tiyak

Tagalog

Borrowed from Hokkien, as per Chan-Yap (1980)^[1] and Manuel (1948),^[2] possibly:

的 (tiak, “true; real”), as in 的確／的确 (tiak-khak, “indeed; really”) with the Hokkien term as used in the Philippines, attested in the Dictionario Hispanico Sinicum (1626-1642), defined in Spanish as ciertamente (“certainly”).^[3]
大約／大约 (tāi-iak, “approximately; more or less; probably; likely”)

(Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /tiˈak/ [ˈt͡ʃak̚]
- IPA^(key): (no yod coalescence) /tiˈak/ [ˈt̪jak̚]
Rhymes: -ak
Syllabification: ti‧yak

tiyák (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜌᜃ᜔)

^ Chan-Yap, Gloria (1980) “Hokkien Chinese borrowings in Tagalog”, in Pacific Linguistics, volume B, number 71 (PDF), Canberra, A.C.T. 2600.: The Australian National University, page 134
^ Manuel, E. Arsenio (1948) Chinese elements in the Tagalog language: with some indication of Chinese influence on other Philippine languages and cultures and an excursion into Austronesian linguistics, Manila: Filipiniana Publications, page 63
^ Dictionario Hispánico-Sinicum‎^[1] (overall work in Early Modern Spanish, Hokkien, and Classical Mandarin), kept as Vocabulario Español-Chino con caracteres chinos (TOMO 215) in the University of Santo Tomás Archives, Manila: Dominican Order of Preachers, 1626-1642, page 112; republished as Lee, Fabio Yuchung (李毓中), Chen, Tsung-jen (陳宗仁), José, Regalado Trota, Caño, José Luis Ortigosa, editors, Hokkien Spanish Historical Document Series I: Dictionario Hispanico Sinicum‎^[2], Hsinchu: National Tsing Hua University Press, 2018, →ISBN.