mặc dù

• mặc dầu

From mặc (“to leave be”) +‎ dù (“even if, though”).

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [mak̚˧˨ʔ zu˨˩]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [mak̚˨˩ʔ jʊw˦˩]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [mak̚˨˩˨ jʊw˨˩]

mặc dù

1. (formal and literary) although; though