for
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English
editEtymology
editFrom Middle English for, from Old English for (“for, because of”), from Proto-Germanic *furi (“for”), from Proto-Indo-European *preh₂-.
Cognate with West Frisian foar (“for”), Dutch voor (“for”), German für (“for”), Danish for (“for”), Swedish för (“for”), Norwegian for (“for”), Icelandic fyrir (“for”), Latin per (“by, through, for, by means of”) and Romance language successors (e.g. Spanish para (“for”)), Ancient Greek περί (perí, “for, about, toward”), Lithuanian per (“by, through, during”), Sanskrit परि (pári, “over, around”).
Pronunciation
edit- (stressed) enPR: fôr
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /fɔː(ɹ)/
- (General American) IPA(key): /fɔɹ/
- (Canada) IPA(key): [foːɹ]
Audio (General American): (file) - (General Australian, New Zealand) IPA(key): /foː(ɹ)/
Audio (General Australian): (file) - Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)
- (unstressed) enPR: fər
- (Received Pronunciation, General Australian) IPA(key): /fə(ɹ)/
- (General American, Canada) IPA(key): /fɚ/, /fə/
Audio (US, unstressed form); “wait for me”: (file) - (New Zealand) IPA(key): /fɘ(ɹ)/
- Homophones: fore, four (horse–hoarse merger)
Conjunction
editfor
- (formal, literary) Because.
- I had to stay with my wicked stepmother, for I had nowhere else to go.
- c. 1601, William Shakespeare, Twelfth Night[2], act 3, scene 4:
- […] Dismount thy tuck, be yare in thy preparation, for thy assailant is quick, skillful and deadly.
- 1885, Richard Francis Burton, The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night:
- […] nor is there found, in sea or on land, a sweeter or pleasanter of gifts than she; for she is prime in comeliness and seemlihead of face and symmetrical shape of perfect grace; her check is ruddy dight, her brow flower white, her teeth gem-bright, her eyes blackest black and whitest white, her hips of heavy weight, her waist slight and her favour exquisite.
- 1900, L[yman] Frank Baum, chapter 23, in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz:
- "By means of the Golden Cap I shall command the Winged Monkeys to carry you to the gates of the Emerald City," said Glinda, "for it would be a shame to deprive the people of so wonderful a ruler."
Synonyms
edit- given that, seeing that; see also Thesaurus:because
Translations
editPreposition
editfor
- Towards; in the direction of.
- The astronauts headed for the moon.
- Run for the hills!
- He was headed for the door when he remembered.
- 1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “New Atlantis. A Worke Vnfinished.”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC, page 1:
- Wee ſailed from Peru, (where wee had continued by the ſpace of one whole yeare,) for China and Iapan, by the South Sea; [...]
- Directed at; intended to belong to.
- I have something for you.
- In order to help, benefit, gratify, honor etc. (someone or something).
- Everything I do, I do for you.
- We're having a birthday party for Janet.
- The mayor gave a speech for the charity gala.
- 1976, Michael McDonald (lyrics and music), “Takin' It to the Streets”, performed by The Doobie Brothers:
- You, telling me the things you're gonna do for me.
- Befitting of someone’s beliefs, needs, wants, skills, or tastes; best suited to.
- If having to bag the groceries correctly is more than you can handle, then this isn't the job for you.
- To be used or treated in a stated way, or with a stated purpose.
- This is a new bell for my bicycle.
- The cake is for Tom and Helen's anniversary.
- This medicine is for your cough.
- These apples here are for eating. The rest are for throwing away.
- Supporting, in favour of.
- Antonym: against
- All those for the motion, raise your hands.
- Who's for ice-cream?
- I'm for going by train
- Ten voted for, and three against. (with implied object)
- Because of.
- He wouldn't apologize; and just for that, she refused to help him.
- He looks better for having lost weight. (UK usage)
- She was the worse for drink.
- I like her for lots of reasons.
- c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene v]:
- with fiery eyes sparkling for very wrath
- 1867, Frederick Metcalfe, The Oxonian in Iceland, page 202:
- "A summerly day for you," said my host; "You ought to be here in winter. It is impossible then to get out of the doors for the snow and wind. Ugh! dreadful weather!"
- 1864, George Etell Sargent, The Story of a City Arab, page 313:
- I could not see his hands, for the thick gloves he wore, and his face was partially concealed by a red woollen comforter; but his entire appearance and manners tallied with what I had seen of Yorkshire farmerhood.
- In order to cure, remove or counteract.
