obsideo

From ob- (“before”) +‎ sedeō (“I sit”).

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /obˈsi.de.oː/, [ɔpˈs̠ɪd̪eoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /obˈsi.de.o/, [obˈsiːd̪eo]

obsideō (present infinitive obsidēre, perfect active obsēdī, supine obsessum); second conjugation

1. to sit, remain, abide, stay

   Synonyms: habitō, cōnsīdō, possideō, iaceō, resideō, subsīdō, incolō, colō, stabulō, vīvō, versō

2. to frequent, haunt, inhabit
3. (transitive, military) to besiege; hem in, beset, invest, blockade a place

   Synonyms: obsīdō, circumveniō, circumeō, circumsistō, circumdō, claudō, assideō, circumsaepiō, obstruō, saepiō

   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 26.1:

     Q. Fuluio Ap. Claudio, prioris anni consulibus, prorogatum imperium est atque exercitus quos habebant decreti, adiectumque ne a Capua quam obsidebant abscederent priusquam expugnassent.

     The military authority of Quintus Fulvius and Appius Claudius, consuls of the previous year, was extended and the armies which they had were decided upon, and it was added as a proviso that they should not withdraw from Capua, which they were besieging, until they conquered it.

   • Late 4th century, Jerome [et al.], transl., edited by Roger Gryson, Biblia Sacra: Iuxta Vulgatam Versionem (Vulgate), 5th edition, Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, published 2007, →ISBN, Danihelis 1:1:

     anno tertio regni Ioachim regis Iuda venit Nabuchodonosor rex Babylonis Hierusalem et obsedit eam

     In the third year of the reign of Jehoiakim king of Judah came Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon unto Jerusalem, and besieged it.

4. (transitive) to detain, hold captive
5. to occupy, fill, possess

   Synonyms: obtineō, possideō, compleō, adipīscor, apprehendō, teneo, comprehendo, occupō, capio

6. to watch closely; to be on the lookout for

• → English: obsess
• French: obséder
  • → Catalan: obsedir
  • → Dutch: obsederen
  • → Romanian: obseda
• Italian: ossedere
• ⇒ Portuguese: obsediar
• Spanish: obseder

• “obsideo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “obsideo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• obsideo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) to besiege a city: oppidum obsidere
    
  • (ambiguous) to give hostages: obsides dare
    
  • (ambiguous) to compel communities to provide hostages: obsides civitatibus imperare