Bencana kelaparan

Dari atas-kiri ke bawah-kanan: korban anak-anak kelaparan di Rusia (1921-22), Belanda (1944-45), India (1943-44), dan Nigeria (1967-70)

Bencana kelaparan, paceklik, atau kahat^[1] (bahasa Inggris: famine) adalah sebuah bencana besar yang dikarenakan kurangnya bahan pangan di suatu wilayah. Efeknya tersebar luas, dan kerusakan yang disebabkan oleh bencana kelaparan bisa bertahan selama berbulan-bulan, bahkan bertahun-tahun. Sering kali kelaparan juga disebabkan oleh bencana alam lain, seperti gempa atau tsunami yang menghancurkan seluruh wilayah, dan menyebabkan eksodus massal. Kematian karena kelaparan dan kekurangan gizi sangat menyakitkan, dan sering terjadi pada balita maupun lansia.

Definisi

Menurut kriteria kemanusiaan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa, bahkan jika ada kekurangan pangan dengan sejumlah besar orang yang kekurangan gizi, kelaparan dinyatakan hanya jika tindakan tertentu mengenai angka kematian, malnutrisi dan kelaparan terpenuhi. Kriterianya sebagai berikut:

Sedikitnya 20% rumah tangga di daerah itu menghadapi kekurangan makanan ekstrim dengan kemampuan terbatas untuk mengatasinya
Prevalensi malnutrisi akut pada anak-anak melebihi 30%
Angka kematian melebihi dua orang per 10.000 orang per hari

Pernyataan kelaparan tersebut tidak membawa kewajiban yang mengikat pada PBB atau negara-negara anggota, namun berfungsi untuk memusatkan perhatian global pada masalah tersebut.^[2]

Lihat juga

Sumber dan bacaan tambahan

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