wuo Seawolf, Carter nwetara ntọhapụ site na ọrụ na-arụsi ọrụ ike ka o wee nwee ike weghara azụmahịa ezinụlọ ahụekere. [14] [15] : 100 Ikpebi ịpụ na Schenectady siri ike, ebe ọ bụ na Rosalynn enweela ahụ iru ala na ndụ ha n'ebe ahụ. [16] [17] O kwuru mgbe e mesịrị na ịlaghachi ndụ n'obere obodo na Plains yiri "nzọụkwụ dị egwu azụ." [18] Carter hapụrụ ọrụ ya na Ọktoba 9, 1953. [19] [20] Ọ jere ozi na nchekwa ndị agha mmiri na-adịghị arụ ọrụ ruo 1961, wee hapụ ọrụ ahụ n'ọkwa onye isi . [21] Ihe nrite ya gụnyere ihe nrite Mgbasa Ozi America, nrite mmeri nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, nrite ọrụ China na nrite ọrụ nchekwa mba . [22] Dị ka onye ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri okpuru mmiri, ọ ritekwara baajị "dolphin" . [23]

Mgbe o kwusịrị ụgwọ na nkesa nke ala ya n'etiti ndị nketa ya, Jimmy ketara obere ihe. [24] Ruo otu afọ, ya, Rosalynn, na ụmụ ha nwoke atọ biri n'ụlọ ọha na Plains. [lower-alpha 2] Carter maara nke ọma n'ihe ọmụmụ sayensị na teknụzụ, o wee malite ịgbasa azụmahịa ezinụlọ na-akụ ahụekere. [25] Ịtụgharị site n'Òtù Ndị Agha Mmiri gaa na onye na-azụ ahịa agri-azụmahịa siri ike dịka owuwe ihe ubi nke afọ mbụ ya dara n'ihi ụkọ mmiri ozuzo, Carter aghaghị imepe ọtụtụ ahịrị kredit ụlọ akụ iji mee ka ugbo na-aga n'ihu. [26] Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ ma gụpụta ihe gbasara ọrụ ugbo ebe Rosalynn mụtara n'ịgbakọ ego iji jikwaa akwụkwọ azụmahịa. [27] Ọ bụ ezie na ha emebibeghị ọbụna n'afọ mbụ, ndị Carters toro azụmahịa ahụ wee nwee ọganihu nke ọma. [28] [29]

  1. ↑ Bourne, pp. 33–43.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Zelizer, pp. 11–12.
  3. ↑ Thomas (1978). Jimmy Carter : from peanuts to presidency. Cornwall, Ont.: Vesta Publications, 18. ISBN 0-919806-61-9. OCLC 6041403. 
  4. ↑ Nijnatten (2012). Tussen liberalisme en conservatisme: de verkiezingscampagnes van Jimmy Carter (1962-1980). Amsterdam: Vossiuspers UvA, 77. ISBN 978-90-5629-698-8. OCLC 775137957. 
  5. ↑ Jimmy Carter's Naval Service. Jimmy Carter Presidential Library & Museum. Archived from the original on November 16, 2015. Retrieved on November 24, 2015.
  6. ↑ Hambley (2008). Presidential footprints: inauguration of John Fitzgerald Kennedy, January 20, 1961. Indianapolis, IN: Dog Ear Publishing, 202. ISBN 978-1-59858-815-6. OCLC 678081512. 
  7. ↑ Bourne, pp. 72–77.
  8. ↑ Bourne, p. 74.
  9. ↑ Frank (1995). [[[:Templeeti:GBurl]] Great Events from History II: 1945–1966]. Salem Press. ISBN 978-0-89356-753-8. Retrieved on March 21, 2022. 
  10. ↑ Martel (2008). [[[:Templeeti:GBurl]] Memoirs of a Hayseed Physicist]. Strategic Book. ISBN 978-1-60693-341-1. Retrieved on March 21, 2022. 
  11. ↑ Marguet (2022). A brief history of nuclear reactor accidents from Leipzig to fukushima. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 262. ISBN 978-3-031-10500-5. OCLC 1366112034. 
  12. ↑ Milnes. "When Jimmy Carter faced radioactivity head-on", Ottawa Citizen, January 28, 2009.
  13. ↑ James Earl Carter, Jr.. Naval History and Heritage Command (19 October 1997). Retrieved on 20 February 2023.
  14. ↑ Jimmy Carter. Presidential Timeline of the 20th Century. Archived from the original on October 15, 2008.
  15. ↑ Panton (2022). [[[:Templeeti:GBurl]] Historical dictionary of the United States]. ISBN 978-1-5381-2419-2. OCLC 1295808727. 
  16. ↑ Wooten (1978). Dasher: the roots and the rising of Jimmy Carter. New York: Summit Books, 270. ISBN 0-671-40004-5. OCLC 3481251. 
  17. ↑ Schneider (2005). First ladies : a biographical dictionary, Carl J. Schneider, 2, New York: Facts on File, 310. ISBN 978-1-4381-0815-5. OCLC 234178582. 
  18. ↑ Bourne (1997). Jimmy Carter: a comprehensive biography from Plains to post-presidency. New York: Scribner, 79. ISBN 0-684-19543-7. OCLC 35955194. 
  19. ↑ Bourne, pp. 77–81.
  20. ↑ Hayward, p. 23.
  21. ↑ Eckstein (March 9, 2015). From Ensign to Commander-in-Chief: A Look at the Presidents Who Served in the U.S. Navy Reserve. USNI News. United States Navy Institute. Archived from the original on August 16, 2021. Retrieved on August 30, 2021.
  22. ↑ (1976) [[[:Templeeti:GBurl]] Ocean Science News]. Washington, D.C.: Nautilus Press. Retrieved on March 21, 2022. “The Naval Record of James Earl Carter Jr.: Medals and awards: American Campaign Medal, World War II Victory Medal, China Service Medal, and Natl. Defense Service Medal” 
  23. ↑ Lieutenant James Earl Carter Jr., USN. Naval History and Heritage Command. Archived from the original on August 16, 2021. Retrieved on August 30, 2021.
  24. ↑ Mukunda (2022). Picking presidents : how to make the most consequential decision in the world, 105. ISBN 978-0-520-97703-7. OCLC 1303569935. 
  25. ↑ (2016) A companion to Gerald R. Ford and Jimmy Carter, Scott Kaufman, 66. ISBN 978-1-118-90763-4. OCLC 916409068. 
  26. ↑ Gherman (2004). Jimmy Carter. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications Co, 38. ISBN 0-8225-0816-8. OCLC 51861756. 
  27. ↑ Morris (1996). Jimmy Carter, American moralist. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 115. ISBN 0-8203-1862-0. OCLC 34318552. 
  28. ↑ Bourne, pp. 83–91.
  29. ↑ Morris, p. 115.
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