Gecekondu

^[1]Gecekondu ( Turkish </link> bụ okwu Turkish nwoke ụlọ arụnyere ngwa n' ikike ikike kwesịrị, [1] ụlọ ndị na-akwagharị akwagharị, na site na mgbakwunye, ụlọ mposi ma ọ bụ ụlọ . Gecekondu bölgesi bụ mpaghara emere nke gecekondula ndị ahụ. Meghan Gecekondu na-enye ụzọ dị ọnụ ala maka ebe obibi maka ọtụtụ ndị nwere obere ego na-achọghị ike ma ọ bụ ịgbazite ụlọ.

^[2]Ihe omume gecekondu, teneke mahalles (mpaghara tin-can) bụ isi ụlọ nke ụlọ na-ahụ nke mmetụta na tupu apụ nke 19. Oge gecekondu ewu ewu site n'iwu nke ndị njem si n'ime ime obodo Turkey na arụ ebe obibi na-adịbeghị anya na 1950s mgbe nhazi ọrụ ugbo mere ka ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu n'ime ime obodo. [1] [2] [3] Ndị kwabatara, ndị Roma, ndị gbapụrụ obodo Bulgarian na ndịda Romania mgbe agha 1877-78 Russo-Turkish nchebe, bụ ndị mbụ ụzọ teneke mahalles n'ụdị dị iche nke Istanbul dị ka Kumkapı na Nişantaşı . [4] ụzọ, n'oge na-anya nhọrọ ụlọ dị ọnụ ala nke teneke mahalles nyere bịara mara mma maka ndị ogbenye obodo dịka ndị Kurdish na ndị Armenia kwabatara

Etymology

^[3]Na Turkish, gecetare "ịtụpọ" na kondu nwoke "dobere" (site na ngwaa konmak, "iji dozie" ma ọ bụ "a ga-etinye"); ya mere okwu gecekondu na-abia putara "dobere (wuru) n'abali". [1] Na bölge ihe "mpaghara", "district" ma ọ bụ egwuregwu "mpaghara", ya mere a gecekondu bölgesi bụ a "na-wuru n'ahụ ." Gecekondu bụ okwu ọnụ na-agụnye ụdị ụdị dị iche iche na nha na ọnọdụ anụ ahụ.

"Ndị bi n'obodo ukwu chepụtara ya, okwu ahụ [ gecekondu na mbụ] gosipụtara ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nanị mmeghachi omume ọjọọ ha na-enwe banyere mbata nke ndị obodo ahụ bụ́ ndị megidere ụkpụrụ obodo mepere emepe." ^[4]

Ojiji

N'ihe a na-aghọ eme ihe, ọ na-ezo aka n'ibu ma ọ bụ ụlọ ndị dị ọnụ ala nke ndị mmadụ na-esi n'ime obodo na-akwaga ná obodo obodo ukwu wuru n'ime obere oge. Robert Neuwirth na-ede n'akwụkwọ ya Shadow Cities na ndị na-akwa na-akpa akwa na-erigbu ụzọ iwu nke na-ekwu na ọ na mmadụ iwu ụlọ mgbe chi jiri wee banye n'iche a rụchara tupu chi ọbụbọ n 'echi ya n' pụtara ka ndị hụ hụ ya, mgbe ahụ n'echi ya ndị. A naghị ekwe ka ụlọ ahụ mana kama ọ ga-amalite ikpe ikpe n'ibu ikpe (ya mere o ụmụ ka nwere ike). Enwere ike ụlọ ụlọ ndị dị otú ahụ na- ike isi na usoro dị mkpa maka iwu ụlọ, dị ka akwụkwọ ikike ụlọ ma nwee ike ịbụ ndị mmadụ buru ibu. Neuwirth kwuru na 2004 na "ọkara ndị bi na Istanbul - ikike nde mmadụ isii - bi n'iche gecekondu". [1] N'agbanyeghị nke mkpa ogbenye na oke mmadụ, ihe omume nke nta ka ọ mpaghara gecekondu niile na-enye mmiri pọmpụ na ọkụ eletrịka.

