Bahasa di Kanada

Bahasa di
Kanada^[1]
Bahasa diKanada
Resmi	bahasa Inggris and Bahasa Prancis
Pribumi	Abenaki; Algonquin; Lainnya Babine-Witsuwit'en; Beothuk; Blackfoot; Broken Slavey; Bungee; Carrier; Cayuga; Tsimshian pantai; Chilcotin; Chinook Jargon; Chipewyan; Comox; Cree; Ditidaht; Dogrib; Gwich’in; Haida; Haisla; Halkomelem; Hän; Heiltsuk-Oowekyala; Innu; Inuinnaqtun; Inuktitut; Inupiaq; Inuvialuktun; Kaska; Ktunaxa; Kwak'wala; Lillooet; Malecite-Passamaquoddy; Michif; Mi'kmaq; Mohawk; Munsee; Naskapi; Nicola; Nuu-chah-nulth; Nuxalk; Okanagan; Ojibwe; Oneida; Onondaga; Ottawa; Potawatomi; Saanich; Sarcee; Sechelt; Sekani; Seneca; Shuswap; Squamish; Slavey; Tagish; Tahltan; Thompson; Tlingit; Tuscarora; Tutchone; Wyandot;
Minoritas	Bahasa Spanyol (758.280), Bahasa Italia (660.945), Lainnya Bahasa Jerman (622.650), Bahasa Tionghoa (472.080), Bahasa Kanton (434,720), Bahasa Punjabi (430.705), Bahasa Arab (365.085), Bahasa Belanda (350.470), Bahasa Tagalog (324.120), Bahasa Mandarin (281.840), Bahasa Portugis (274.670), Bahasa Polski (242.885), Bahasa Urdu (208.125), Bahasa Rusia (191.520), Bahasa Ukraina (174.160), Bahasa Yunani (157.385), Bahasa Persia (154.385), Bahasa Tamil (140.720), Bahasa Korea (133.800), Bahasa Gaelik (6.015) 2006 Census
Isyarat	Bahasa Isyarat Amerika (ASL), ; Bahasa Isyarat Quebec (LSQ), Lainnya ; Bahasa Isyarat Maritim, ; Inuiuuk (47), ; Bahasa Isyarat Indian, ; Plateau Sign Language
Tata letak papan tombol
	QWERTY; [[File:US; ; Canadian French; \|400px]]
	L • B • PWBantuan penggunaan templat ini

Kanada sebagai negara tujuan imigrasi didunia memiliki bahasa dan budaya yang beragam. Menurut laporan sensus penduduk nasional Kanada bahasa Inggris dan bahasa Prancis adalah bahasa yang paling banyak digunakan di Kanada,^[4] dimana 56,9% penduduk Kanada menuturkan bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa ibu dan 21,3% penduduk Kanada menggunakan bahasa Prancis sebagai bahasa ibu.^[5] Kanada mengakui bahasa Inggris dan bahasa Prancis sebagai bahasa resmi. Bahasa Inggris dan bahasa Prancis ditetapkan sebagai bahasa resmi di Kanada melalui Akta Bahasa Resmi (bahasa Inggris: Official Language Act, bahasa Prancis: Loi sur les langues officielles yang ditandatangani pada tahun 1969.^[6]

Penggunaan bahasa Inggris dan Prancis

Bahasa Prancis merupakan bahasa paling dominan di provinsi Quebec dengan persentase sebesar 79,95% dari keseluruhan penduduk Quebec berbicara dalam bahasa Prancis dirumah.^[7] Dari total 13 provinsi dan daerah teritori di Kanada, bahasa Inggris ditetapkan sebagai bahasa resmi di tujuh provinsi dan lima provinsi lain mengakui bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa resmi secara de facto.^[4] Bahasa Prancis menjadi bahasa resmi di lima provinsi di Kanada. Provinsi Nunavut dan Teritori Barat Laut Kanada mengakui bahasa-bahasa asli penduduk lingkar artik sebagai bahasa resmi.^[8]^[9]

