Sinima a Nijar

Sinima a Nijar
cinema by country or region (en)
Bayanai
Facet of (en)	cinema (en)
Ƙasa	Nijar
Wuri
17°N 10°E / 17°N 10°E / 17; 10

Cinema ta Nijar ta fara ne a cikin shekarun 1940 tare da shirin fim na ƙabilanci na Daraktan Faransa Jean Rouch, kafin ya girma ya zama ɗayan al'adun fina-finai na ƙasa mafi ƙarfi a cikin Faransanci na Afirka a shekarun 1960 zuwa 70 tare da aikin masu yin fim kamar Oumarou Ganda, Moustapha Alassane. da Gatta Abdourahamne . ^[1] Masana'antar ta ɗan ragu kaɗan tun daga shekarun 1980, kodayake ana cigaba da yin fina-finai a cikin ƙasar, tare da kuma fitattun daraktoci na shekarun da suka gabata da suka haɗa da Mahamane Bakabe da Inoussa Ousseini da Mariama Hima da Moustapha Diop da Rahmatou Keïta.^[2] Ba kamar makwabciyarta Najeriya ba, wadda ta bunƙasa masana’antar fina -finan Hausa da Ingilishi, yawancin fina-finan Nijar ana yin su da Faransanci ne tare da ƙasashen Faransanci a matsayin babbar kasuwarsu, A yayinda ayyuka da fina-finan nishaɗi masu sauƙi daga Najeriya ko aka yi wa lakabi da fina -finan yamma sun cika yawancin gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na Nijar.^[3]

Fina-finan Nijar na farko an yi su ne a cikin shekarun 1940, lokacin Nijar tana ƙarƙashin ikon Faransa a matsayin wani ɓangare na Faransa ta Yammacin Afirka. Jean Rouch, ɗan fim ɗin asalin ƙasar Faransa, galibi ana ɗaukar shi 'uban fim ɗin Nijar'. Zuwan Rouch a farko a matsayin injiniya a 1941, ya cigaba da zama a Nijar bayan samun 'ƴancin kai, kuma ya shawarci ƙarni na masu shirya fina -finai da' yan wasan Nijar, da suka haɗa da Damouré Zika, Moustapha Alassane da Oumarou Ganda . ^[1] Rouch ya yi fim ɗinsa na farko a Nijar a cikin 1947, tare da ɗan gajeren shirin Au Pays des Mages Noirs (A cikin Ƙasar Baƙaƙen Mages), yana cigaba da yin irin waɗannan gajerun shirye-shiryen tarihin ɗan adam, kamar su Les Magiciens de Wanzarbé (1948), Ƙaddamarwa à la danse des possédés (Ƙaddamarwa ga Rawar Mallaka ; 1949) da Chasse à l'hippopotame ( Hippopotamus Chase ; 1950). ^{[1] [4][3]}

A cikin shekarun 1950, Rouch ya fara samar da tsawon lokaci, fina-finan labari. A cikin 1954 ya yi fim din Damouré Zika a Jaguar a matsayin matashin Songhai yana tafiya aiki zuwa Tsohuwar Ghana ( Ghana ta zamani). ^[5] An yi fim ɗin azaman yanki na ƙabilanci, Zika ya taimaka sake shirya fim ɗin a cikin fim mai tsayi wanda ya tsaya a wani wuri tsakanin shirin gaskiya da almara, kuma ya bayar da maganganu da sharhi don sakin 1967. A cikin 1957 Rouch ya ba da umarni a Côte d'Ivoire Moi un noir tare da matashin ɗan fim ɗin Najeriya Oumarou Ganda. ^[1]

Nijar ta sami 'yancin kai daga Faransa a watan Agustan 1960; shekarun 60 sun ga ci gaban sana’o’in biyu daga cikin fitattun masu shirya fina -finan Nijar - Moustapha Alassane da Oumarou Ganda. ^[1] Fim ɗin Alassane na farko shine gajeriyar Aouré ( Auren Bikin aure ; 1962), game da auren Zarma. ^[1] Ya cigaba da yin gajerun fina -finai da yawa, da kuma raye-raye da yawa, bayan an horar da shi a cikin fim mai rai a Kanada . Fim ɗinsa na 1966 La Mort de Gandji ya lashe "Prix de Dessin" a bikin farko Mondial des Arts Nègres a Dakar . Alassane ya kuma yi adadin fina-finai da suka fi tsayi, kamar Le Retour d'un aventurier 1966, satire na zamantakewa FVVA: Femme, villa, voiture, argent ( WVCM: Mace, Villa, Car, Money ; 1972) ) da Toula ou Le génie des eaux (Toula ko Genie na Ruwa ; 1974). ^{[1] [6]}

