Diferencia entre revisiones de «Áfrika»
Contenido eliminado Oñembojoapy marandu
Sin resumen de edición Etiqueta: editor de código 2017 |
Sin resumen de edición Etiqueta: editor de código 2017 |
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Jehai 15:
Oje'e Áfrikape oñepyrũhague [[yvypóra]] ha upégui ou opaite yvypóra ypykue, ojapo amo 300 000 ary, ha upe guive oñemyasãi oparupi yvy ape ári.
== Tembiasakue ==
[[File:African-civilizations-map-pre-colonial.svg|thumb|Áfrika retãnguéra tee Európa ondyry mboyve hese.]]
Áfrika rembiasakue oñepyrũ ojechaukárõguare [[yvypóra]] ypykuekuéra. [[Ára Ymaguare]] pukukuévo ojehecha ko yvýpe oñepu'ã ha okakuaárõguare [[Ehíto Ymaguare|Ehíto]]. Upéicha avei oñemongakuaa heta tetã ambuéva ndojejuhúiva ysyry [[Nílo]] rembe'ýpe, heta oñemu ha omba'ejogua ko'ã tetã umi pytagua ndive Áfrika okágui.
Arykuéra 600 pahápe, Yvate ha Kuarahyresẽ Áfrikape hetaite umi ojeroviáva [[Islã]] rehe. Upégui heñói [[arandupy]] ha tetã pyahu imba'eguasúva avei ko yvy rembiasakuépe, ha'éva [[suahilikuéra]] ha [[Mali Mburuvi]]. Upe rupi avei oñemboheta [[tembiguái reko]] ha upéicha ivaive Áfrika rekoteépe amo sa'ary XIX peve.
=== Tembiguái reko ===
Oikoháicha oparupi yvy ape ári, ojehecha avei ko [[tembiguái reko]] Áfrika yvýpe.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157 Historical survey > Slave societies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157 |date=2014-10-06 }}, Encyclopædia Britannica</ref><ref>[http://www7.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html Swahili Coast] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071206102932/http://www7.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html |date=2007-12-06 }}, National Geographic</ref> Hákatu oiko mokõi [[tembiguái ñemu]] ombohetave ha ombojetu'uve tembiguái reko ko yvýpe, ha'éva ojeporoguerahárõguare mbaretehápe Saára ha Atlántiko rupive.
Sa'ary VII guive amo sa'ary XX peve, oiko [[tembiguái ñemu árave]], ojeporoguerahárõguare amo 18 sua Áfrika pegua [[Saára]] ha [[paraguasu Índiko]] rupive oiko tembiguái ramo. Amo 500 ary pukukuévo, [[tembiguái ñemu Atlántiko rupive]] ojeporogueraha amo 7 térã 12 sua Afrikagua oho hag̃ua oipota'ỹre [[Amérika]]pe.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24156 Welcome to Encyclopædia Britannica's Guide to Black History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070223090720/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24156 |date=2007-02-23 }}, ''Encyclopædia Britannica''</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1523100.stm|title=Focus on the slave trade|date=3 September 2001|publisher=|via=news.bbc.co.uk|access-date=28 November 2010|archive-date=28 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728134034/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1523100.stm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| last = Lovejoy| first = Paul E.| title = Transformations in Slavery: A History of Slavery in Africa| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=5t5ERBlosqUC&pg=PA25| year = 2000| publisher = Cambridge University Press| isbn = 978-0-521-78430-6| page = 25| access-date = 2022-02-22| archive-date = 2022-04-09| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220409202233/https://books.google.com/books?id=5t5ERBlosqUC&pg=PA25| url-status = live}}</ref> Oĩramo jepe Afrikagua oipytyvõ va'ekue Europaguápe ha Asiaguápe toiko hag̃ua tembiguái reko, hetaiteve umíva oñemoĩ hese, ombohovái ha oñorairõ ohekávo opa hag̃ua tembiguái ñemu ijyvýpe.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Inikori|first=Joseph|date=1996|title=Measuring the unmeasured hazards of the Atlantic slave trade : documents relating to the British trade|url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/outre_0300-9513_1996_num_83_312_3457|journal=Outre-Mers. Revue d'histoire|volume=83|issue=312|pages=53–92|doi=10.3406/outre.1996.3457|access-date=2020-11-17|archive-date=2022-04-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409202232/https://www.persee.fr/doc/outre_0300-9513_1996_num_83_312_3457|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n0lI5c9trSAC|title=Fighting the Slave Trade: West African Strategies|last=Diouf|first=Sylviane A.|date=2003-10-24|publisher=Ohio University Press|isbn=978-0-8214-1517-7|language=en|access-date=2022-02-22|archive-date=2022-04-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409202237/https://books.google.com/books?id=n0lI5c9trSAC|url-status=live}}</ref>