Lagu kebangsaan Kanada O Canada dapat dinyanyikan dalam dua bahasa, baik itu bahasa Inggris ataupun bahasa Prancis.^[10] Salah satu proses yang harus dipenuhi bila ingin menjadi warga negara Kanada adalah harus dapat menyanyikan lagu O Canada dalam dua bahasa tersebut.^[11]

Bahasa penduduk asli Kanada

Selain bahasa-bahasa para pendatang di Kanada bahasa asli penduduk Kanada masih dapat dijumpai terutama di wilayah lingkar artik Kanada. Persentase keseluruhan penutur bahasa asli Kanada hanya mencapai 0,6% dari total populasi penduduk Kanada atau berjumlah sekitar 200.725 orang.^[12]

Berikut daftar bahasa penduduk asli Kanada :

Bahasa Cree
Bahasa Inuktitut
Bahasa Ojibwe
Bahasa Innu
Bahasa Dene Suline
Bahasa Anishinini
Bahasa Mi'kmaq
Bahasa Dakota/Sioux
Bahasa Atikamekw
dan lain-lain (dibawah 5.000 penutur)

Sebaran bahasa di Kanada

Berikut ini adalah data statistik pengguna bahasa di setiap provinsi dan wilayah teritori di Kanada.^[7]^[8]^[12]

Provinsi/Territori	Total populasi	Bahasa Inggris	%	Bahasa Prancis	5	Bahasa Lainnya	%	Bahasa Resmi
Ontario	12,722,065	10,044,810	78.95%	284,120	2.23%	1,827,870	14.36%	Bahasa Inggris (de facto)
Quebec	7,815,955	767,415	9.81%	6,249,080	79.95%	554,405	7.09%	Bahasa Prancis
British Columbia	4,356,205	3,506,600	80.49%	16,685	0.38%	670,095	15.38%	Bahasa Inggris (de facto)
Alberta	3,610,185	3,095,255	85.73%	24,690	0.68%	379,550	10.51%	Bahasa Inggris
Manitoba	1,193,095	1,007,325	84.42%	17,950	1.5%	125,285	10.5%	Bahasa Inggris
Saskatchewan	1,018,310	938,170	92.13%	4,295	0.42%	59,240	5.81%	Bahasa Inggris
Nova Scotia	910,620	868,765	95.40%	15,940	1.75%	18,510	2.03%	Bahasa Inggris (de facto)
New Brunswick	739,895	512,115	69.21%	209,885	28.36%	9,310	1.25%	Bahasa Inggris dan Bahasa Prancis
Newfoundland and Labrador	509,950	502,475	98.53%	1,145	0.22%	5,000	0.98%	Bahasa Inggris (de facto)
Prince Edward Island	138,435	132,200	95.49%	2,465	1.78%	2,925	2.11%	Bahasa Inggris (de facto)
Northwest Territories	41,040	36,485	88.9%	555	1.35%	3,620	8.8%	Bahasa Inggris, Bahasa Prancis, Gwich’in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, Chipewyan, Cree, Slavey Utara, Slavey Selatan, Tłįchǫ^[12]
Yukon	33,655	31,025	92.18%	820	2.43%	1240	3.68%	Bahasa Inggris dan Bahasa Prancis
Nunavut	31,765	14,440	45.45%	245	0.77%	16,820	52.95%	Bahasa Inggris, Bahasa Prancis, Bahasa Inuit (Inuktitut, Inuinnaqtun).^[13]
Canada	33,121,175	21,457,080	64.78%	6,827,860	20.61%	3,673,865	11.09%	English, French

Sumber: Statistik Kanada, Sensus Penduduk Kanada tahun 2011 mengenai bahasa.^[14]