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-eji enyemaka na-akwatu ụfọdụ mpaghara gecekondu ma jiri akwụkwọ ụlọ ọgbara ọhụrụ nke Mass Housing Development Administration (TOKİ) rụpụtara. Gecekondular dị ma na obere obodo Turkey na nnukwu obodo dịka İzmir, Ankara na Istanbul.

Hụkwa

Slum
Obodo Shanty
Favela
Ụlọ elu na Stockade
Obodo (South Africa)
Tŷ unnos

Ntụaka

↑ Caves (2004). Encyclopedia of the City. Routledge, 285.
↑ Yilgür (December 2018). "Teneke mahalles in the late Ottoman capital: A socio-spatial ground for the co-inhabitation of Roma immigrants and the local poor". Romani Studies 28 (2): 157–194. DOI:10.3828/rs.2018.7. Templeeti:Project MUSE.
↑ Perouse (2004). "Deconstructing the Gecekondu". European Journal of Turkish Studies (1): 2. DOI:10.4000/ejts.195.
↑ Karpat (2004). "The Genesis of 'The Gecekondu: Rural Migration and Urbanization' (1976)". European Journal of Turkish Studies 1 (2004). DOI:10.4000/ejts.45.

Akwụkwọ akụkọ

Gençay, M. (1962) Gecekondu Problemi, Ankara, İmar ve İskân Bakanlığı Yayınları, Komisyon Raporları no. 6.
Güney, M. (1949). 'Üsküdar Kazasında Gecekondu Problemi ve Başlıca Meseleleri', 1963-1964 Ders Yılı Sosyoloji Konferansları. Istanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Neşriyatı.
Karpat, Kemal H. (1976) The Gecekondu: Rural Migration and Urbanization, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Öğretmen, İbrahim (1957) Ankara'da 158 Gecekondu Hakkında bir Monografi, Ankara, Ajans Türk Matbaası.
Perouse, Jean F. (2004). "Na-ewuli Gecekondu". Akwụkwọ akụkọ European nke Turkish Studies (1), 1-12.
Şen, Faruk (1975) Die Entwicklung der Wohngebiete der Stadt Ankara seit 1923 unter besonderer Berücksichtgung des Gecekondu Phänomens, Thesis, University of Saarbrücken.
Yasa, İbrahim (1966) Ankara'da Gecekondu Aileleri, Ankara, Sağlık ve Sosyal Yardım Bakanlığı, Sosyal Hizmetler Genel Müdürlügü Yayınları, no. 64.
Yavuz, Fehmi (1953) 'Bina yapımı teşvik', İller ve Belediyeler Dergisi, p. 63-68.
Yılgür, Egemen (2018) 'Teneke mahalles na njedebe nke isi obodo Ottoman: Ebe mmekọrịta ọha na eze maka ndị bi na Rome kwabatara na ndị ogbenye obodo', Romani Studies, 28(2), 157-94.
Yılgür, Egemen (2022) 'Mkpụrụ nke ebe obibi na mmepe nke Idiom Teneke Mahalle na Late-Ottoman Istanbul', Urban History, 48(3), 608-637.
Yörukhan, T. (1968) Gecekondular ve Gecekondu Bölgelerinin Sosyo-Kültürel Özellikleri, Ankara, İmar ve İskân Bakanlığı.
Zadil, E. (1949) 'İstanbul'da Mesken Meseleleri ve Gecekondular' Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi, 2, 65-87.

Njikọ mpụga

IdaAkwụkwọ akụkọ European nke Turkish Studies, Okwu Okwu N°1 Gecekondu

[1] Caves (2004). Encyclopedia of the City. Routledge, 285.

[2] Yilgür (December 2018). "Teneke mahalles in the late Ottoman capital: A socio-spatial ground for the co-inhabitation of Roma immigrants and the local poor". Romani Studies 28 (2): 157–194. DOI:10.3828/rs.2018.7. Templeeti:Project MUSE.

[3] Perouse (2004). "Deconstructing the Gecekondu". European Journal of Turkish Studies (1): 2. DOI:10.4000/ejts.195.

[:0-4] Karpat (2004). "The Genesis of 'The Gecekondu: Rural Migration and Urbanization' (1976)". European Journal of Turkish Studies 1 (2004). DOI:10.4000/ejts.45.

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