[go: up one dir, main page]

Jump to content

Harshen Heiban

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Harshen Heiban
  • Harshen Heiban
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3 hbn
Glottolog heib1243[1]

Harshen Heiban, Ebang, ko Abul, yare ne na Nijar-Congo a cikin dangin Heiban da ake magana a garin Heiban da ke cikin Dutsen Nuba na kordofa a kasar , Sudan

Harshen harshe

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Stevenson ne ya kirkiro rikodin farko na tsarin aji na Heiban (1956/57), inda ya rarraba kowane aji na suna zuwa sassan biyu, na farko shine don nau'i ɗaya kuma na biyu don nau'in jam'i. Kowane aji na suna yana da prefix mai nunawa. Rarraba nau'ikan suna faruwa ne saboda sunayen da ke cikin wani rukuni. Baƙo (1997) ya ci gaba da ba da gudummawa ga binciken Stevenson ta hanyar gano ƙarin rarrabuwa don sunaye.

Ma'anar Ma'anar Gabatarwa ta Musamman Gabatarwa da yawa Bayyanawa ta ma'ana
1,2 kw-/gw-

ku-/gu-

(Sai)

l- li-/lu- li- Mutane, dabbobi da yanayi ban da itatuwa
1,2 (Sai) - Ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun Dangi
3,4 Kw-/gw-

Ku-/gu-

j-/

Ji-/ju-

Itace
5,6 l- ŋ-/nw- Sadarwa
7,8 k-/g- j-/ Abubuwa na yau da kullun
9,10 dh- d-/r- Tsawon lokaci. abubuwa masu laushi
11,12 dh- j-/ Abubuwa masu girma da haɗari
13,14 k-/g- Ny- Hallow da abubuwa masu zurfi
15,16 ŋ- ny- Dabbobi da ƙananan abubuwa
20 ŋ- - Ruwan ruwa da sunaye marasa ma'ana
21,22 ŋ- j- Goat
25,26 (Sai) j- Kalmomin da suka fara da wasali

Wakilan sunaye

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ana rarraba sunayen a cikin Heiban a matsayin 'sunan suna da 'sunan da aka ɗaure' ko 'sunan sunaye'. Rubuce-rubucen farko na yaren, kamar a cikin aikin Guest (1997) kawai ya kai ga ambaton sunayen sarauta kyauta.

Wakilin batun (tsaya- kadai) Abubuwan da ke tattare da su
Mutum na farko Yankin da ake kira -nyi
Mutum na biyu Magana -aŋa
Mutum na uku ŋeda -nyi
Mutum na farko na biyu daŋa -ilo
Mutum na farko da yawa Anaŋa/alŋa -ilo
Mutum na biyu jam'i Ƙananan Ƙananan Ƙasashen -ji
Mutum na uku da yawa ŋidiŋa -ilo

Baƙo ya ci gaba da lura cewa a cikin Heiban, ba za a iya kiran wani abu ko dabba tare da wakilan mutum na uku ba, amma tare da ma'anar abu. Sunayen da aka haɗa su ne morphemes a cikin wani rikitarwa na magana wanda ke nufin wasu mahalarta amma ba takamaiman aji ba ne.

Farko Tsakanin labarai Ƙarshe Ayyukan haɗin kai
Mutum na farko Jirgin sama -inyi- -iny Batun da abu
Mutum na biyu Maɗaukaki- -aŋa- -aŋa Batun da abu
Mutum na uku ŋwu- -uŋwu- -uŋw Kullum batun
Mutum na farko mai yawa mai ma'ana Al- Batun
Mutum na farko da aka yi amfani da shi a jam'i Ana- -ana- -ana Batun
Abu na mutum na farko da yawa ji- -iji- -Ije Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su
Mutum na biyu mai yawa Nya- -anya- -anya Batun
Abu na mutum na biyu da yawa Ma'anar- -a (i) ji- -axis Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su
Yawancin mutane Al- -shi- -lo ?
Adireshin da yawa -ul Adireshin da yawa

Wakilan da aka haɗa don mutum na 1 da na 2 suna da takamaiman siffofi don wakiltar batun da abu. A cikin nau'i ɗaya, batun da abu na iya zama iri ɗaya a cikin rubutun amma ana zaton suna da bambance-bambance na furta. Har ila yau, akwai mutum na farko da ya dace da jam'i na musamman kuma ya hada da nau'ikan batutuwa. Bugu da ƙari, akwai wakilin mutum na uku wanda ba shi da wata magana ga kowane aji.

Adadin Heiban
1 gwetipo
2 ram
3 Thiril
4 koriŋŋ
5 thudhna
6 nairil
7 Koriŋ zuwa Thiril
8 dubaŋ
9 Thudhina a koriŋa
10 mutuwa
11 Ka mutu a gidan sarauta
12 Ka mutu rago
13 Mutuwa a cikin Thiril
14 Ka mutu a koriŋ
15 Ka mutu a thudhna
16 Ka mutu ga wani nairil
17 Ka mutu a koriŋ a thiril
18 Ka mutu a duba
19 Ka mutu a thudina a koriŋ
20 dhure

Bayan 20, lambobi suna ci gaba zuwa 200 a cikin irin wannan hanyar kamar matasa, tare da kalmar da ke nuna ikon 10 kawai canzawa.

Bayanan da aka ambata

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Heiban". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

Haɗin waje

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]