[go: up one dir, main page]

Catalan

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Interjection

edit

ei

  1. hey (exclamation to get attention)

Further reading

edit

Classical Nahuatl

edit

Numeral

edit

ei

  1. Obsolete spelling of ēyi.

Dutch

edit

Etymology

edit

From Middle Dutch ei, from Old Dutch *ei, from Proto-West Germanic *aij, from Proto-Germanic *ajją, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm.

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

ei n (plural eieren, diminutive eitje n)

  1. egg
    Ik heb een ei gebakken voor het ontbijt.I fried an egg for breakfast.
    Pasen is een feest waarbij veel eieren worden geschilderd.Easter is a festival where many eggs are painted.
    In deze doos zitten twaalf eieren.In this box, there are twelve eggs.

Derived terms

edit

Descendants

edit
  • Afrikaans: eier
  • Berbice Creole Dutch: airi
  • Jersey Dutch: āi
  • Negerhollands: ee, eiu, eyu, eju

Anagrams

edit

Estonian

edit

Etymology

edit

From the Proto-Finno-Ugric negative verb stem *e- ~ *ä- ~ *a-. Cognates include Finnish ei and Northern Sami ii.

Interjection

edit

ei

  1. no

Antonyms

edit

Verb

edit

ei

  1. (auxiliary verb) don't, doesn't, not: used in negative forms of non-imperative verbs. Ma ei tea. I don't know. (Compare: Ma tean. I know.)

Usage notes

edit

The verb follows the word ei.

In the present tense indicative, the form of the verb coincides with the imperative of the second person singular. In past tenses indicative, the form of the verb is personal past participle. In the conditional mood, the form of the verb coincides with third person singular conditional in the present tense or the past tense. In the indirect mood, the form of the verb is the indirect form.

Derived terms

edit

Fala

edit

Etymology

edit

From Old Galician-Portuguese ei, from Inherited from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆.

Pronunciation

edit

Pronoun

edit

ei m sg or f sg

  1. First person singular nominative pronoun; I

See also

edit

References

edit
  • Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)[1], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

Faroese

edit

Etymology

edit

From Old Norse eigi.

Pronunciation

edit

Adverb

edit

ei

  1. not

Synonyms

edit

Derived terms

edit
  • ei og ikki - as well as, both ... and
  • grát ei - do not weep (song title by Eivør Pálsdóttir, 2007)

Finnish

edit

Etymology

edit

The indicative forms are from Proto-Finnic *e-, from Proto-Uralic *e- ~ *ä- ~ *a- (negative verb stem). The imperative forms are from Proto-Finnic *älä-, from the Proto-Finno-Ugric negative imperative verb stem *älä-.

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

ei (third-person singular indicative)

  1. (auxiliary) The negative verb or negation verb; not, be not, do not, etc. [with connegative]
    En ole käynyt siellä.I have not been there.
    Hän ei ole kotona.She isn't home.
    Etkö tiedä?Don't you know?
    Älä koske siihen!Don't touch that!

Usage notes

edit
  • With certain conjunctions, contractions may be used (e.g. miksi + eimiksei). In some cases, like ellei and jollei, the independent conjunction has fallen out of use, but the contractions still remain in use. For other cases, the contractions are optional, but commonly used. When the contraction is used, the negative verb may effectively shift ahead in the clause:
    En tiedä, miksi hän ei tullut. → En tiedä, miksei hän tullut.
    I don't know why he didn't come.

Conjugation

edit
  • The negation verb has no infinitive form.
  • Indicative, conditional and potential moods use the indicative forms (stem e-), for which the verb is conjugated only in person (the moods are distinguished by the connegative form used).
  • In the imperative mood the negation verb has the stem äl-. As with all verbs, the first-person plural imperative is formal or dated, while the third-person imperative (both singular and plural) is dated.
  • An archaic optative mood exists and is used mainly in poetry.
Inflection of ei
person indicative mood imperative mood optative mood
1st sing. en
2nd sing. et älä (ällös)
3rd sing. ei älköön (älköön)
1st plur. emme älkäämme (älköömme)
2nd plur. ette älkää (älköötte)
3rd plur. eivät älkööt (älkööt)

Derived terms

edit
edit

Interjection

edit

ei

  1. no (used to show disagreement, negation, denial, refusal, or prohibition)
    Onko hauki lintu? Ei, se on kala.
    Is a pike a bird? No, it is a fish.

Usage notes

edit

Usually inflected for person; see above.

