Fuma mai tsabtacewa

Fuma mai tsabtacewa (wanda akafi sani da decon foam) shine Maganin tsaftacewa da akayi amfani dashi a kan wuraren da aka gurɓata da kwayoyin halitta ko sinadarai (misali, masu yaki da sinadarai, anthrax spores ko kayan masana'antu masu guba). ^[1] An gano kumfa na Decon don yin sinadarai da kwayoyin halitta dayawa batare da lahani ba. Hakanan anyi niyya ne don amfani a yankunan da mutane dayawa suka kamu da cuta (misali a tarurruka, filayen jirgin sama, kide-kide). ^{[1] [2]}

Abinda ke cikin kumfa mai tsabtace muhalli shine ainihin ruwa da surfactant, yana haifar da fim mai ruwa wanda ke samar da kumfa wanda aka kara sunadarai daban-daban, yana rage yawan gurbataccen dake manne da farfajiya kuma yana samar da samfuran da basu da haɗari. Abubuwan dake amsawa na yau da kullun sune hydrogen peroxide da quaternary ammonium complexes. Decon foam sau dayawa yana zuwa cikin kwalabe da yawa, wanda, idan aka gauraya, ya haɗu don samar da maganin decontamination. Ya kamata a raba kwalabe har sai an buƙata yayin da kumfa zai iya fara rasa tasiri bayan gauraya. Bayan an gauraya waɗannan kwalabe tare, ana iya amfani da kumfa ta hanyar yayyafa shi a kan wani yanki mai gurbatawa ko ta hanyar aikace-aikacen hannu.

Magungunan decontaminants suna aiki sosai a kan polymers masu shiga kuma ana yin su don kauce wa lalata, amma suna iya canza polymer ko filastik har abada. A gefe guda, decontaminants na ruwa sunfi kyau tare da farfajiyar polar kamar kankare, amma suna da damar lalata farfajiyoyi.^[3] Don kawar da kumfa yaci nasara, yana da mahimmanci a daidaita kumfa saboda wannan zai kara ingancinsa. Gyara farfajiyar silica nanoparticles zuwa wani matakin an gano shi don kara kwanciyar hankali na kumfa.^[4]

Fuskar tsabtace muhalli na iya samun matakai daban-daban na tasiri dangane da fure na decon, nau'in mai gurɓataccen abu, da kuma farfajiyar da ake tsabtace mujalli. Yawancin decontaminants suna nuna tasiri a kan sinadarai a kan wuraren da basu da tushe da kuma wuraren da baza'a iya shiga ba, kamar gilashi da ƙarfe mara ƙarfe, tunda gurɓataccen ya kasance a waje na farfajiya kuma yana da sauƙin isa ga decontaminant. Koyaya, ƙarin wuraren dake da ƙwayoyin cuta dake shiga zasu iya shan gurɓataccen, yana sa yafi wuya a tsabtace shi, kuma masu tsabtace ƙwayoyin zasu iya barin gurɓatawar sinadarai a kan waɗannan wuraren.^{[5] [6]}

• Cire gurɓata ɗakunan wasiku a lokacin hare-haren anthrax na 2001. An rufe saman dake cikin ɗakunan wasiku da inci biyu zuwa uku na kumfa kuma an barsu na awa ɗaya kafin a kwashe su. Fuskar ta sami damar kashe yawancin anthrax ba tare da lalata kayan aikin ofis ko kayan ɗaki ba
• A matsayin matsakaiciyar ƙin makamai na yanki don kula da taron jama'a, misali don yin ƙasa mai santsi, da kuma rage ganuwa (a matsayin hazo)
• Jirgin saman saman LAX na iya yayyafa adadi mai yawa na kumfa a kan taron mutanen da za'a iya fallasa su, misali don yaudarar dukkan mutane waɗanda zasu iya zama wadanda ke fama da sakin nukiliya, sinadarai, ko kwayar halitta
• Cire gurɓataccen dakin gwaje-gwaje na methamphetamine ^[7]
• Gyara ƙira^[7]
• Rashin kamuwa da cuta a asibitoci da makarantu ^[7]
• Cire magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta ^[7]
• Aikace-aikacen soja ^[7]
• Mataki na rigakafi a muhawara ta shugaban kasa ^[7]

