Tibet
English
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editOf unclear origin, but probably from Old Turkic 𐱅𐰇𐰯𐰇𐱅 (Töpüt) ('hilly, mountainous place') via Classical Persian تبت (tabbat, tubbat). In one proposed etymology the ultimate origin is Tibetan བོད (Bod), used in the compound name sTod-bod (pronounced Tö-pöt), meaning “Upper Tibet”.[1] In another proposal, the name comes via Mongolian Töpüt from an alteration of Old Turkic 𐱅𐰇𐰯𐰇 (töpü, “height, summit”).[2] Bialek instead derives the name from Old Tibetan དཔོན (dpon, “leader, ruler”), with addition of the Old Turkic plural suffix -𐱅 (-t²) and a epenthetic vowel to break up the non-Turkic initial consonant cluster [tp]; according to her, Middle Chinese 吐蕃 (tʰuoX pʉɐn) comes from the same source.[3]
Pronunciation
editProper noun
editTibet
- The Tibetan Plateau, a plateau region in Central Asia, where the Tibetan people traditionally live, encompassing what is now Tibet Autonomous Region (also called Xizang), most of Qinghai, the western half of Sichuan, a small part of Yunnan and a small part of Gansu in the People's Republic of China, and also the country of Bhutan, and the Indian regions of Sikkim and Ladakh.
- Synonyms: Tibetan Plateau, Tibet Plateau
- [1693, Robert Morden, “Of China”, in Geography Rectified; or a Description of the World[3], 3rd edition, page 439:
- The Province of Xenſi extends to the Kingdom of Preſter John. Caſcar and Thebet, which the Chineſes in a general Name call Sifan it is a large Province, and is divided into eight Counties, having one hundred and eighty Cities: Sigan is the Metropolis of the whole, ſeated on the River Guei, in a moſt pleaſant and delightful place, of a noble Proſpect, and good Trade.]
- 1959 February 4, Peter Roberts, 0:00 from the start, in Formosa Rallies In Support Of Tibet Rebels (1959)[4], British Pathé:
- A giant rally on Formosa reflects the worldwide concern for Tibet's heroic rebels. Speaking to sixty-thousand people in Taipei, President Chiang Kai-shek says Tibet's resistance foreshadows a vast anti-communist uprising on the mainland of China.
- For more quotations using this term, see Citations:Tibet.
- (historical) A country in East Asia that existed from 1912 until its annexation by China in 1951.
- Synonyms: The Hermit Kingdom, Hermit Kingdom
- 1922, Bertrand Russell, The Problem of China[5], London: George Allen & Unwin, →OCLC, →OL, page 33:
- The estimated population of the Chinese Empire (exclusive of Tibet) is given, on the basis of this census, as 329,542,000, while the population of Tibet is estimated at 1,500,000.
- 1992, Richard Nixon, “The Pacific Triangle”, in Seize the Moment[6], Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 179–180:
- Third, we should open up two new international broadcasting stations—Radio Free China and Radio Free Tibet— to provide these nations with independent information and commentary.[...]The people of Tibet represent a separate case. Conquered by the Chinese in 1950, occupied brutally by troops who killed thousands, desecrated local cultural and religious sites, and denied reasonable demands for autonomy, Tibetans have elicited much sympathy but little support from the outside world. The outrage over the brutal killings of peaceful demonstrators in Lhasa in March 1989 quickly faded after the massacres in Beijing in June. While there is a limit to what we can do, we should do more than we have done. In addition to raising the issue of Tibet in bilateral talks, we should establish Radio Free Tibet so that its people, though isolated, will no longer feel abandoned.
- 2005, Bill Clinton, My Life[7], volume II, New York: Vintage Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 387:
- I also supported more political freedom in China, and had recently invited the Dalai Lama and Hong Kong human rights activist Martin Lee to the White House to highlight my support for the cultural and religious integrity of Tibet and for maintaining Hong Kong's democracy now that the UK had restored it to China.
- For more quotations using this term, see Citations:Tibet.
- An autonomous region of China. Official name: Tibet Autonomous Region. Capital: Lhasa.
- Synonyms: Tibet Autonomous Region, Xizang
Usage notes
edit- In Tibetan, བོད (bod, “Bod”) properly refers to the entire plateau region that is translated to English as Tibet or Tibetan Plateau, of which Tibet Autonomous Region (西藏自治區/西藏自治区 (Xīzàng Zìzhìqū)) only forms one part.
- In international media, Tibet is often used as the shorthand name for Tibet Autonomous Region.
- In modern Chinese of the People's Republic of China, 西藏 (Xīzàng) refers to Tibet Autonomous Region (including Arunachal Pradesh administered by India), but is named after Tibetan དབུས་གཙང (dbus gtsang, “Ü-Tsang”), one of the traditional provinces of Tibet that includes the capital Lhasa.
- Today in the complex politics surrounding Tibet, the use of Tibet for the entire plateau can be offensive to Chinese people particularly in the People's Republic of China, while the use of Tibet exclusively for Tibet Autonomous Region can be offensive to Tibetan people. Additionally, when the term Tibetan Plateau is used consistently instead of Tibet to refer to བོད (bod), it can also be considered insensitive to Tibetan people.