Statistik bahasa ibu di Kanada

Berikut ini adalah data statistik penutur bahasa di Kanada berdasarkan bahasa ibu atau bahasa pertama yang dipelajari yang dipakai :

Bahasa Ibu	Populasi (2016)	Persentase (2016)	Populasi (2011)	Persentase (2011)	Populasi (2006)	Persentase (2006)	Catatan
Monolingual	33,947,610	97.64%	32,481,635	98.07%	30,848,270	98.74%
Bahasa Resmi	26,627,545	76.59%	25,913,955	78.24%	24,700,425	79.06%
English	19,460,855	55.97%	18,858,980	56.94%	17,882,775	57.24%
French	7,166,700	20.61%	7,054,975	21.3%	6,817,650	21.82%
Non-Bahasa resmi	7,321,070	21.06%	6,567,680	19.83%	6,147,840	19.68%
Rumpun Bahasa Tionghoa	1,227,680	3.53%	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Bahasa Mandarin, Kanton, dan dialek bahasa tionghoa lainnya
Bahasa Mandarin	592,035	1.7%	248,705	0.75%	170,950	0.55%
Bahasa Kanton	565,275	1.63%	372,460	1.12%	361,450	1.16%
Bahasa Punjab	501,680	1.44%	430,705	1.3%	367,505	1.18%
Bahasa Spanyol	458,850	1.32%	410,670	1.24%	345,345	1.11%
Bahasa Tagalog	431,385	1.24%	327,445	0.99%	235,615	0.75%
Bahasa Arab	419,895	1.21%	327,870	0.99%	261,640	0.84%
Bahasa Jerman	384,040	1.1%	409,200	1.24%	450,570	1.44%
Bahasa Italia	375,645	1.08%	407,485	1.23%	455,040	1.46%
Bahasa Portugis	221,535	0.64%	211,335	0.64%	219,275	0.7%
Bahasa Persia	214,200	0.62%	170,045	0.51%	134,080	0.43%
Bahasa Urdu	210,820	0.61%	172,800	0.52%	145,805	0.47%
Bahasa Rusia	188,255	0.54%	164,330	0.5%	133,580	0.43%
Bahasa Polski	181,705	0.52%	191,645	0.58%	211,175	0.68%
Bahasa Vietnam	156,430	0.45%	144,880	0.44%	141,625	0.45%
Bahasa Korea	153,425	0.44%	137,925	0.42%	125,570	0.4%
Bahasa Tamil	140,720	0.4%	131,265	0.4%	115,880	0.37%	Sebagian besar orang keturunan Tamil menetap di Toronto
Bahasa Ukraina	102,485	0.29%	111,540	0.34%	134,500	0.43%
Bahasa Belanda	99,015	0.28%	110,490	0.33%	128,900	0.41%
Bahasa Yunani	106,520	0.31%	108,925	0.33%	117,285	0.38%
Bahasa Gujarat	108,775	0.31%	91,450	0.28%	81,465	0.26%
Bahasa Hindi	110,645	0.32%	90,545	0.27%	78,240	0.25%
Bahasa Rumania	96,660	0.28%	90,300	0.27%	78,495	0.25%
Bahasa Cree	64,045	0.18%	77,900	0.24%	78,855	0.25%
Bahasa Hungaria	61,235	0.18%	67,920	0.21%	73,335	0.23%	Sebagian besar penutur bahasa Hungaria tinggal di Ontario.
Bahasa kreol	72,130	0.21%	61,725	0.19%	53,515	0.17%
Bahasa Bengali	73,125	0.21%	59,370	0.18%	45,685	0.15%
Berber languages (Kabyle)	n/a	n/a	57,855	0.17%	25,578	0.08%
Serbian	57,345	0.16%	56,420	0.17%	51,665	0.17%
Bahasa Kroasia	48,200	0.14%	49,730	0.15%	55,330	0.18%
Japanese	43,640	0.13%	39,985	0.12%	40,200	0.13%
Chinese, n.o.s.^{[nb 1]}	38,575	0.11%	425,210	1.28%	456,705	1.46%
Inuktitut	35,215	0.1%	33,500	0.1%	32,015	0.1%	In the 2006 Census, this language was referred to as 'Inuktitut, n.i.e.'.^{[nb 2]}
Somali	36,760	0.11%	31,380	0.09%	27,320	0.09%
Armenian	33,455	0.1%	29,795	0.09%	30,130	0.1%
Turkish	32,815	0.09%	29,640	0.09%	24,745	0.08%
Albanian	26,895	0.08%	23,820	0.07%	n/a	n/a
Czech	22,295	0.06%	23,585	0.07%	24,450	0.08%
Khmer (Cambodian)	20,130	0.06%	19,440	0.06%	19,105	0.06%