- I need to spray my house for termites.
- So as to allow (something or someone) to take position.
- Make way for the president!
- Clear the shelves for our new Christmas stock!
- In anticipation of.
- Stand by for your cue.
- Prepare for battle.
- So as to identify or locate.
- They swept the area for enemy operatives.
- Police combed his flat for clues.
- Over (a period of time).
- I've lived here for three years.
- They fought for days over a silly pencil.
- The store is closed for the day.
- 1717, Joseph Addison, Metamorphoses:
- To guide the sun's bright chariot for a day.
- Throughout or across (a distance in space).
- I can see for miles.
- c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv]:
- For many miles about / There's scarce a bush.
- Used to introduce a subject of a to-infinitive clause.
- It is unreasonable for our boss to withhold our wages.
- All I want is for you to be happy.
- On behalf of.
- I will stand in for him.
- I speak for the Prime Minister.
- In the role or capacity of; instead of; in place of.
- I used a hay bale for a bed.
- He's got a turnip for a brain.
- In exchange for; in correspondence or equivalence with.
- I got five hundred pounds for that old car!
- He matched me blow for blow.
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 21:23-24:
- And if any mischief follow, then thou shalt give life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.
- In order to obtain or acquire.
- I am aiming for completion by the end of business Thursday.
- He's going for his doctorate.
- Do you want to go for coffee?
- People all over Greece looked to Delphi for answers.
- Can you go to the store for some eggs?
- I'm saving up for a car.
- Don't wait for an answer.
- What did he ask you for?
- 1641 (first performance), [John Denham], “The Prologue”, in The Sophy. […], 2nd edition, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for H[enry] Herringman, […], published 1667, →OCLC:
- For we would have you know it, / The loſs will fall on us, not on the Poet: / For he writes not for money, nor for praiſe, / Nor to be call'd a Wit, nor to wear Bayes: […]
- By the standards of, usually with the implication that those standards are lower than one might otherwise expect; considering.
- Fair for its day.
- She's spry for an old lady.
- He's very mature, for a two-year-old.
- To be, or as being.
- Don't take me for a fool.
- 17th century Abraham Cowley, Of Wit
- We take a falling meteor for a star.
- a. 1705, John Locke, “Of the Conduct of the Understanding”, in Posthumous Works of Mr. John Locke: […], London: […] A[wnsham] and J[ohn] Churchill, […], published 1706, →OCLC:
- if a man can be persuaded and fully assured of anything for a truth without having examined, what is there that he may not embrace for truth ?
- c. 1690, John Dryden, Translations (Preface)
- Most of our ingenious young men take up some cry'd-up English poet for their model.
- 1712, Ambrose Philips, The Distrest Mother:
- But let her go for an ungrateful woman.
- 1976, Louis L’Amour, chapter 2, in The Rider of Lost Creek, Bantam Dell, →ISBN:
- They knew him for a stranger.
- (usually in the phrase 'for all') Despite, in spite of.
- For all his expensive education, he didn't seem very bright.
- 1898, H.G. Wells, The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann, page 113:
- "You must keep your head. There is still hope." "Hope!" "Yes; plentiful hope -- for all this destruction!"
- 1892 August 6, "The Unbidden Guest", in Charles Dickens, Jr. (editor), All the Year Round,[3] page 133,
- Mr. Joseph Blenkinshaw was perhaps not worth quite so much as was reported; but for all that he was a very wealthy man […]
- 1968, J. J. Scarisbrick, Henry VIII, page 240:
- For all his faults, there had been something lofty and great about him - as a judge, as a patron of education, as a builder, as an international figure.
- Indicating something desired or anticipated.
- O for the wings of a dove.
- Ah! for wings to soar …
- And now for a slap-up meal!
- 1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act PROLOGUE, (please specify the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals)]:
- O For a Muſe of Fire, that would aſcend / The brighteſt Heauen of Inuention :
- 1858 March 27, “The Lay of the Brief”, in Punch, Or, The London Charivari, page 129:
- Oh! but to breathe the air / By their side under summer skies! To watch the blush on their cheeks, / The light in their liquid eyes. / Oh! but for one short hour, / To whisper a word of love; […]
- (in expressions such as 'for a start') Introducing the first item(s) in a potential sequence .
- Go scuba diving? For one thing, I can't even swim.
- For another, we don't have any equipment.
- (with names, chiefly US) In honor of; after.
- He is named for his grandfather.
- (UK) Due for or facing (a certain outcome or fate).