Umi Afrikagua ojegueraha va'ekue upe kolónia [[Hyãsia]] mba'éva hérava [[Haiti|Saint Domingue]] tuichamba'e ojapo oguete hag̃ua tembiguái ñemu [[paraguasu Atlántiko]] rupive. Oñepyrũ hikuái [[Haiti Ñepu'ã]], ñorairõguasu omoheñói ha omosãso va'ekue tetã [[Haiti]], tetã peteĩha ojoko hekópe tembiguái reko.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Gaffield|first=Julia|date=|title=Haiti was the first nation to permanently ban slavery|language=en-US|newspaper=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2020/07/12/haiti-was-first-nation-permanently-ban-slavery/|url-status=live|access-date=2020-11-17|issn=0190-8286|archive-date=2021-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101164743/https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2020/07/12/haiti-was-first-nation-permanently-ban-slavery/}}</ref> Oiko rire ko ñorairõ, Európa retãnguéra oñepyrũ omomichĩ tembiguái ñemu ha oheka avei oguete hag̃ua tembiguái reko.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/devon/content/articles/2007/03/20/abolition_navy_feature.shtml Sailing against slavery. By Jo Loosemore] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108141034/http://www.bbc.co.uk/devon/content/articles/2007/03/20/abolition_navy_feature.shtml |date=2009-01-08 }} BBC</ref>
[[File:Colonial Africa 1914 map.png|thumb|200px|Áfrika yvykuéra ojehecha va'ekue Európa poguýpe ary 1914 jave.]]
=== Kolónia ===
Sa'ary XIX pahápe, Európa [[Tetã mbaretete|retãnguéra mbaretete]] ondyry ha oñemomba'e Áfrika yvy tuichakuére, ojapo hikuái [[Kolónia|ikoloniarã]] ha tetã hekosãso'ỹva. Mokõi tetã añoite hekosãsopáva ha ndojehecháiva Európa poguýpe, ha'éva [[Livéria]] ha [[Etiopía]].
[[Ehíto]] ha [[Sudã]] araka'eve ojehecha hekoitépe Európa poguýpe, jepémo [[Vyretáña Mburuvi]] ondyry rire ary 1882-me Ehítore, opyta upépe oñemomba'évo upe yvýre ary 1922 meve.
Koloniakuérape ijetu'u, Europagua omba'eguerahapágui ha oguenohẽ mba'ereta, omonandívo tetãnguéra ha oporomomboriahúvo. Hetaite umi Afrikagua ohasa'asy vai ha oiko jejopy vaípe kolónia ára pukukuévo.
=== Ára javegua ===
Ary 1951 jave, [[Lívia]] oñemosãso, kóva niko koloniakue peteĩha ohupyty va'ekue isãsorã, upe guive ipu'akave Áfrika retãnguéra ha Europagua oñepyrũ osẽ upe yvýgui, ikangyve hikuái [[Ñorairõ Guasu Mokõiha]] rire. Áfrika rembiasakue javegua henyhẽmba ñorairõguasúgui, ohekávo tetãnguéra isãsorã ha iñesãmbyhy, upéicha avei ojehecha okakuaaha heta tetã ha oñemyasãi [[jekopytyjoja]].
Oñepyrũ ary 1998-pe ko ñorairõguasu tetãygua [[Kóngo Jekopytyjoja Retã]]me, tetãnguéra ambuéva ijykegua oike avei ñorairõme ha upe guive omano amo 6 sua tapicha.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/democraticrepublicofcongo/8792068/Is-your-mobile-phone-helping-fund-war-in-Congo.html |title=Is your mobile phone helping fund war in Congo? |date=27 September 2011 |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |first=Gordon |last=Rayner |access-date=1 April 2018 |archive-date=18 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018135029/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/democraticrepublicofcongo/8792068/Is-your-mobile-phone-helping-fund-war-in-Congo.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Ko ára peve, ojehecha ñorairõguasu koichagua, ipukúva ha oporojukaitéva.
Ára 26 jasypo 2001-me ojejapo ko [[Áfrika Joaju]], peteĩ Áfrika retãnguéra atyguasu omba'apo joáva ohekávo jokupyty, ñopytyvõ ha py'aguasu ijyvy tuichakuévo.
== Tetãnguéra ==
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