Perang Yunani–Turki (1919–1922)
Perang Yunani-Turki 1919–1922, juga disebut Perang Asia Minor, adalah konflik militer yang terjadi selama terbaginya Kekaisaran Ottoman setelah Perang Dunia I antara Mei 1919 dan Oktober 1922. Perang ini terjadi antara Yunani dan Gerakan Nasional Turki yang nantinya akan mendirikan Republik Turki.
| Perang Yunani-Turki (1919–1922) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bagian dari Perang Kemerdekaan Turki | |||||||||
 | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Pihak terlibat | |||||||||
 Inggris |
 RSFS Rusia Italia[1][2][3] | ||||||||
| Tokoh dan pemimpin | |||||||||
 Leonidas Paraskevopoulos Anastasios Papoulas Georgios Hatzianestis |
 Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Fevzi Çakmak İsmet İnönü Ali Fuat Cebesoy | ||||||||
| Kekuatan | |||||||||
| 200.000 tentara | 208.000 tentara | ||||||||
| Korban | |||||||||
|
23.500 tewas 20.820 tertangkap |
20.540 tewas 10.000 terluka | ||||||||
Kampanye Yunani dilancarkan karena sekutu, terutama Perdana Menteri Inggris David Lloyd George, telah menjanjikan teritori untuk Yunani. Setelah perang ini, Yunani memberikan semua teritori yang didapat selama perang, kembali ke perbatasan sebelum perang, dan terjadi pertukaran populasi antara Turki dan Yunani di bawah Perjanjian Lausanne.
Kampanye militer ini adalah kegagalan bagi Yunani, dan perang Turki-Armenia serta perang Prancis-Turki telah memaksa Sekutu meninggalkan perjanjian Sèvres dan bernegosiasi di Lausanne, mengakui kemerdekaan Turki dan kekuasaannya terhadap Thrace Timur dan Anatolia.
Daftar pustaka
sunting- Akçam, Taner (2006). A Shameful Act: The Armenian Genocide and the Question of Turkish Responsibility. New York: Metropolitan Books.
- Kinross, Lord (1960). Atatürk: The Rebirth of a Nation. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-82036-9.
- Dobkin, Marjorie (1998). Smyrna 1922: The Destruction of a City. New Mark Press. ISBN 978-0-9667451-0-8.
- Clark, Bruce (2006). Twice A Stranger: How Mass Expulsion Forged Modern Greece and Turkey. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-03222-4.
- Fisher, Sydney Nettleton (1969), The Middle East: a History, New York: Alfred A Knopf
- Fromkin, David (1990). A Peace to End All Peace: The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Creation of the Modern Middle East. New York: Avon Books
- Friedman, Isaiah (2012), British Miscalculations: The Rise of Muslim Nationalism, 1918–1925, Transaction Publishers, ISBN 1-4128-4710-9.
- Kitsikis, Dimitri (1963), Propagande et pressions en politique internationale. La Grèce et ses revendications à la Conférence de la Paix, 1919–1920 [Propaganda and pressions in international politics. Greece and its reivindications at the Peace conference, 1919–20] (dalam bahasa French), Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
- Kitsikis, Dimitri (1972), Le rôle des experts à la Conférence de la Paix de 1919 [The role of experts at the Peace conference of 1919] (dalam bahasa French), Ottawa: Editions de l'Université d'Ottawa (Commission interalliée d'enquête sur l'occupation grecque de Smyrne).
- Lowe, Cedric James; Dockrill, Michael L (2002), The Mirage of Power, Two: British Foreign Policy 1914–22, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-26597-3.
- Milton, Giles (2008). Paradise Lost: Smyrna 1922: The Destruction of Islam's City of Tolerance (edisi ke-paperback). London: Sceptre; Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN 978-0-340-96234-3. Diakses tanggal 2010-07-28.
- Naimark, Norman M (2002), Fires of Hatred: Ethnic Cleansing in Twentieth-Century Europe, Harvard University Press.
- Papatheu, Katerina (2007). Greci e turchi. Appunti fra letteratura, musica e storia [Greeks & Turks. Appointments on literature, music & history] (dalam bahasa Italian). Roma-Catania: Bonanno.
- Shaw, Stanford Jay; Shaw, Ezel Kural (1977). History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey. Cambridge University Press.
- Smith, Michael Llewellyn (1999) [London: Allen Lane, 1973], Ionian Vision: Greece in Asia Minor, 1919–1922, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, ISBN 978-0-472-08569-9.
- Toynbee, Arnold J (1922). The Western Question in Greece and Turkey: A Study in the Contact of Civilisations. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
- Richard G. Hovannisian (2007). The Armenian Genocide: Cultural and Ethical Legacies. Transaction Pub. ISBN 978-1-4128-0619-0.
Pranala luar
sunting
Artikel bertopik militer ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya. |
- ^ The Place of the Turkish Independence War in the American Press (1918–1923) by Bülent Bilmez: "...the occupation of western Turkey by the Greek armies under the control of the Allied Powers, the discord among them was evident and publicly known. As the Italians were against this occupation from the beginning, and started "secretly" helping the Kemalists, this conflict among the Allied Powers, and the Italian support for the Kemalists were reported regularly by the American press."
- ^ Mütareke Döneminde Mustafa Kemal Paşa-Kont Sforza Görüşmesi, Mevlüt Çelebi Diarsipkan 2018-12-22 di Wayback Machine. (Turki)
- ^ Mustafa Kemal Paşa – Kont Sforza ve İtalya İlişkisi (Turki)