- He totally screwed up that project. Now he's surely for the sack.
- (chiefly US) Out of; used to indicate a fraction, a ratio
- In term of base hits, Jones was three for four on the day
- (cricket) Used as part of a score to indicate the number of wickets that have fallen.
- At close of play, England were 305 for 3.
- (obsolete) Indicating that in prevention of which, or through fear of which, anything is done.
- 1609–1612, Francis Beaumont, John Fletcher, “The Captaine”, in Comedies and Tragedies […], London: […] Humphrey Robinson, […], and for Humphrey Moseley […], published 1647, →OCLC, Act III, scene v:
- We'll have a bib, for spoiling of thy doublet.
- (nonstandard) So (that), in order to
- He took the swing shift for he could get more overtime.
- Used in various other more-or-less idiomatic ways to construe individual verbs, indicating various semantic relationships such as target, purpose, result, etc.; see also the entries for individual phrasal verbs, e.g. ask for, look for, stand for, etc.
- to account for one's whereabouts to care for a relative to settle for second best to allow for mistakes
Usage notes
editSome modern grammars classify the sense that introduces a subject of a to-infinitive clause as a subordinator rather than a preposition;[1] most grammar books and dictionaries to date, being based on traditional grammar, classify it as a preposition rather than a subordinating conjunction.[1]
Alternative forms
editAntonyms
editDerived terms
editTranslations
editParticle
editfor
- (nonstandard, in representations of dialectal speech, especially that of black speakers) To, the particle for marking the following verb as an infinitive.
- 1896, McClure's magazine, page 270:
- “'Ugh—I'll not be able for get up. Send for M'sieu le Curé—I'll be goin' for die for sure.'
- 1898 December 17, “Mr. Owens' Experience”, in Forest and Stream, volume 51, page 485:
- [It was a] firs rate place for shoot a woodcocks, I tell you. [...] I say [it] wass no use for spen money. [...] An I say in "So wass I. I see lot of sy-pokes fly up an twist off like screw-cork an spit whistle, but I wass'nt able for get aim on him."
- 2007, H. Nigel Thomas, Return to Arcadia: A Novel (Tsar Publications):
- "She say that when nigger people step out o' they place and start for rub shoulders with Bacra, trouble just 'round the corner."
Related terms
editReferences
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Pullum, Geoffrey K. (2024) The Truth About English Grammar, Polity Press, →ISBN, page 98
Further reading
edit- Andrea Tyler and Vyvyan Evans, "Spatial particles of orientation", in The Semantics of English Prepositions: Spatial Scenes, Embodied Meaning and Cognition, Cambridge University Press, 2003, 0-521-81430 8
- “for”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
- “for”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
Anagrams
editAbinomn
editNoun
editfor
Cameroon Pidgin
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editPreposition
editfor
Catalan
editPronunciation
editNoun
editfor m (plural fors)
- tax, rate
- (numismatics) exchange rate, market value (of a coin)
- forum
- (archaic) fuero, tribunal
Chinese
editEtymology 1
editPronunciation
edit- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: fo6
- Yale: foh
- Cantonese Pinyin: fo6
- Guangdong Romanization: fo6
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɔː²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
Preposition
editfor
- (Hong Kong Cantonese) for; for the purpose of
- (Hong Kong Cantonese) for; for the sake of; intended to belong to or used by
Synonyms
editDerived terms
editEtymology 2
editPronunciation
edit- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: fo1
- Yale: fō
- Cantonese Pinyin: fo1
- Guangdong Romanization: fo1
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɔː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
Verb
editfor
- (Hong Kong Cantonese) to forward (a message, an email, etc.)
References
edit- 歐陽偉豪 (2010 February 25) “中英見面冊﹕OK勤力、等我load一load”, in Ming Pao (in Chinese)
Cornish
editNoun
editfor
- Mixed mutation of mor.
Danish
editEtymology 1
editFrom Old Norse fóðr, from Middle Low German vōder (“linen, sheath”), from Proto-Germanic *fōdrą (“sheath”).
Alternative forms
editPronunciation
editNoun
editfor n (singular definite foret, plural indefinite for)
Inflection
editReferences
edit“for,1” in Den Danske Ordbog
Etymology 2
editFrom Old Danish for, from Proto-Germanic *furai (in Western Old Norse replaced by the variant Old Norse fyrr, from Proto-Germanic *furiz, *furi, = Danish before).
Pronunciation
editPreposition
editfor
Adverb
editfor
Conjunction
editfor
Etymology 3
editSee fare (“to rush, run”).