Antonyms

edit

Further reading

edit

Galician

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Interjection

edit

ei

  1. gee up
    Synonym: arre
    Antonym: xo
  2. hey
    Synonyms: eh, oi

References

edit

German

edit

Etymology

edit

For the “caressing” sense compare Dutch aaien.

Pronunciation

edit

Interjection

edit

ei

  1. whoa, hey (expression of surprise)
    Synonyms: ach, oh, huch, hui, hey
  2. (childish, parentese, often reduplicated as ei ei) said when patting or caressing a person or animal

Derived terms

edit

Gothic

edit

Romanization

edit

ei

  1. Romanization of 𐌴𐌹

Icelandic

edit

Etymology 1

edit

From Old Norse ei. A clipping of eigi, from Proto-Germanic *ni aiw-gin (never), from *ne, *ni (not) + *aiw (always, for ever) + *-gin. Not related to Finnish ei (no).

Pronunciation

edit

Adverb

edit

ei

  1. (archaic, poetic) not
    Örvæntið ei!
    Despair not!
    Ég veit ei hvað skal segja.
    I know not what to say.
Synonyms
edit
Derived terms
edit

Etymology 2

edit

See e.

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

ei

  1. dative singular indefinite of e

References

edit

Ingrian

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Finnic *e-, from the Proto-Uralic *e-. Cognates include Finnish ei and Estonian ei.

Pronunciation

edit

Particle

edit

ei

  1. no

Antonyms

edit

Verb

edit

ei

  1. not
    • 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 63:
      Linnuil ono nälkä, evät rooka saa.
      The birds are hungry, they don't get food.

Usage notes

edit
  • ei is a defective verb: It is only inflected for person, and has a distinct imperative series.

Conjugation

edit
Inflection of ei
indicative imperative
1st singular en -
2nd singular et elä
3rd singular ei elköö
1st plural emmä -
2nd plural että elkää
3rd plural evät elkööt
impersonal ei elköö
*) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-kä?) or -kse to the indicative.

References

edit
  • V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka[3], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 128
  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 29
  • Arvo Laanest (1997) Isuri keele Hevaha murde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut, page 24
  • Olga I. Konkova, Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014) Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку[4], →ISBN, page 15

Italian

edit

Pronunciation

edit
  • IPA(key): /ˈej/
  • Rhymes: -ej
  • Hyphenation: éi

Etymology 1

edit

Syncopated form of elli (he), from Vulgar Latin *illi, from Latin ille (that).

Pronoun

edit

ei m

  1. (poetic, archaic, after the verb) Alternative form of egli

Etymology 2

edit

Syncopated form of elli (they), from Latin illī (those).

Pronoun

edit

ei m pl

  1. (archaic) Alternative form of elli

Japanese

edit

Romanization

edit

ei

  1. Rōmaji transcription of えい
  2. Rōmaji transcription of エイ

Karelian

edit

Verb

edit

ei

  1. (does) not

Kott

edit

Etymology 1

edit

From Proto-Yeniseian *ʔej- ("pine"). Compare Arin aja (pine).

Noun

edit

ei (plural en)

  1. pine tree

Etymology 2

edit

From Proto-Yeniseian *ʔej ("tongue"). Compare Pumpokol aj (tongue).

Noun

edit

ei (plural ējaŋ)

  1. voice, sound

Latin

edit

Pronunciation 1

edit

Interjection

edit

ei

  1. Alternative form of hei (expression of grief or fear)

Pronunciation 2

edit

Pronoun

edit

  1. inflection of is:
    1. dative masculine/feminine/neuter singular
    2. nominative masculine plural

Latvian

edit

Interjection

edit

ei

  1. used to stimulate somebody's attention
  2. used to express pleasure, surprise or admiration

Limburgish

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Etymology

edit

From Middle Dutch ei, from Old Dutch *ei, from Proto-West Germanic *aij, from Proto-Germanic *ajją, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm.

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

ei n

  1. egg

Livvi

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Finnic *ei. Cognates include Finnish ei and Estonian ei.

