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Using GPUs inside containers

⚡ Requirement nerdctl >= 0.9

nerdctl provides docker-compatible NVIDIA GPU support.

Prerequisites

  • NVIDIA Drivers
    • Same requirement as when you use GPUs on Docker. For details, please refer to the doc by NVIDIA.
  • nvidia-container-cli

Options for nerdctl run --gpus

nerdctl run --gpus is compatible to docker run --gpus.

You can specify number of GPUs to use via --gpus option. The following example exposes all available GPUs.

nerdctl run -it --rm --gpus all nvidia/cuda:12.3.1-base-ubuntu20.04 nvidia-smi

You can also pass detailed configuration to --gpus option as a list of key-value pairs. The following options are provided.

  • count: number of GPUs to use. all exposes all available GPUs.
  • device: IDs of GPUs to use. UUID or numbers of GPUs can be specified.
  • capabilities: Driver capabilities. If unset, use default driver utility, compute.

The following example exposes a specific GPU to the container.

nerdctl run -it --rm --gpus '"capabilities=utility,compute",device=GPU-3a23c669-1f69-c64e-cf85-44e9b07e7a2a' nvidia/cuda:12.3.1-base-ubuntu20.04 nvidia-smi

Fields for nerdctl compose

nerdctl compose also supports GPUs following compose-spec.

You can use GPUs on compose when you specify some of the following capabilities in services.demo.deploy.resources.reservations.devices.

  • gpu
  • nvidia
  • all allowed capabilities for nerdctl run --gpus

Available fields are the same as nerdctl run --gpus.

The following exposes all available GPUs to the container.

version: "3.8"
services:
  demo:
    image: nvidia/cuda:12.3.1-base-ubuntu20.04
    command: nvidia-smi
    deploy:
      resources:
        reservations:
          devices:
          - capabilities: ["utility"]
            count: all

Trouble Shooting

nerdctl run --gpus fails when using the Nvidia gpu-operator

If the Nvidia driver is installed by the gpu-operator.The nerdctl run will fail with the error message (FATA[0000] exec: "nvidia-container-cli": executable file not found in $PATH).

So, the nvidia-container-cli needs to be added to the PATH environment variable.

You can do this by adding the following line to your $HOME/.profile or /etc/profile (for a system-wide installation):

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/nvidia/toolkit

The shared libraries also need to be added to the system.

echo "/run/nvidia/driver/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/nvidia.conf
ldconfig

And then, the nerdctl run --gpus can run successfully.