Pronunciation
editVerb
editfor, fór or farede
Esperanto
editEtymology
editCompare Latin forās, forīs (“outside”).
Pronunciation
editAdverb
editfor
- away, far, gone
- 1998, Henrik Ibsen, translated by Odd Tangerud, Puphejmo : Dramo en tri aktoj[4]:
- NORA (komencas elpreni el la skatolo, sed baldaŭ forĵetas ĉion). Ho, se mi kuraĝus eliri. Se nur neniu venus. Se nur ne dume okazus io hejme. Stulta babilaĵo; neniu venos. Nur ne pensi. Brosi la mufon. Delikataj gantoj, delikataj gantoj. For el la pensoj! For, for! Unu, du, tri, kvar, kvin, ses — (krias) Jen, tie ili venas —
- NORA (begins to unpack the box, but soon pushes it all away). Oh, if I dared go out. If only no one would come. If only I could be sure nothing would happen here in the meantime. Stupid nonsense; no one will come. Only I mustn't think about it. I will brush my muff. What lovely, lovely gloves. Out of my thoughts, Away, away! One, two, three, four, five, six— (Screams) There, someone's coming—
Derived terms
editFrench
editEtymology
editInherited from Latin forum; doublet of fur and forum. Unrelated to French fort.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editfor m (plural not attested)
- (obsolete) Only used in for intérieur
Further reading
edit- “for”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Galician
editEtymology 1
editInflected form of ir (“to go”).
Verb
editfor
Etymology 2
editInflected form of ser (“to be”).
Verb
editfor
Icelandic
editPronunciation
editNoun
editfor f (genitive singular forar, nominative plural forir)
Declension
editDerived terms
editIdo
editEtymology
editBorrowing from English far (from). Compare Esperanto for.
Pronunciation
editPreposition
editfor
Derived terms
edit- de fore (“from afar, at afar, distance”)
- for de hike (“a great way off (from here)”)
- for-
- fora komerco (“foreign trade”)
- fora navigado (“foreign navigation”)
- fora (“distant, remote, far distant”)
- forajo (“a distant object; distance (prospect)”)
- fore (“(far) away”)
- foresar (“to be away”)
- foreso (“remoteness”)
- forigar (“to remove, send away”)
Ladin
editEtymology
editBorrowed from German fort or Middle High German vort (“going on, continuing”).[1]
Adverb
editfor
- (Gherdëina) always
- Ël stà for a cësa ― He always stays at home
- La dumënies jons for sa mont ― On Sundays we always go hiking
- L ie for stat y l sarà for nsci ― It has always been and it always will be like this
- (Gherdëina, with comparative) to a greater degree over time, more and more
- L vën for plu frëit ― It's getting colder and colder.
- Ie capësce for de manco ― I understand less and less
Alternative forms
editRelated terms
editReferences
editLatin
edit
Etymology
editFrom Proto-Italic *fāōr, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéh₂ti (“to speak”). It is unclear why the verb is deponent.
Pronunciation
edit- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /for/, [fɔr]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /for/, [fɔr]
Verb
editfor (present infinitive fārī or fārier, perfect active fātus sum); first conjugation, deponent, defective
Conjugation
editCertain forms were not used in Classical Latin.
Conjugation of for (first conjugation, deponent) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
indicative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | for | fāris, fāre |
fātur | fāmur | fāminī | fantur |
imperfect | fābar | fābāris, fābāre |
fābātur | fābāmur | fābāminī | fābantur | |
future | fābor | fāberis, fābere |
fābitur | fābimur | fābiminī | fābuntur | |
perfect | fātus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | fātus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
future perfect | fātus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | fer | fēris, fēre |
fētur | fēmur | fēminī | fentur |
imperfect | fārer | fārēris, fārēre |
fārētur | fārēmur | fārēminī | fārentur | |
perfect | fātus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | fātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
imperative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | — | fāre | — | — | fāminī | — |
future | — | fātor | fātor | — | — | fantor | |
non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
infinitives | fārī, fārier1 |
fātum esse | fātūrum esse | — | — | — | |
participles | fāns | fātus | fātūrus | — | — | fandus | |
verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
fandī | fandō | fandum | fandō | fātum | fātū |
1The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editReferences
edit- for in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- for in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- for in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- Karl Gottlob Zumpt, 1846, A school-grammar of the Latin language, p146
Middle English
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Old English for, from Proto-Germanic *fura, *furi.
