pro

 

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PRO

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Abbreviation of English Provençal + abbreviation of English old.

pro

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Old Occitan.

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /pɹəʊ/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• (General American) IPA^(key): /pɹoʊ/
• Rhymes: -əʊ

From Late Middle English pro, from Latin prō (“on behalf of”).

pro (plural pros)

2. An advantage of something, especially when contrasted with its disadvantages (cons).

   Synonyms: advantage, plus, upside

   Antonyms: con, disadvantage, downside, minus

   What are the pros and cons of buying a car?

3. A person who supports a concept or principle.

   Antonym: anti

• pros and cons

pro

1. In favor of.

   Antonym: anti

   He is pro exercise but against physical exertion, quite a conundrum.

Clipping of professional.

pro (plural pros)

1. A professional sportsman.
2. (colloquial) Professional.

   When it comes to DIY, he's a real pro.

• gold pro
• pro-am
• pro move
• pro shop

pro (comparative more pro, superlative most pro)

1. Professional.

   He landed a pro mentorship gig.

• pro wrestling

Clipping of prostitute.

pro (plural pros)

1. (slang) A prostitute.
   • 1974, "Fynn" (Sydney Hopkins), Mister God, This Is Anna

     Millie was one of the dozen or so pros who had a house at the top of the street.

• pro skirt

Clipping of proproctor

pro (plural pros)

1. (UK, slang, archaic) A proproctor.

• John Camden Hotten (1873) The Slang Dictionary

 

Clipping of prophylaxis.

pro (plural pros)

1. (slang, historical) A chemical prophylaxis taken after sex to avoid contracting venereal disease.

• RPO, opr., ROP, orp, OPr., POR

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈpɾɔ]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈpɾo]

pro m (plural pros)

1. pro; benefit; bonus

pro

1. pro, for; in favour of

From clipping of English professional.

• IPA^(key): /pʰou̯²²/, /pʰɹou̯²²/

pro

1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) professional

• 專業／专业 (zhuānyè)

• 傾pro／倾pro (“to discuss a school project”)

• IPA^(key): [ˈpro]

• Audio:

  (file)

Inherited from Old Czech pro, from Proto-Slavic *pro.

pro [with accusative]

1. for

   Zabili ho pro peníze. ― They killed him for his money.

pro n (indeclinable)

1. pro (advantage)

   Synonym: klad

   Antonyms: proti, zápor

   Všechno má svá pro a proti. ― Everything has its pros and cons.

• “pro”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “pro”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “pro”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

• Audio:

  (file)

• IPA^(key): [pro]
• Hyphenation: pro

pro

1. caused by, because of, owing to, due to
2. motivated by, for the sake of, on account of, for
3. in exchange for

• per
• por

Learned borrowing from Latin pro or Ancient Greek πρό (pró).

• IPA^(key): /ˈproː/, [ˈpro̞ː]
• Rhymes: -oː
• Hyphenation^(key): pro

pro (not comparable) [with nominative]

1. instead of, rather than

   Synonym: sijaan

   Sana taipuu kusi:kusen (pro "kusin").

   The word is inflected kusi:kusen (not "kusin").

• Ruppel, Klaas, editor (2021–2023), Suomen etymologinen sanakirja [Finnish Etymological Dictionary] (Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 72)‎^[1] (in Finnish), Kotimaisten kielten keskus, →ISSN

• “1. pro”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01

Borrowed from English pro, from professional.

• IPA^(key): /ˈproː/, [ˈpro̞ː]
• IPA^(key): /ˈprou̯/, [ˈpro̞u̯]
• Rhymes: -oː

pro (not comparable) (colloquial)

1. skilled

   Synonym: taitava

• “2. pro”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[3] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01

• IPA^(key): /pʁo/

Clipping of professionnel(le).

pro (plural pros)

1. (informal) professional

   Il est très pro.

   He's a real pro.

pro m or f by sense (plural pros)

1. (informal) professional

   Elle est une vraie pro.

   She's a real pro.

2. (informal) a whiz, someone who is very good at something

   Nous avons affaire à un pro !

   We're dealing with a pro!

• “pro”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

From prochain.

pro (plural pros)

1. (informal) next

   la semaine pro

   next week

Borrowed from Latin prō (“for”).