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

ei

  1. not

Conjugation

edit
Inflection of ei
indicative imperative
1st singular en -
2nd singular et älä
3rd singular ei älgäh
1st plural emmo älgiämmö
2nd plural etto älgiä
3rd plural ei äldähes

References

edit
  • N. Gilojeva, S. Rudakova (2009) Karjalan kielen Livvin murdehen algukursu [Beginners' course of Karelian language's Livvi dialect]‎[5] (in Livvi), Petrozavodsk, →ISBN, page 20
  • Tatjana Boiko (2019) “ei”, in Suuri Karjal-Venʹalaine Sanakniigu (livvin murreh) [The Big Karelian-Russian dictionary (Livvi dialect)], 2nd edition, →ISBN, page 38

Malasanga

edit

Noun

edit

ei

  1. fire

Further reading

edit
  • Malcolm Ross, Proto Oceanic and the Austronesian Languages of Western Melanesia, Pacific Linguistics, series C-98 (1988)

Mandarin

edit

Romanization

edit

ei

  1. Nonstandard spelling of ēi.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of ěi.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of èi.

Usage notes

edit
  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Mbyá Guaraní

edit

Noun

edit

ei

  1. honey

Middle Dutch

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Etymology

edit

From Old Dutch *ei, from Proto-West Germanic *aij, from Proto-Germanic *ajją, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm.

Noun

edit

ei n

  1. egg

Inflection

edit

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

edit

Further reading

edit
  • ei”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
  • Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “ei”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN

Middle English

edit

Noun

edit

ei

  1. Alternative form of ey (egg)

Middle High German

edit

Etymology

edit

Inherited from Old High German ei, from Proto-West Germanic *aij, from Proto-Germanic *ajją, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm.

Pronunciation

edit
  • IPA(key): (before 13th CE) /ˈɛi̯/

Noun

edit

ei n

  1. egg

Declension

edit

Descendants

edit
  • Alemannic German:
    • Swabian: Oi
  • Bavarian: Oa
    • Mòcheno: oi
  • Central Franconian: Ei, Ää, Aai
    • Luxembourgish: Ee
  • German: Ei
  • Vilamovian: e
  • Yiddish: איי (ey)

References

edit
  • Benecke, Georg Friedrich, Müller, Wilhelm, Zarncke, Friedrich (1863) “ei”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel

Murui Huitoto

edit
ei
Root Classifier
ei-

Etymology

edit

Cognate with Minica Huitoto ei.

Pronunciation

edit
  • IPA(key): [ˈɛi̯]
  • Hyphenation: ei

Root

edit

ei

  1. mother

Noun

edit

ei

  1. Synonym of eiño
    • 2008 [1978], Huitoto Murui Bible, 2nd edition, Mateo 1:3, page 5:
      Iaɨmaiaɨ mɨcorɨ eidɨ Tamar mɨcorɨ.
      The mother of the late two of them was the late Tamara.
  2. vocative of eiño

Declension

edit

Derived terms

edit

References

edit
  • Shirley Burtch (1983) Diccionario Huitoto Murui (Tomo I) (Linguistica Peruana No. 20)‎[6] (in Spanish), Yarinacocha, Peru: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, page 75
  • Katarzyna Izabela Wojtylak (2017) A grammar of Murui (Bue): a Witotoan language of Northwest Amazonia.[7], Townsville: James Cook University press (PhD thesis), page 125

North Frisian

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Etymology

edit

From Old Norse eigi.

Adverb

edit

ei

  1. (Föhr-Amrum) not

Norwegian Bokmål

edit

Etymology

edit

From Old Norse einn.

Pronunciation

edit

Article

edit

ei

  1. feminine singular of en

Pronoun

edit

ei

  1. feminine singular of en

Adverb

edit

ei

  1. (archaic) not

Synonyms

edit

Verb

edit

ei

  1. imperative of eie

Norwegian Nynorsk

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Etymology 1

edit

From Old Norse einn.

Article

edit

ei f (masculine ein, neuter eit)

  1. a, an (indefinite article)
    Ei ny bok.
    A new book.

Pronoun

edit

ei

  1. feminine singular of ein

Etymology 2

edit

From Middle Norwegian eigh, from Old Norse eigi.

Adverb

edit

ei

  1. not
    Synonyms: ikkje, kje

References

edit
  • “ei” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
  • “ei”, in Norsk Ordbok: ordbok over det norske folkemålet og det nynorske skriftmålet, Oslo: Samlaget, 1950-2016

Old Galician-Portuguese

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Etymology

edit

Uncertain.

Pronunciation

edit

Adverb

edit

ei

  1. here is, here are

Descendants

edit

Old High German

edit

Etymology

edit

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *aij, from Proto-Germanic *ajją, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm. Akin to Old English ǣġ, Old Norse egg.