Preposition
editfor
Conjunction
editfor
Descendants
editReferences
edit- “for, prep.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- “for, conj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Middle Irish
editEtymology
editFrom Old Irish for,[1] from Proto-Celtic *uɸer, from Proto-Indo-European *upér.
Pronunciation
editPreposition
editfor (with accusative or dative)
- on, over
- c. 1000, “The Tale of Mac Da Thó's Pig”, in Ernst Windisch, editor, Irische Texte, volume 1, published 1800, section 1:
- Boí rí amra for Laignib, .i. Mac Dathó a ainm.
- There was a wonderful king over the Leinstermen; Mac Dathó was his name.
Descendants
editReferences
edit- ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 for”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Norwegian Bokmål
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editAdverb
editfor
- too
- for ung ― too young
- for langt ― too far
Synonyms
editEtymology 2
editConjunction
editfor
Synonyms
editEtymology 3
editNoun
editfor n (definite singular foret, indefinite plural for, definite plural fora or forene)
- alternative form of fôr
Derived terms
editEtymology 4
editPreposition
editfor
Derived terms
editEtymology 5
editVerb
editfor
References
edit- “for” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
editEtymology 1
editPronunciation
editConjunction
editfor
- for, because
- Eg joggar kvar dag, for eg vil ikkje bli feit.
- I jog every day, because I don't want to get fat.
Etymology 2
editFrom Old Norse fǫr, from Proto-Germanic *farō. Related to fara.
Alternative forms
edit- fòr
Pronunciation
editNoun
editfor f (definite singular fora, indefinite plural forer, definite plural forene)
Etymology 3
editFrom Old Norse for, probably derived from earlier Proto-Germanic *furhs.
Alternative forms
editNoun
editfor f (definite singular fora, indefinite plural forer, definite plural forene)
Derived terms
editSee also
edit- får (Norwegian Bokmål)
Etymology 4
editAlternative forms
edit- fór
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editfor (neuter fort, definite singular and plural fore, comparative forare, indefinite superlative forast, definite superlative foraste)
- fast
- gå fórare!
- Go faster!
Etymology 5
editFrom Old Norse fóðr, from Proto-Germanic *fōdrą (“fodder”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editfor n (definite singular foret, indefinite plural for, definite plural fora)
- alternative form of fôr (“fodder”)
Derived terms
editEtymology 6
editFrom Old Norse fóðr, borrowed from Middle Low German vōder (“sheath, linen”), from Proto-Germanic *fōdrą.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editfor n (definite singular foret, indefinite plural for, definite plural fora)
- alternative form of fôr (“lining”)
Etymology 7
editPronunciation
editPreposition
editfor
Adverb
editfor
- too
- Det er for langt å gå.
- It is too far to walk.
- in favour of
- Eg var for å bli med i FN.
- I was in favour of joining the UN.
Derived terms
editEtymology 8
editVerb
editfor
Etymology 9
editVerb
editfor
- imperative of fòra
- imperative of fôra
References
edit- “for” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old English
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-West Germanic *furi.
Alternative forms
editPronunciation
editPreposition
editfor
- because of (+ dative)
- for (duration of time)
- late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Sebastian, Martyr"
- Þa wurdon hi ealle þurh þæt wundor ablicgede and þæs þægnes gebedda ðe þa gebroþra heold wæs for six gearum for swiðlicre untrumnysse...
- Then they were all astonished at that miracle; and the wife of the officer, who had charge of the brothers, for six years, through a severe sickness...
- late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Sebastian, Martyr"
- for (for the sake of) (+ dative)
- c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Luke 9:24
- Sē þe his sāwle for mē forspilþ, hē hīe ġehǣlþ.
- Whoever destroys their soul for me will save it.
- c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Luke 9:24
- for (on behalf of, instead of) (+ accusative)
- c. 992, Ælfric, "The Nativity of St. Paul the Apostle"
- Petrus āna spræc for ealne þone hēap.
- Paul by himself spoke for the whole group.
- c. 992, Ælfric, "The Nativity of St. Paul the Apostle"
- ago (+ dative)
- Hē swealt for swelċe... twām þūsendum ġēara.
- He died like... two thousand years ago.
- c. 995, Ælfric, Extracts on Grammar in English
- Is nū for þȳ Godes þēowum and mynstermannum ġeorne tō wearnienne þæt sēo hālġe lār on ūrum dagum ne ācōliġe oþþe ātēoriġe swā swā hit wæs ġedōn on Angelcynne nū for ānum fēawum gēarum, swā þæt nān Englisċ prēost ne cūðe dihtan oþþe āsmēaġan ānne pistol on Lǣden, oþ þæt Dūnstān ærċebisċop and Æðelwold bisċop eft þā lāre on munuclīfum ārǣrdon.