• Audio:

  (file)

pro [with accusative or dative or nominative]

1. per, each

   Synonyms: je, für

   Samt Mehrwertsteuer ergibt sich ein Kaufpreis von rund 30 Euro pro Stück

   After VAT the price comes to around 30 euros each.

   Der durchschnittliche Pro-Kopf-Konsum von Bier in Deutschland im Jahr 2018 summierte sich auf rund 101,1 Liter.

   Average beer consumption in Germany in 2018 came to 101.1 liters per head.

• Followed by a noun in either the accusative, dative or nominative case. No semantic distinction is made between the cases here. Examples from Duden:

  pro gefahrenen / gefahrenem Kilometer ― per kilometer travelled

  pro verkauftes / verkauftem Exemplar ― for every copy sold

  • The accusative is the most prescriptive and most formal sounding case.
  • The nominative is especially popular when a bare noun (i.e. without adjectives or other modifiers) follows the preposition:

    pro Mensch NOM >> pro Menschen ACC / DAT

    pro Kollege NOM >> pro Kollegen ACC / DAT

• When used in a Latin phrase, the ablative is used according to the rules of Latin grammar: pars pro toto or Pars pro Toto, and pro forma or pro Forma.

• pro Kopf

• “pro, je, zu, jeweils, für” in Duden online
• “pro, für, dafür” in Duden online
• “pro” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

pro

1. because of

• IPA^(key): [ˈpro]
• Hyphenation: pro

Learned borrowing from Latin pro.

pro

1. (colloquial) pro, in favor of.

   Synonym: setuju

2. more.

   Synonym: lebih

From clipping of profesional (“professional”).

pro (first-person possessive proku, second-person possessive promu, third-person possessive pronya)

1. Clipping of profesional (“professional”).

• “pro” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

• por

From Latin prō, which is the predecessor of French pour, Italian pro and Spanish para via Vulgar Latin por. See also por.

• IPA^(key): /pro/

pro

1. for, to, for the sake of, not against

   Ille ha un dono pro te.

   He has a gift for you.

   Io ha votate pro iste candidato.

   I've voted for this candidate.

   Medicamento pro uso interne.

   Medication for internal use

2. in place of, in exchange for, in return for

   Illa prendeva le robo pro solmente vinti euros!

   She got the dress for only twenty euros!

3. (+ infinitive) to, in order to (expressing the intended purpose of an action)

   Io vole cantar pro facer te retornar.

   I want to sing to make you return.

From Latin prō (“for, on behalf of”).

• IPA^(key): /ˈprɔ/^°, /pro/^° (preposition)
  • Rhymes: -ɔ, -o
  • Hyphenation: prò, pro
• IPA^(key): /ˈprɔ/^* (noun)
  • Rhymes: -ɔ
  • Hyphenation: prò
• The preposition does not trigger syntactic gemination in the following word, but the noun does.

pro

1. (archaic) for, in favor of/in favour of

• pro capite (pro-capite, procapite)

pro m (invariable)

1. (dated) good, benefit, advantage, weal
   • 1321, Dante Alighieri, La divina commedia: Inferno, Le Monnier, published 1994, Canto II, p. 29, vv. 109-111:

     Al mondo non fur mai persone ratte ¶ a far lor pro o a fuggir lor danno, ¶ com'io, dopo cotai parole fatte.

     Never were persons in the world so swift ¶ to work their weal and to escape their woe, ¶ as I, after such words as these were uttered.

2. pro (as in English “pros and cons”)

Borrowed from English pro.

• IPA^(key): /ˈprɔ/^*
• Rhymes: -ɔ
• Hyphenation: prò

pro m (invariable)

1. (slang) pro

pro m (plural pro)

1. good; benefit; advantage

• ꝓ (abbreviation, Medieval Latin)

From Proto-Italic *prō, from an innovative instrumental singular *próh₁ derived from Proto-Indo-European *pró (“toward”).

Use with accusative nouns is originally by analogy to ante, amplified in Late Latin due to the merger of other cases with the accusative.