Bulgarian	20,020	0.06%	19,050	0.06%	16,790	0.05%
Hebrew	19,530	0.06%	18,450	0.06%	17,635	0.06%
Amharic	22,465	0.06%	18,020	0.05%	14,555	0.05%
Ilocano	26,345	0.08%	17,915	0.05%	13,450	0.04%
Ojibway	17,885	0.05%	17,625	0.05%	24,190	0.08%
Slovak	17,585	0.05%	17,580	0.05%	18,820	0.06%
Finnish	15,295	0.04%	17,415	0.05%	21,030	0.07%
Macedonian	16,770	0.05%	17,245	0.05%	18,435	0.06%
Semitic languages, n.i.e.^{[nb 2]}	2,155	0.01%	16,970	0.05%	n/a	n/a
Bisayan languages	n/a	n/a	16,240	0.05%	11,240	0.04%
Malayalam	28,570	0.08%	16,080	0.05%	11,925	0.04%
Yiddish	13,555	0.04%	15,205	0.05%	16,295	0.05%
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	16,335	0.05%	14,185	0.04%	10,180	0.03%
Danish	12,630	0.04%	14,145	0.04%	18,735	0.06%
Niger–Congo languages, n.i.e.^{[nb 1]}	19,140	0.06%	14,075	0.04%	n/a	n/a
Lao	12,670	0.04%	12,970	0.04%	13,940	0.04%
Akan (Twi)	13,460	0.04%	12,680	0.04%	12,780	0.04%
Pashto	16,910	0.05%	12,465	0.04%	9,025	0.03%
Bosnian	12,210	0.04%	11,685	0.04%	12,790	0.04%
Sindhi	11,860	0.03%	11,330	0.03%	10,355	0.03%
Dene	10,700	0.03%	11,215	0.03%	9,745	0.03%
Oromo	4,960	0.01%	11,140	0.03%	n/a	n/a
Malay	12,275	0.04%	10,910	0.03%	9,490	0.03%
Montagnais (Innu)	10,230	0.03%	10,785	0.03%	10,975	0.04%	In the 2006 Census, this language was referred to as 'Montagnais-Naskapi'.
Slovenian	9,785	0.03%	10,775	0.03%	13,135	0.04%
Tigrigna	16,650	0.05%	10,220	0.03%	7,105	0.02%
Serbo-Croatian	9,555	0.03%	10,155	0.03%	12,510	0.04%
Swahili	13,375	0.04%	10,090	0.03%	7,935	0.03%
Oji-Cree	12,855	0.04%	9,835	0.03%	11,690	0.04%
Kurdish	11,705	0.03%	9,805	0.03%	7,660	0.02%
Taiwanese	n/a	n/a	9,635	0.03%	9,620	0.03%
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	31,795	0.09%	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
Telugu	15,655	0.05%	9,315	0.03%	6,625	0.02%
African languages, n.i.e.^{[nb 2]}	n/a	n/a	9,125	0.03%	n/a	n/a
Afrikaans	10,260	0.03%	8,770	0.03%	n/a	n/a
Bahasa Nepal	18,275	0.05%	8,480	0.03%	n/a	n/a
Bahasa Thai	9,255	0.03%	7,935	0.02%	n/a	n/a
Mi'kmaq	6,690	0.02%	7,635	0.02%	7,365	0.02%
Swedish	6,840	0.02%	7,350	0.02%	8,220	0.03%
Lithuanian	7,075	0.02%	7,245	0.02%	8,335	0.03%
Bantu languages, n.i.e.^{[nb 2]}	n/a	n/a	7,150	0.02%	n/a	n/a
Estonian	5,445	0.02%	6,385	0.02%	8,240	0.03%
Maltese	5,565	0.02%	6,220	0.02%	6,405	0.02%
Latvian	5,455	0.02%	6,200	0.02%	7,000	0.02%
Canadian Gaelic	n/a	n/a	6,015	0.02%	6,015	0.02%
Scottish Gaelic	1,095	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
Welsh	1,075	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
Celtic languages, n.i.e.^{[nb 2]}	530	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
Fukien (Fuzhou dialect)	n/a	n/a	5,925	0.02%	n/a	n/a
Marathi	8,295	0.02%	5,830	0.02%	n/a	n/a
Atikamekw	6,150	0.02%	5,820	0.02%	5,250	0.02%
Norwegian	4,615	0.01%	5,800	0.02%	7,225	0.02%
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.^{[nb 2]}	5,180	0.01%	5,255	0.02%	n/a	n/a
Hakka	10,910	0.03%	5,115	0.02%	n/a	n/a
Vlaams (Flemish)	3,895	0.01%	4,690	0.01%	5,660	0.02%
