freiner
French
editEtymology
edit(1907) From Latin frenare. Equivalent to frein + -er.
Cf. also Old French frener, from Latin freno, frenare.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editfreiner
- to brake
- (figuratively) to put a stop on, to slow down the progress of
- 2015 October 31, “Migrants : Allemagne restreint les accès à sa frontière avec Autriche”, in Le Monde[1]:
- En milieu de semaine, Berlin avait déjà annoncé qu’il prolongerait une nouvelle fois ses « contrôles temporaires » aux frontières, mis en place depuis le 13 septembre pour freiner l’afflux des migrants.
- In the middle of the week, Berlin had already announced that it would prolong these "temporary checks" at the borders once more, which were put in place to slow down the influx of migrants.
Conjugation
editConjugation of freiner (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | freiner | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | freinant /fʁɛ.nɑ̃/ or /fʁe.nɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | freiné /fʁɛ.ne/ or /fʁe.ne/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | freine /fʁɛn/ |
freines /fʁɛn/ |
freine /fʁɛn/ |
freinons /fʁɛ.nɔ̃/ or /fʁe.nɔ̃/ |
freinez /fʁɛ.ne/ or /fʁe.ne/ |
freinent /fʁɛn/ |
| imperfect | freinais /fʁɛ.nɛ/ or /fʁe.nɛ/ |
freinais /fʁɛ.nɛ/ or /fʁe.nɛ/ |
freinait /fʁɛ.nɛ/ or /fʁe.nɛ/ |
freinions /fʁɛ.njɔ̃/ or /fʁe.njɔ̃/ |
freiniez /fʁɛ.nje/ or /fʁe.nje/ |
freinaient /fʁɛ.nɛ/ or /fʁe.nɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | freinai /fʁɛ.ne/ or /fʁe.ne/ |
freinas /fʁɛ.na/ or /fʁe.na/ |
freina /fʁɛ.na/ or /fʁe.na/ |
freinâmes /fʁɛ.nam/ or /fʁe.nam/ |
freinâtes /fʁɛ.nat/ or /fʁe.nat/ |
freinèrent /fʁɛ.nɛʁ/ or /fʁe.nɛʁ/ | |
| future | freinerai /fʁɛn.ʁe/ |
freineras /fʁɛn.ʁa/ |
freinera /fʁɛn.ʁa/ |
freinerons /fʁɛn.ʁɔ̃/ |
freinerez /fʁɛn.ʁe/ |
freineront /fʁɛn.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | freinerais /fʁɛn.ʁɛ/ |
freinerais /fʁɛn.ʁɛ/ |
freinerait /fʁɛn.ʁɛ/ |
freinerions /fʁɛ.nə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /fʁe.nə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
freineriez /fʁɛ.nə.ʁje/ or /fʁe.nə.ʁje/ |
freineraient /fʁɛn.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | freine /fʁɛn/ |
freines /fʁɛn/ |
freine /fʁɛn/ |
freinions /fʁɛ.njɔ̃/ or /fʁe.njɔ̃/ |
freiniez /fʁɛ.nje/ or /fʁe.nje/ |
freinent /fʁɛn/ |
| imperfect2 | freinasse /fʁɛ.nas/ or /fʁe.nas/ |
freinasses /fʁɛ.nas/ or /fʁe.nas/ |
freinât /fʁɛ.na/ or /fʁe.na/ |
freinassions /fʁɛ.na.sjɔ̃/ or /fʁe.na.sjɔ̃/ |
freinassiez /fʁɛ.na.sje/ or /fʁe.na.sje/ |
freinassent /fʁɛ.nas/ or /fʁe.nas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | freine /fʁɛn/ |
— | freinons /fʁɛ.nɔ̃/ or /fʁe.nɔ̃/ |
freinez /fʁɛ.ne/ or /fʁe.ne/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
edit- “freiner”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.