kerajaan
Brunei Malay
editEtymology
editFrom raja + ke- -an. Either cognate with or derived from Malay kerajaan.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editkerajaan
- government of a country or state
Indonesian
editAlternative forms
edit- keradjaan (pre-1967)
Etymology
editAffixed raja + ke- -an, from Malay kerajaan, from Classical Malay kerajaan (“royal, become king”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editkêrajaan (plural kerajaan-kerajaan, first-person possessive kerajaanku, second-person possessive kerajaanmu, third-person possessive kerajaannya)
- kingdom
- monarchy: a government in which sovereignty is embodied within a single, today usually hereditary head of state (whether as a figurehead or as a powerful ruler).
- Synonym: monarki
- (obsolete) kingship
Coordinate terms
edit- kedatuan
- kedaton
- kesultanan (“sultanate”)
- kekhalifahan (“caliphate”)
- kekaisaran (“empire”)
Derived terms
editAdjective
editkêrajaan
Verb
editkêrajaan
- (obsolete) to become a king
- Jika ia kerajaan, tiada akan sempurna negeri ini. ― If he becomes a king, this nation will never be perfect.
Usage notes
editThe word is part of false friends between Standard Malay and Indonesian due to shared etymology. The Brunei, Malaysia and Singapore usage can be seen in Malay kerajaan.
Further reading
edit- “kerajaan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Malay
editEtymology
editAffixation of raja + ke- -an.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editkerajaan (Jawi spelling کراجاءن, plural kerajaan-kerajaan, informal 1st possessive kerajaanku, 2nd possessive kerajaanmu, 3rd possessive kerajaannya)
- (Brunei, Malaysia) government (an organisation which has the power to enact and legislate laws within its area of jurisdiction)
- Synonym: pemerintah
- kingdom
Usage notes
editThis word is part of false friends between Standard Malay and Indonesian due to shared etymology. The Indonesian usage can be seen in Indonesian kerajaan.
- The government sense prevails in Malaysia and Brunei due to the two countries' monarchic governments.
- In Singapore, foreign governments can be referred as either kerajaan or pemerintah depending on their form of government. The Singaporean government being a republic is always referred to as pemerintah, which has no monarchic connotations.
- In Indonesia, kerajaan is used in the sense of a kingdom only. Governments are always translated as pemerintah, which has no monarchic connotations.
Descendants
edit- Indonesian: kerajaan
Further reading
edit- “kerajaan” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
- Malay terms circumfixed with ke- -an
- Brunei Malay terms with IPA pronunciation
- Brunei Malay lemmas
- Brunei Malay nouns
- Indonesian terms circumfixed with ke- -an
- Indonesian terms inherited from Malay
- Indonesian terms derived from Malay
- Indonesian terms inherited from Classical Malay
- Indonesian terms derived from Classical Malay
- Indonesian 4-syllable words
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Indonesian terms with audio pronunciation
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian nouns
- id:Taxonomy
- Indonesian terms with obsolete senses
- Indonesian adjectives
- Indonesian verbs
- Indonesian terms with usage examples
- Malay 4-syllable words
- Malay terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Malay/an
- Rhymes:Malay/an/4 syllables
- Malay lemmas
- Malay nouns
- Bruneian Malay
- Malaysian Malay