Fim ɗin Oumarou Ganda na farko shi ne yaren Zarma Cabascabo, bisa ƙwarewarsa ta yin hidima a Indochina ta Faransa ; ya zama zabin Afirka na farko a bikin Fim na Cannes, kuma ya ci gaba da lashe lambar yabo ta Grand Jury a 1969 6th Moscow International Film Festival Ganda na ɗaya daga cikin manyan jaruman fina-finan Afirka na farko, wanda ya nuna kyaututtuka a bikin Finafinai da Talabijin na Ouagadougou (FESPACO), wani biki da shi da sauran 'yan Nijar suka taimaka aka samu.^{[ana buƙatar hujja]} Ganda's Le Wazzou polygame (1971) ya lashe lambar yabo ta farko (Étalon de Yennenga) a 1972 FESPACO, yayin da shi ma ya ci nasarar "Taya murna ga Juri" a na 4 (1973).^{[ana buƙatar hujja]} . Fim dinsa na 1973 Saïtane ya sami nasarar “ambaton Musamman” a FESPACO na biyar; wannan bikin yanzu yana gabatar da "Kyautar Oumarou Ganda", wanda aka bayar don mafi kyawun fim na farko.

Wani ɗan fim ɗin Nijar na wannan lokacin shi ne Gatta Abdourahamne ; a 1979 ya ci Caméra d'or a FESPACO don fim ɗin Gossi . A cikin wannan shekarar ya lashe lambar yabo ta Marubuta labari ta La Case a bikin UNESCO a Nairobi, Kenya .^{[ana buƙatar hujja]} Wani daraktan Nijar wanda aikinsa ya fara a wannan lokacin shi ne Djingarey Maïga ( L'étoile noire, 1976; Nuages noirs, 1979).^[7]

Jean Rouch, wanda ya zauna a Nijar bayan samun 'yancin kai, shi ma ya cigaba da shirya fina-finan wasan kwaikwayo a wannan lokacin, gami da Petit à petit ( Ƙaramin Ƙarami ; 1971), Cocorico! Monsieur Poulet ( Cocka-doodle-doo Mr. Chicken ; 1974) da Babatu (1976), tare da cigaba da yin gajeren wando na kabilanci.

Tun daga shekarun 1980 na shirya fina-finan Nijar ya dan samu raguwa, a wani bangare saboda raunin kudaden sashen jihohi, haka kuma saboda karuwar ayyukan sauki da fina-finan soyayya, musamman masana'antar fina-finan Hausa na makwabciyar Najeriya. Moustapha Alassane, wanda ya mutu a 2015, ya cigaba da shirya fina-finai (kamar Kokoa, 1985; Les Magiciens de l'Ader, 2000) har zuwa farkon 2000s. Oumarou Ganda ya yi fim ɗinsa na ƙarshe L'éxilé a 1980, kafin mutuwarsa a 1981. ^[6] Sauran fitattun masu shirya fim daga lokacin sun haɗa da Inoussa Ousseini (Wasan Kara, 1980), Moustapha Diop ( Le médecin de Gafire, 1986; Mamy Wata, 1990) da Mahamane Bakabe ( Si les cavaliers, 1982). ^[6] A shekarun 1980 zuwa 90 Mariama Hima, daraktar mace ta farko daga Nijar, ta samu yabo ga masu shirya fina-finai, kamar Baabu Banza (1985), Katako (1987) da Hadiza et Kalia (1994); bayan wasu manyan ayyuka na al'adu daga baya ta zama jakadiya a Faransa.