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /proː/, [proː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /pro/, [prɔː]

prō (+ ablative, accusative) (accusative in Late Latin)

1. for
2. on behalf of, in the interest of, for the sake of
   • 6th century BC, Tibur pedestal inscription (CIL I² 2658; image (page 18)):

     𐌇𐌏𐌉𐌌𐌄𐌃𐌌𐌉𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌊𐌀𐌖𐌉𐌏𐌔[…]𐌌𐌏𐌍𐌉𐌏𐌔𐌒𐌄𐌕𐌉𐌏𐌔𐌃[𐌏]𐌍𐌏𐌌𐌐𐌓𐌏𐌅𐌉𐌋𐌄𐌏𐌃

     HOIMEDMITATKAVIOS[…]MONIOSQETIOSD[O]NOMPROFILEOD
     Hoi mēd mitāt Kāvios […]monios Qetios d[ō]nom prō fileōd.

     Kavios […]monios Qetios places me here as a gift on behalf of his son.

3. before, in front of
4. instead of
5. about
6. according to
7. as, like
   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I.14:

     pro nuntio fuit

     This was like an alarm

8. as befitting

• Late Latin: pōr (see there for further descendants)
• Sardinian: pro, po
• → English: pro
• → Finnish: pro
• → German: pro
• → Indonesian: pro
• → Portuguese: pró

• “pro”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “pro”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• pro in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• pro in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[4], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to make up, stir up a fire: ignem excitare (pro Mur. 25. 51)
    
  • as well as I can; to the best of my ability: pro viribus or pro mea parte
    
  • as well as I can; to the best of my ability: pro virili parte (cf. sect. V. 22.)
    
  • to die for one's country: mortem occumbere pro patria
    
  • to shed one's blood for one's fatherland: sanguinem suum pro patria effundere or profundere
    
  • to sacrifice oneself for one's country: vitam profundere pro patria
    
  • to sacrifice oneself for one's country: se morti offerre pro salute patriae
    
  • according to circumstances: pro re (nata), pro tempore
    
  • according to circumstances: pro tempore et pro re
    
  • to avoid no risk in order to..: nullum periculum recusare pro
    
  • to show gratitude (in one's acts): gratiam alicui referre (meritam, debitam) pro aliqua re
    
  • to thank a person (in words): gratias alicui agere pro aliqua re
    
  • to return good for evil: pro maleficiis beneficia reddere
    
  • according to a man's deserts: ex, pro merito
    
  • to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter: pro viribus eniti et laborare, ut
    
  • this much I can vouch for: illud pro certo affirmare licet
    
  • to quote an argument in favour of immortality: argumentum immortalitatis afferre (not pro)
    
  • this goes to prove what I say: hoc est a (pro) me
    
  • the matter speaks for itself: res ipsa (pro me apud te) loquitur
    
  • to translate literally, word for word (not verbo tenus): verbum pro verbo reddere
    
  • to be security for some one: sponsionem facere, sponsorem esse pro aliquo
    
  • to revenge oneself on another for a thing or on some one's behalf: ulcisci aliquem pro aliquo or pro aliqua re
    
  • to give some one satisfaction for an injury: satisfacere alicui pro (de) iniuriis
    
  • to tell lies: falsa (pro veris) dicere
    
  • a religious war: bellum pro religionibus susceptum
    
  • to sacrifice human victims: pro victimis homines immolare
    
  • to fight for hearth and home: pro aris et focis pugnare, certare, dimicare
    
  • to support a bill (before the people): pro lege dicere
    
  • to go to Cilicia as pro-consul: pro consule in Ciliciam proficisci
    
  • to give evidence on some one's behalf: testimonium dicere pro aliquo
    
  • to state as evidence: pro testimonio dicere
    
  • to defend a person: causam dicere pro aliquo
    
  • to punish some one: ulcisci aliquem (pro aliqua re)
    
  • to be on duty before the gates: stationes agere pro portis
    
• pro in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[5], pre-publication website, 2005-2016

From Latin.

• IPA^(key): /pʀoː/
  • Rhymes: -oː

pro

1. per

From Latin prō.

• IPA^(key): /prɔː/

pro

1. (Late Middle English, rare) advantage, benefit, upside

• English: pro

• “prō, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-07-10.