Tibetan languages	n/a	n/a	4,640	0.01%	n/a	n/a
Tibetan	6,165	0.02%	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.^{[nb 2]}	n/a	n/a	4,360	0.01%	n/a	n/a
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.^{[nb 2]}	1,405	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
Rundi (Kirundi)	5,845	0.02%	3,975	0.01%	n/a	n/a
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5,250	0.02%	3,895	0.01%	n/a	n/a
Sign languages, n.i.e.^{[nb 2]}	4,125	0.01%	3,815	0.01%	n/a	n/a
Slavic languages, n.i.e.^{[nb 2]}	2,420	0.01%	3,630	0.01%	n/a	n/a
Lingala	3,810	0.01%	3,085	0.01%	n/a	n/a
Stoney	3,025	0.01%	3,050	0.01%	n/a	n/a
Burmese	3,585	0.01%	2,985	0.01%	n/a	n/a
Shanghainese	n/a	n/a	2,920	0.01%	n/a	n/a
Wu (Shanghainese)	12,920	0.04%	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
Siouan languages (Dakota/Sioux)	1,265	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	5,585	0.02%
Blackfoot	2,815	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	3,085	0.01%
Frisian	2,095	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	2,890	0.01%
Dogrib (Tlicho)	1,645	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	2,020	0.01%
Algonquin	1,260	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	1,920	0.01%
South Slavey	950	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	1,605	0.01%
Carrier	1,030	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	1,560	<0.01%
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	880	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	1,180	<0.01%
Chilcotin	655	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	1,070	<0.01%
North Slave (Hare)	765	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	1,065	<0.01%
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	445	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	935	<0.01%
Nisga'a	400	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	680	<0.01%
Malecite	300	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	535	<0.01%
Chipewyan	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	525	<0.01%
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	1,020	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	365	<0.01%
Kutchin-Gwich’in (Loucheux)	260	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	360	<0.01%
Mohawk	985	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	290	<0.01%
Michif	465	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
Tlingit	95	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	80	<0.01%
Bahasa lainnya	n/a	n/a	77,890	0.2%	172,650	0.55%
Multilingual	818,640	2.35%	639,540	1.9%	392,760	1.26%
Bahasa Inggris dan Bahasa Prancis	165,335	0.48%	144,685	0.4%	98,630	0.32%
Bahasa Inggris dan Bahasa Nonresmi lain	533,260	1.53%	396,330	1.2%	240,005	0.77%
Bahasa Prancis dan Bahasa Nonresmi lain	86,145	0.25%	74,430	0.2%	43,335	0.14%
Bahasa Inggris, Bahasa Prancis, dan Bahasa Nonresmi lain	33,900	0.1%	24,095	0.07%	10,790	0.03%
Total^[15]^[16]^[17]	34,767,250	100%	33,121,175	100%	31,241,030	100%