A cikin 1994, furodusa/darakta a Nijar Ousmane Ilbo Mahamane ya kafa Taron Fina-Finan Afirka ( Rencontres du cinéma africain de Niamey, RECAN) a matsayin biki na shekara-shekara ba tare da kyaututtuka ba sannan kuma cibiyar yin fim da nazarin fim.

A shekara ta 2004 Jean Rouch ya mutu a wani hatsarin mota a Yamai yayin da yake kan hanyarsa ta zuwa wani bikin fim na Nijar. ^[1] Ya yi fim dinsa na ƙarshe, Moi fatigué debout, moi couché ( Na gaji da tsayuwa, gajiya a kwance ), a cikin 1997.

Fim din Abzinawan Nijar na farko , Akounak Teggdalit Taha Tazoughai ( Rain the Color of Blue with a Little Red in It ), an sake shi a shekarar 2015 kuma tauraron mawaƙin Mdou Moctar ; Masanin kida na Amurka Christopher Kirkley ne ya ba da umarnin . Yana ba da labarin wani mawaƙi mai gwagwarmaya daga Agadez kuma yana kan sassaucin ra'ayi akan ruwan sama . Wasu fitattun mutane da ke aiki a masana'antar fina -finan Nijar na zamani sun haɗa da 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Zalika Souley, wacce ta lashe al'adar Insignes du méritel a Fim ɗin Carthage na 1990 da daraktocin Rahmatou Keïta ( Al'lèèssi. . . Ba mai yin afrika ba , 2005; Zoben Aure (Fim na 2016), aka Zin'naariya, 2016), Malam Saguirou ( La Robe du temps, 2008) da Sani Elhadj Magori ( Pour le meilleur et pour l'oignon !, 2008; Koukan Kourcia (Le cri de la tourterelle), 2011).

• Nigerdiaspo.com: Cinema ta Nijar Archived 2008-08-03 at the Wayback Machine .
• Archived Fim ɗin Nijar a Database na Intanet na Intanet
• IMDB: Jean Rouch
• IMDB: Oumarou Ganda
• Cibiyar Al'adu Oumarou Ganda, Yamai.
• BBC.co.uk: Fespaco ya fara cin nasara a 1972: Le Wazzou Polygame daga Nijar .
• Bikin fim na Cambridge na 2004: Cinema na Afirka ta Farko .
• Paris CinéMômes. Moustapha Alassane, marubucin du cinéma africain .
• Documentary Filmmaker Jean Rouch .
• (in French) Moustapha Alassane, Une légende vivante du cinéma nigérien . Mamane Sani Abandé. Tafawa Noir, 2007.
• (in French) Rétrospective du cinéma au Niger: Hommage aux pionniers . Jean-Baptiste Dossou-Yovo. Tafawa Noir, 18 ga Fabrairu 2004.
• (in French) Vers la résurrection du cinéma nigérien . Moctar Mamane Sani. Tafawa Noir, 2003.
• (in French) Al’arshe, wanda ba a taɓa yi ba a Afirka . François Bergeron. Tafawa Noir, 2003.
• Al'alassi. . . Jarumar Afirka. Fim din Rahmatou Keita. Nijar, 2004, mintuna 69. Mata Suna Shirya Fina -finai .com.
• Al'leessi… An African Actress . Binciken Oksana Dykyj. Binciken Media na Ilimi akan Layi, 2 Maris 2006.
• (in French) "Fils à papa", l'avènement d'un feuilleton da aka yi a Nijar . MS Abandé Moctar. 17 Satumba 2004. Tafawa Noir, 2004.
• (in French) Cinéma nigérien, les prémices d'un nouveau départ se dessinent . Candide Etienne ne adam wata. Tafawa Noir. 14 Fabrairu 2004.
• (in French) Djingareye Maïga : Ban taɓa yin siyasa ba ! Achille Kouawo, Clair Noir, 2005.
• (in French) Jean Rouch immortalisé à Niamey Archived 2008-08-28 at the Wayback Machine . Mamane Sani Abandé Moctar, Tafawa Noir, 2006.
• (in French) Hommage au grand sorcier: Baptême du Cibiyar Al'adu Franl Nigérien Jean Rouch Archived 2008-08-28 at the Wayback Machine . Mamane Sani Abandé Moctar, Tafawa Noir, 2006.