• IPA^(key): /pru/

• Audio:

  (file)

pro

1. enough

   N'i a pro. - There is enough (of it).

2. quite

   Una rauba pro polida. - A quite pretty dress.

pro

1. (very early Old French) Alternative form of por

From Late Latin prōde. Doublet of preu.

• prut
• prod
• preu
• prou

pro oblique singular, m (nominative singular pro)

1. profit, advantage
   • ca. 1050, Vie de Saint Alexis :

     Bons fut li sècles al tens ancienur, si ert créḍance, dunt or n'i a nul prut. Tut est muḍez, perdut aḍ sa colur.

     Good was the time of the ancients, as there was trust, in which nowadays there is no profit. Everything has changed and has lost its color.

   • 11th century, Chanson de Roland, 221-222 :

     E dist al Rei : « Ja mar crerez bricun, / Ne mei ne altre, se de vostre prod nun. [...] »

     (Ganelon speaks to Charlemaigne) And he said to the king, "You should never believe a madman: [believe] neither me nor anyone else, unless it is of your advantage. [...]"

• French: prou (in the idiom peu ou prou)

From Late Latin prōde (“useful”), perhaps via Old Occitan pro.

• IPA^(key): /ˈpɾo/

pro f (usually uncountable)

1. usefulness, advantage, benefit
   • c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 5v:

     Andat ⁊ matemoſle. Echemoſle en aq̃l pozo. E ueremos que prol aura so suenno. […]

     “Go and let us kill him. Let us throw him into that pit, and we shall see of what use his dream is to him! […] ”

   • 1140 – 1207, Anonymous, Cantar de mio Cid 1374:

     Bien casariemos con sus fijas pora huebos de pro

     We would do well marrying his daughters, out of need for [our own] benefit.

   • 1140 – 1207, Anonymous, Cantar de mío Cid 1913:

     Andar le qⁱero amyo çid en toda pro

     I want to always support the Cid.

     (literally, “I want to walk for my Cid in every advantage.”)

• por

• (pre-1990) prò
• (misspelling) pró

Contraction of pra o.

• Hyphenation: pro

pro (feminine pra, masculine plural pros, feminine plural pras)

1. (colloquial) Contraction of pra o (“for/to the (masculine singular)”).

   Ana foi pros Estados Unidos, num foi? (=para os)

   Ana went to the United States, didn't she?

• po (Campidanese)

From Latin pro.

• IPA^(key): /pro/

pro

1. for

• IPA^(key): /ˈpɾo/ [ˈpɾo]
• Rhymes: -o
• Syllabification: pro

Inherited from Old Spanish pro, from Late Latin prōde (“useful”).

pro m (plural pros)

1. usefulness, advantage, benefit

A recent Latinism, borrowed from Latin prō; see above. Doublet of por.

pro

1. pro, in favor of, for

• Equivalent to, and often replaced with, en pro de (see en, de) or a favor de (see a, favor).

A very recent anglicism, borrowed from English pro.

pro m or f by sense (plural pros)

1. pro (professional)

   Ella es toda una pro.

   She's a real pro.

pro m or f (masculine and feminine plural pro or pros)

1. pro (professional)

   Los atletas pro llegaron ayer, los otros vienen hoy.

   The pro athletes arrived yesterday, the rest are coming today.

   • 2016, Club de la Lucha, 2016-01-12 Entrevista The Fight Cub Torre Del Mar:https://www.clubdelalucha.es/blog/entrevistas/entrevista-the-fight-cub-torre-del-mar

     Hemos tenido luchadores pro y neo pero en este momento no están activos.

     We've had pro and newbie fighters, but right now they're not active.

• “pro”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28

pro

1. for
   • 1938, “Pö yelacen”, in Volapükagased pro Nedänapükans, page 1:

     Yel epasetiköl no ebinon bönik pro muf obsik.

     The past year has not been favorable for our movement.

   • 1938, “Ge lü Volapük!”, in Volapükagased pro Nedänapükans, pages 17-19:

     If xamobs yufapükis dabinöl, täno mutobs dasevön, das ons valik jenöfo binons geboviks pro disein.

     If we examine the existing auxiliary languages, we must admit that they are all indeed useful for the purpose.