Lihat pula

Referensi

^ The percentage figures cited in this chart are the top languages spoken as a home language in Canada, shown as a percentage of total single responses. Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census Profile of Federal Electoral Districts (2003 Representation Order): Language, Mobility and Migration and Immigration and Citizenship. Ottawa, 2007, pp. 6–10. Data available online at: "Detailed Language Spoken Most Often at Home". 2006 Census of Canada: Topic-based tabulations. Statistics Canada. April 8, 2008. Diakses tanggal January 15, 2010.
^ Chinese, n.o.s. The 2006 category "Chinese, n.o.s." includes responses of "Chinese" as well as all varieties of Chinese other than Cantonese, Mandarin, Taiwanese, Chaochow (Teochow), Fukien, Hakka and Shanghainese. Data for the "Chinese, n.o.s." category in 2001 and 2006 are not directly comparable. The 2001 category "Chinese, n.o.s." is equivalent to the sum of the 2006 categories "Chinese, n.o.s." and "Chaochow (Teochow)", "Fukien", "Shanghainese", and "Taiwanese".
^ "Various Languages Spoken (147), Age Groups (17A) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census – 20% Sample Data". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-10-11. Diakses tanggal 2017-12-15.
^ ^a ^b http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/as-sa/98-200-x/2016011/98-200-x2016011-eng.cfm. Diakses tanggal 2017-12-15
^ http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/lang/Pages/highlight.cfm?TabID=1&Lang=E&Asc=0&PRCode=01&OrderBy=2&View=1&tableID=401&queryID=1&Age=1#TableSummary. Diakses tanggal 2017-12-15
^ https://www.canada.ca/en/treasury-board-secretariat/services/values-ethics/official-languages/official-languages-act-and-you.html. Diakses tanggal 2017-12-15
^ ^a ^b "English section- The Charter of the French language". www.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca. Diakses tanggal 2017-12-15.
^ ^a ^b "Programs and Services". www.ece.gov.nt.ca (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2017-12-15.
^ "Official Languages | Government of Nunavut". www.gov.nu.ca (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2017-12-15.
^ Canada, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship. "Canadian symbols at citizenship ceremonies - Canada.ca". www.canada.ca (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2017-12-15.
^ "Canadian Citizenship Ceremony | Citizenship | CanadaVisa". Canadavisa (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2017-12-15.
^ ^a ^b ^c Canada, Government of Canada, Statistics. "2011 Census of Canada: Topic-based tabulations – Mother Tongue - Detailed Aboriginal Languages (85), Languages Spoken Most Often at Home - Detailed Aboriginal Languages (85), Other Languages Spoken Regularly at Home - Aboriginal Languages (12), Age Groups (13A), Sex (3) and Area of Residence (6) for the Population Excluding Institutional Residents of Canada, Provinces and Territories, 2011 Census". www12.statcan.gc.ca (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2017-12-15.
^ Consolidation of (S.Nu. 2008, c.10) (NIF) Official Languages Act^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]} and Consolidation of Inuit Language Protection Act^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}
^ Population by language spoken most often and regularly at home, age groups (total), for Canada, provinces and territories
^ "Census Profile, 2016 Census – Canada". Statistics Canada. August 2, 2017. line feed character di |title= pada posisi 30 (bantuan)
^ Census Profile – Province/Territory, Note 20
^ Topic-based tabulations|Detailed Mother Tongue (103), Knowledge of Official Languages, 2006 Census of Canada Diarsipkan July 1, 2013, di Wayback Machine.