Further Indo-European cognates include Latin ōvum and Ancient Greek ᾠόν (ōión)

Noun

edit

ei n

  1. (zoology) an egg

Descendants

edit
  • Middle High German: ei
    • Alemannic German:
      • Swabian: Oi
    • Bavarian: Oa
      • Mòcheno: oi
    • Central Franconian: Ei, Ää, Aai
      • Hunsrik: Eu
      • Luxembourgish: Ee
    • German: Ei
    • Vilamovian: e
    • Yiddish: איי (ey)

Old Saxon

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-West Germanic *aij, from Proto-Germanic *ajją, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm.

Noun

edit

ei n

  1. egg

Declension

edit


Descendants

edit
  • Middle Low German: ei, egg, eig
    • Low German:
      • German Low German: Ei
        Westphalian:
        Lippisch: Egg
        Märkisch: Ägg
        Ravensbergisch: Åich
        Sauerländisch: Ai
        Westmünsterländisch: Äi
      • Plautdietsch: Ei

Papiamentu

edit

Etymology

edit

From Portuguese eis.

Pronoun

edit

ei

  1. there

Portuguese

edit

Pronunciation

edit
 

Etymology 1

edit

Adverb

edit

ei (not comparable)

  1. Apocopic form of eis; used preceding the pronouns lo, la, los or las

Etymology 2

edit

Interjection

edit

ei

  1. hey (exclamation to get attention)

Romanian

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Etymology 1

edit

Inherited from Latin illī, nominative masculine plural of ille.

Pronoun

edit

ei m pl (third-person plural, feminine equivalent ele)

  1. (nominative form) they (used for an all-male or mixed-sex group)
    Synonym: (polite form) dumnealor
Declension
edit
Nominative
ei
Accusative
stressed unstressed
ei îi
Genitive
one form for all numbers and genders
lor
Dative
stressed unstressed
lor le
Reflexive
Accusative Dative
stressed unstressed stressed unstressed
sine se sieși își

Pronoun

edit

ei m (stressed accusative form of ei)

  1. (direct object, preceded by preposition, such as "pe", "cu", "la", or "pentru") them (all-male or mixed-sex group)
edit
  • el (third-person masculine singular)
  • ea (third-person feminine singular)
  • ele (third-person feminine plural)

See also

edit

Etymology 2

edit

Inherited from Latin illaei.

Pronoun

edit

ei f (genitive form of ea, masculine equivalent lui, plural lor)

  1. her
    Synonym: său
    Ai cartea ei?
    Do you have her book?
Declension
edit

Pronoun

edit

ei f (stressed dative form of ea, masculine equivalent lui, plural lor)

  1. to her
    Synonym: (unstressed form) îi

Sabu

edit
 
ei

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *waiʀ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wahiʀ.

Noun

edit

ei

  1. water (clear liquid H₂O)

References

edit
  • ABVD
  • Comparative Austronesian Dictionary

Sardinian

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Adverb

edit

ei

  1. yes

References

edit

Scots

edit

Noun

edit

ei (plural een)

  1. (Southern Scots) an eye.

Pronoun

edit

ei

  1. (Southern Scots, personal) he (alternative form of hei)

Tedim Chin

edit

Pronoun

edit

ei

  1. we

References

edit
  • Zomi Ordbog based on the work of D.L. Haokip

Tlingit

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Letter

edit

ei (upper case Ei)

  1. (US) A letter of the Tlingit alphabet, written in the Latin script.
    Synonym: è

See also

edit

Veps

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Finnic *e-. Cognates include Finnish ei.

Verb

edit

ei

  1. not; expresses negation.

Inflection

edit
Inflection of ei
indicative imperative
1st singular en
2nd singular ed ala
3rd singular ei algha
1st plural em algam
2nd plural et algat
3rd plural ei algha

References

edit
  • Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “не, ни”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎[8], Petrozavodsk: Periodika

Votic

edit

Etymology

edit

Compare Russian эй (ej), Finnish hei, Ingrian hei.

Pronunciation

edit

Interjection

edit

ei

  1. hey

References

edit
  • Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “ei”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn

Welsh

edit

Etymology 1

edit

From Middle Welsh y, from Proto-Brythonic *eið, from Proto-Celtic *esyo m and *esyās f; compare Old Irish a (his, her, its, their) and Sanskrit अस्य (asyá, his, its) and अस्यास् (asyā́s, her).