- That's why God's servants and monks should be very careful not to let this sacred learning cool or fade in our time, the way it did in England a few years ago, when none of our priests could compose or interpret a letter in Latin, until archbishop Dunstan and bishop Æthelwold revived learning in monastic life.
- (Usually in the phrase for eall) for all, despite, in spite of (+ dative)
- Hēo swealt fefre, for eallum hire dǣdum.
- She died of a fever, despite all her deeds.
Descendants
editEtymology 2
editsee faran
Pronunciation
editVerb
editfōr
Etymology 3
editFrom Proto-Germanic *fōrō (“trip; wagon”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editfōr f (nominative plural fōra)
Declension
editStrong ō-stem:
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | fōr | fōra, fōre |
accusative | fōre | fōra, fōre |
genitive | fōre | fōra |
dative | fōre | fōrum |
Etymology 4
editVariant of fearh. From Proto-West Germanic *farh (“pig”). Cognate with Middle Low German vōr (“lean young pig”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editfōr m
Declension
editStrong a-stem:
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | fōr | fōras |
accusative | fōr | fōras |
genitive | fōres | fōra |
dative | fōre | fōrum |
Descendants
editOld Irish
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Celtic *sweseros, from *swīs (“you (pl.)”); compare Latin vester.
Alternative forms
editPronunciation
editDeterminer
editfor (triggers eclipsis)
For quotations using this term, see Citations:for.
Synonyms
editDescendants
editFurther reading
edit- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 for, far, bar, uar (‘your’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Etymology 2
editFrom Proto-Celtic *uɸer, from Proto-Indo-European *upér.
Alternative forms
editPronunciation
editPreposition
editfor (with accusative or dative)
For quotations using this term, see Citations:for.
Inflection
editPerson | Normal | Emphatic |
---|---|---|
1st person sing. | form | for(u)msa |
2d person sing. | fort | fortsu |
3d sing. masc./neut., dative | for | |
3d sing. masc./neut., accusative | foir, fair | foirsom, foirsem |
3d sing. fem., dative | fu(i)ri | |
3d sing. fem., accusative | forrae | |
1st person pl. | fornn, furnn | for(u)nni |
2d person pl. | fu(i)rib, fo(i)rib | fu(i)ribsi |
3d person pl., dative | for(a)ib | for(a)ibsom |
3d person pl., accusative | forru | forrusom |
Derived terms
editCombinations with definite articles:
- forsin(d) (masculine and feminine accusative singular, all genders dative singular)
- forsa (neuter accusative singular)
- for(s)na (accusative plural)
- for(s)naib (dative plural)
Combinations with possessive determiners:
Combinations with relative pronouns:
Descendants
editFurther reading
edit- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 for (‘on, over’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Old Norse
editEtymology
editProbably derived from Proto-Germanic *furhs.
Noun
editfor f
Descendants
editReferences
edit- "for", in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Old Saxon
editNoun
editfor
- Alternative form of fora
Portuguese
editEtymology 1
editInherited from Latin forem (imperfect active subjunctive).
Pronunciation
edit
Verb
editfor
- first/third-person singular future subjunctive of ir
- Quando ele for, avisa-me.
- When he goes, let me know.
- first/third-person singular future subjunctive of ser
- Enquanto ela for viva, merece todo o nosso respeito.
- As long as she is alive, she deserves all our respect.
Etymology 2
editUnadapted borrowing from English for.
Pronunciation
edit
Noun
editfor m (plural fors)
- (programming) for loop (a loop that uses a counter)
Romanian
editEtymology
editNoun
editfor n (plural foruri)
Declension
editSwedish
editVerb
editfor
- past indicative of fara
Walloon
editEtymology
editFrom Old French forn, from Latin furnus.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editfor m (plural fors)
West Makian
editPronunciation
editVerb
editfor
- (transitive) to hit repeatedly with a stick or other object
Conjugation
editConjugation of for (action verb) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||
inclusive | exclusive | |||
1st person | tofor | mofor | afor | |
2nd person | nofor | fofor | ||
3rd person | inanimate | ifor | dofor | |
animate | ||||
imperative | nofor, for | fofor, for |
References
edit- Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours[5], Pacific linguistics
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