Babban fa'idodi guda biyu na kumfa a kan ruwa mai tsabta (chlorine, mafita na tsabta, da dai sauransu) shine tasirinsa a kan wuraren da ba'a kwance ba da kuma iska mai yawa zuwa ruwa. Sauran decontaminants suna da wuyar amfani dasu a bangon da rufin saboda rashin mannewa, duk da haka decon foam yafi kyau a mannewa da farfajiya, wanda ke kara yawan lokacin da za'a yi amfani da shi. Bugu da ƙari, babban iska zuwa ruwa yana bada damar amfani da kumfa ba tare da yin amfani da decontaminant ba. Wannan babban rabo kuma yana bada damar karamin ruwa don rufe babban yanki a yayin babban gurɓataccen.

• SNL100 (Sandia National Laboratories) ^[8]
• MDF200 (Modec Decon Foam) ^[9]

1. ↑ ^{1.0 1.1} Wadood Khan, Abdul; Kotta, Sabna; Hussain Ansari, Shahid; Kumar Sharma, Rakesh; Kumar, Vinod; Rana, Sudha; Ali, Javed (2012). "Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear threats-Decontamination technologies and recent patents: A review". Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy. 4 (1): 012704. doi:10.1063/1.3688029.
2. ↑ Goolsby, Tommy D. (1997). "Aqueous foam as a less-than-lethal technology for prison applications". Security Systems and Nonlethal Technologies for Law Enforcement. SPIE. 2934: 86–95. Bibcode:1997SPIE.2934...86G. doi:10.1117/12.265401. S2CID 110396848.
3. ↑ Love, Adam H.; Bailey, Christopher G.; Hanna, M. Leslie; Hok, Saphon; Vu, Alex K.; Reutter, Dennis J.; Raber, Ellen (2011). "Efficacy of liquid and foam decontamination technologies for chemical warfare agents on indoor surfaces". Journal of Hazardous Materials (in Turanci). 196: 115–122. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.09.005. ISSN 0304-3894. PMID 21944706.
4. ↑ Sonn, Jong Suk; Lee, Ju Yeon; Jo, Seon Hui; Yoon, In-Ho; Jung, Chong-Hun; Lim, Jong Choo (2018). "Effect of surface modification of silica nanoparticles by silane coupling agent on decontamination foam stability". Annals of Nuclear Energy (in Turanci). 114: 11–18. doi:10.1016/j.anucene.2017.12.007. ISSN 0306-4549.
5. ↑ Love, Adam H.; Bailey, Christopher G.; Hanna, M. Leslie; Hok, Saphon; Vu, Alex K.; Reutter, Dennis J.; Raber, Ellen (2011). "Efficacy of liquid and foam decontamination technologies for chemical warfare agents on indoor surfaces". Journal of Hazardous Materials (in Turanci). 196: 115–122. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.09.005. ISSN 0304-3894. PMID 21944706.
6. ↑ Love, Adam H.; Bailey, Christopher G.; Hanna, M. Leslie; Hok, Saphon; Vu, Alex K.; Reutter, Dennis J.; Raber, Ellen (2011). "Efficacy of liquid and foam decontamination technologies for chemical warfare agents on indoor surfaces". Journal of Hazardous Materials (in Turanci). 196: 115–122. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.09.005. ISSN 0304-3894. PMID 21944706.
7. ↑ ^{7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5} Sandia National Laboratories (2012-02-16). "Anthrax Decontamination Foam Used for Meth Lab Cleanup". SciTechDaily (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-11-24.
8. ↑ "Sandia decontamination foam". www.sandia.gov. Retrieved 2021-11-24.
9. ↑ "MDF-200/500® - Span-World LLC". deconsolutions.com (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-11-26.