Alternative forms

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Determiner

edit

ei

  1. his, its (with reference to a masculine noun; triggers soft mutation of following consonant)
    Gwelir y thema dro ar ôl tro yn ei gerddi a’i emynau.
    The theme is seen repeatedly in his poems and his hymns.
  2. her, its (with reference to a feminine noun; triggers aspirate mutation of following consonant and h-prothesis of a following vowel)
    Gwelir y thema dro ar ôl tro yn ei cherddi a’i hemynau.
    The theme is seen repeatedly in her poems and her hymns.

Pronoun

edit

ei

  1. him, it (with reference to masculine nouns; as object of a verbal noun; triggers soft mutation of following consonant)
    • 18th century, Wil Hopcyn, “Bugeilio’r gwenith gwyn”:
      Myfi’n bugeilio’r gwenith gwyn,
      Ac arall yn ei fedi.
      Me watching the white wheat,
      And another reaping it.
  2. her, it (with reference to masculine nouns; as object of a verbal noun; triggers aspirate mutation of following consonant and h-prothesis of a following vowel)
    • Traditional, “Milgi, milgi”:
      Ar ben y bryn mae sgwarnog fach, ar hyd y nos mae'n pori
      A’i chefen brith a’i bola bola gwyn yn hidio dim am filgi.
      On top of the hill there's a little hare, all night long she grazes
      With her speckled back and her white white belly without taking any heed of any greyhound.
Usage notes
edit
  • In formal Welsh, masculine ef or feminine hi is added after the noun or verbnoun which ei precedes to indicates emphasis on the determiner or pronoun. In colloquial Welsh, the masculine takes e or o (southern and northern forms respectively) after a consonant and fe or fo (southern and northern) after a vowel, whereas the feminine takes hi, but is not necessarily an indicator of emphasis. Here, it is often included with the determiner and always included with the pronoun. The exception to the latter case is in passive constructions employing cael, where no addition is found.
  • In formal Welsh, the contraction 'i is a valid form of ei found after mostly functional vowel-final words. In colloquial Welsh, ei is often contracted to 'i after almost any vowel-final word. The exception is both forms of the language is after the preposition i (to, for), after which ei contracts to 'w. (Contraction to 'w after wedi is sometimes encountered but considered non-standard.)
  • Pronomial ei and 'i can occur before any verbal noun. Before a verb, pronomial 'i is found only in formal language after certain vowel-final preverbal particles. See entry for 'i for more information.
  • The colloquial pronunciation /iː/, /ɪ/ is the original pronunciation, as shown by the Middle Welsh form y. The more careful pronunciation /ei̯/ is a later spelling pronunciation.

Etymology 2

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

ei

  1. second-person singular future of mynd (also present tense in the literary language)

Further reading

edit
  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ei”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Ye'kwana

edit
Variant orthographies
ALIV ei
Brazilian standard ei
New Tribes ei

Pronunciation

edit

Etymology 1

edit

Verb

edit

ei

  1. (intransitive, agentive) to be
Usage notes
edit

Many forms of this verb are irregular. Some are based on a root ei ~ e', some on a ~ aa, some on a'ja, and some on ööne ~ wene:

  • ei ~ e' is used with most tense/aspect/mood markers and all adverbial and nominal derivatives of the verb.
  • a ~ aa is used for the nonpast form, question forms, and two third-person forms na'ñojo and naichü.
  • a'ja is used for past imperfectives.
  • ööne ~ wene is used for the permanent aspect; this is the only verb in the language that has such an aspect.

The verb also takes an irregular suffix -ya in place of the ordinary recent/distant past perfective suffix -i. Similarly, the plural form of the same suffix is -yato rather than -icho.

This verb can be used as an auxiliary to form various constructions, making it possible to express tense/aspect/mood for constructions made with non-finite verb forms by putting the relevant markers on the copula instead.

Etymology 2

edit

Verb

edit

ei

  1. (transitive) to seek, to look for

References

edit
  • Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “a'ja, ei, ka, ma, na, öönene, wa, weneene”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana[9], Lyon, pages 215–216, 238–239
  • Hall, Katherine (2007) “wenēne”, in Mary Ritchie Key & Bernard Comrie, editors, The Intercontinental Dictionary Series[10], Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, published 2021
  • Hall, Katherine (2007) “wenɲə”, in Mary Ritchie Key & Bernard Comrie, editors, The Intercontinental Dictionary Series[11], Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, published 2021

Pronunciation

edit

Pronoun

edit

ei

  1. we (exclusive)

Synonyms

edit

References

edit
  • Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 40