bjn

Egyptian

Pronunciation

(adjective): (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈbaːjin/ → /ˈbaːjin/ → /ˈbaːʔən/ → /ˈβoːʔən/

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /bin/
- Conventional anglicization: bin

Verb

3-lit.

(intransitive, of people) to acquire or have bad qualities [since the end of the Old Kingdom]
1. (intransitive) to be(come) bad or evil (+ ḥnꜥ: toward (someone))
2. (intransitive) to be(come) useless or good for nothing
3. (intransitive) to be(come) in a miserable or wretched state
(intransitive, of animals and things) to be(come) harmful
(intransitive, of periods of time) to be(come) unpropitious or calamitous
(intransitive, of milk) to sour, to go bad

Inflection

Conjugation of bjn (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: bjn, geminated stem: bjnn

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
bjn	bjnw, bjn	bjnt	bjn	bjn

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
bjn	ḥr bjn	m bjn	r bjn

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
aspect / mood	active	aspect / mood	active
perfect	bjn.n	consecutive	bjn.jn
terminative	bjnt	consecutive	bjn.jn
perfective³	bjn	obligative¹	bjn.ḫr
imperfective	bjn	obligative¹	bjn.ḫr
prospective³	bjn	potentialis¹	bjn.kꜣ
subjunctive	bjn	potentialis¹	bjn.kꜣ

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
aspect / mood	active	active	passive
perfect	bjn.n	—	—
perfective	bjn	bjn	bjn, bjnw⁵, bjny⁵
imperfective	bjn, bjny, bjnw⁵	bjn, bjnj⁶, bjny⁶	bjn, bjnw⁵
prospective	bjn, bjntj⁷	bjntj⁴, bjnt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of bjn

bjn

[New Kingdom]

Adjective

perfective active participle of bjn: bad, evil

Inflection

Declension of bjn (perfective active participle)

	masculine	feminine
singular	bjn	bjnt
dual	bjnwj	bjntj
plural	bjnw	bjnwt¹, bjnt²
Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun. From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural. In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.

Along with nfr and ꜥꜣ, bjn is one of the few Egyptian adjectives that continued to show remnants of gender and number inflection into Late Egyptian (and beyond).^[2]

Descendants

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲃⲟⲩⲟⲩⲛⲉ (bououne)
Bohairic Coptic: ⲃⲱⲛ (bōn)
Fayyumic Coptic: ⲃⲱⲱⲛ (bōōn)
Old Coptic: ⲃⲱⲛ (bōn)
Sahidic Coptic: ⲃⲱⲱⲛ (bōōn), ⲃⲱⲱⲛⲉ (bōōne)

References

Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 442.15–443.17
Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 81

^ Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 33
^ Junge, Friedrich (2005) Late Egyptian Grammar: An Introduction, second English edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, page 66

[1] Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 33

[2] Junge, Friedrich (2005) Late Egyptian Grammar: An Introduction, second English edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, page 66

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