^ ^a ^b ^c n.o.s. – not otherwise specified
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j n.i.e. – not included elsewhere

[1] The percentage figures cited in this chart are the top languages spoken as a home language in Canada, shown as a percentage of total single responses. Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census Profile of Federal Electoral Districts (2003 Representation Order): Language, Mobility and Migration and Immigration and Citizenship. Ottawa, 2007, pp. 6–10. Data available online at: "Detailed Language Spoken Most Often at Home". 2006 Census of Canada: Topic-based tabulations. Statistics Canada. April 8, 2008. Diakses tanggal January 15, 2010.

[3] Chinese, n.o.s. The 2006 category "Chinese, n.o.s." includes responses of "Chinese" as well as all varieties of Chinese other than Cantonese, Mandarin, Taiwanese, Chaochow (Teochow), Fukien, Hakka and Shanghainese. Data for the "Chinese, n.o.s." category in 2001 and 2006 are not directly comparable. The 2001 category "Chinese, n.o.s." is equivalent to the sum of the 2006 categories "Chinese, n.o.s." and "Chaochow (Teochow)", "Fukien", "Shanghainese", and "Taiwanese".

[4] "Various Languages Spoken (147), Age Groups (17A) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census – 20% Sample Data". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-10-11. Diakses tanggal 2017-12-15.

[:3-5] ttp://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/as-sa/98-200-x/2016011/98-200-x2016011-eng.cfm. Diakses tanggal 2017-12-15

[6] ttp://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/lang/Pages/highlight.cfm?TabID=1&Lang=E&Asc=0&PRCode=01&OrderBy=2&View=1&tableID=401&queryID=1&Age=1#TableSummary. Diakses tanggal 2017-12-15

[7] ttps://www.canada.ca/en/treasury-board-secretariat/services/values-ethics/official-languages/official-languages-act-and-you.html. Diakses tanggal 2017-12-15

[:0-8] "English section- The Charter of the French language". www.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca. Diakses tanggal 2017-12-15.

[:1-9] "Programs and Services". www.ece.gov.nt.ca (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2017-12-15.

[10] "Official Languages | Government of Nunavut". www.gov.nu.ca (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2017-12-15.

[11] Canada, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship. "Canadian symbols at citizenship ceremonies - Canada.ca". www.canada.ca (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2017-12-15.

[12] "Canadian Citizenship Ceremony | Citizenship | CanadaVisa". Canadavisa (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2017-12-15.

[:2-13] Canada, Government of Canada, Statistics. "2011 Census of Canada: Topic-based tabulations – Mother Tongue - Detailed Aboriginal Languages (85), Languages Spoken Most Often at Home - Detailed Aboriginal Languages (85), Other Languages Spoken Regularly at Home - Aboriginal Languages (12), Age Groups (13A), Sex (3) and Area of Residence (6) for the Population Excluding Institutional Residents of Canada, Provinces and Territories, 2011 Census". www12.statcan.gc.ca (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2017-12-15.

[nulang-14] Consolidation of (S.Nu. 2008, c.10) (NIF) Official Languages Act^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]} and Consolidation of Inuit Language Protection Act^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}

[pop1-15] Population by language spoken most often and regularly at home, age groups (total), for Canada, provinces and territories

[17] "Census Profile, 2016 Census – Canada". Statistics Canada. August 2, 2017. line feed character di |title= pada posisi 30 (bantuan)

[18] Census Profile – Province/Territory, Note 20

[19] Topic-based tabulations|Detailed Mother Tongue (103), Knowledge of Official Languages, 2006 Census of Canada Diarsipkan July 1, 2013, di Wayback Machine.

[nos-2] .o.s. – not otherwise specified

[nie-16] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j n.i.e. – not included elsewhere

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[2]

[3]

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