rūgts

From the same stem as the verb rūgt (“to ferment, to turn sour, bitter”), of which it is technically the past participle. Cognates include Lithuanian rūgštùs (“sour”); cf. also 17th-century Latvian rūksts (“bitter, sour and bitter”) (= *rūgsts).^[1]

• IPA^(key): [ɾûːkt]

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rūgts (definite rūgtais, comparative rūgtāks, superlative visrūgtākais, adverb rūgti)

1. bittered; indefinite past passive participle of rūgt
2. bitter (having the acrid taste typical of, e.g., gall, or wormwood)

   rūgtas zāles, ogas ― bitter herbs, berries

   saldeni rūgts dzēriens ― bittersweet drink

   rūgta garša ― bitter taste

   rūgta kafija, tēja ― bitter coffee, tea (i.e., without sugar)

   rūgtā ķērsa ― bitter cherry (a different species)

   rūgtās mandeles ― bitter almonds (a different species)

   ēst vairs nemaz negribējās, kāposti likās rūgti ― one didn't feel at all like eating anymore, the cabbage seemed bitter

   viss, ko mēs ēdām un dzērām, bija rūgts kā žults ― everything that we ate and drank was as bitter as gall

3. (of smells) bitter (having the smell typical of, e.g., wormwood)

   rūgta smarža, smaka ― bitter smell

   rūgti ziedi ― bitter flowers

   rūgta ogļu dvinga ― bitter (char)coal fumes

   dūmi bija nežēlīgi rūgti un saka kost acīs un kaklā ― the smoke was cruelly bitter and started biting in the eyes and neck

4. (figuratively) bitter (which causes or is associated with painful experience, suffering, hardship; expressing such feelings, associations)

   rūgta dzīve ― bitter life

   rūgti maldi ― bitter delusion

   rūgtas ciešanas ― bitter suffering

   rūgta mācība ― bitter lesson

   rūgts pārbaudījums ― bitter test, ordeal

   rūgta atziņa ― bitter realization

   rūgta balss ― bitter voice

   rūgts pārmetums ― bitter reprimand, accusation

   nu nāca rūgtas dienas ― well, the bitter days have come

   patiesība, kaut arī rūgta, vienmēr labāka par ilūzijām ― the truth, though bitter, is always better than illusions

   viņas smalkie vaibsti, viegli pārklāti ar maigu saules bronzu, stāstīja par rūgtu vilšanos ― her delicate features, lightly covered by the soft bronze of the sun, told about bitter disappointment

• (of "bitter taste"): sīvs, sūrs

• rūgtums

• rūgt
• rūgums

• garša

• The basic tastes (pamatgaršas):
  salds - rūgts - skābs - sāļš