Derived terms
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See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Hastings, James (1922) Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics[1], page 331.
- ^ Bazin, Louis, Hamilton, James (1991) “L’origine du nom Tibet”, in Ernst Steinkellner, editor, Tibetan History and Language: Studies dedicated to Uray Géza on his seventieth birthday, pages 9–28.
- ^ Joanna Bialek (2021 October) “Naming the empire: from Bod to Tibet—A philologico-historical study on the origin of the polity”, in Revue d’Etudes Tibétaines[2], volume 61, Centre de recherche sur les civilisations d'Asie orientale, pages 339-402
Further reading
edit- Tibet on Wikiquote.Wikiquote
- “Tibet”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
- “Tibet”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
- “Tibet” in TheFreeDictionary.com, Huntingdon Valley, Pa.: Farlex, Inc., 2003–2024.
Breton
editProper noun
editTibet
- Tibet (a plateau region of China)
- Tibet (an autonomous region of China)
Catalan
editPronunciation
editProper noun
editTibet m
- Tibet (a plateau region of China)
- Tibet (an autonomous region of China)
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editCzech
editProper noun
editTibet m inan (related adjective tibetský, demonym Tibeťan, female demonym Tibeťanka)
- Tibet (a plateau region of China)
- Tibet (an autonomous region of China)
Declension
editDutch
editPronunciation
editAudio: (file)
Proper noun
editTibet n
- Tibet (a plateau region of China)
- Tibet (an autonomous region of China)
French
editPronunciation
editProper noun
editTibet m
- Tibet (a plateau region of China)
- Tibet (an autonomous region of China)
Derived terms
editAnagrams
editGerman
editAlternative forms
editPronunciation
editNoun
editTibet n (proper noun, genitive Tibets or (optionally with an article) Tibet)
- Tibet (a plateau region of China)
- Tibet (an autonomous region of China)
Related terms
editFurther reading
edit- “Tibet” in Duden online
Anagrams
editInterlingua
editProper noun
editTibet
- Tibet (a plateau region of China)
- Tibet (an autonomous region of China)
Norwegian Bokmål
editProper noun
editTibet
- Tibet (a plateau region of China)
- Tibet (an autonomous region of China)
Related terms
editNorwegian Nynorsk
editProper noun
editTibet
- Tibet (a plateau region of China)
- Tibet (an autonomous region of China)
Related terms
editRomanian
editProper noun
editTibet n
- Tibet (a plateau region of China)
- Tibet (an autonomous region of China)
Serbo-Croatian
editPronunciation
editProper noun
editTìbet m (Cyrillic spelling Тѝбет)
- Tibet (a plateau region of China)
- Tibet (an autonomous region of China)
Declension
editTurkish
editProper noun
editTibet
- Tibet (a plateau region of China)
- Tibet (an autonomous region of China)
Declension
editWelsh
editPronunciation
editProper noun
editTibet f
- Tibet (a plateau region of China)
- Tibet (an autonomous region of China)
Derived terms
editMutation
edit- English terms derived from Old Turkic
- English terms derived from Classical Persian
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:English/et
- Rhymes:English/et/2 syllables
- English lemmas
- English proper nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English terms with quotations
- English terms with historical senses
- en:Countries in East Asia
- en:Countries
- en:Places in China
- en:Tibet
- en:Autonomous regions of China
- Breton lemmas
- Breton proper nouns
- br:Regions of China
- br:Places in China
- br:Tibet
- br:Autonomous regions of China
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan proper nouns
- Catalan masculine nouns
- ca:Regions of China
- ca:Places in China
- ca:Tibet
- ca:Autonomous regions of China
- Czech lemmas
- Czech proper nouns
- Czech masculine nouns
- Czech inanimate nouns
- cs:Regions of China
- cs:Places in China
- cs:Tibet
- cs:Autonomous regions of China
- Czech uncountable nouns
- Czech masculine inanimate nouns
- Czech hard masculine inanimate nouns
- Dutch terms with audio pronunciation
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch proper nouns
- Dutch neuter nouns
- nl:Regions of China
- nl:Places in China
- nl:Tibet
- nl:Autonomous regions of China
- French 2-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio pronunciation
- French lemmas
- French proper nouns
- French masculine nouns
- fr:Regions of China
- fr:Places in China
- fr:Tibet
- fr:Autonomous regions of China
- German 2-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- German lemmas
- German proper nouns
- German neuter nouns
- de:Regions of China
- de:Places in China
- de:Tibet
- de:Autonomous regions of China
- Interlingua lemmas
- Interlingua proper nouns
- ia:Regions of China
- ia:Places in China
- ia:Tibet
- ia:Autonomous regions of China
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål proper nouns
- nb:Regions of China
- nb:Places in China
- nb:Tibet
- nb:Autonomous regions of China
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk proper nouns
- nn:Regions of China
- nn:Places in China
- nn:Tibet
- nn:Autonomous regions of China
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian proper nouns
- Romanian neuter nouns
- ro:Regions of China
- ro:Places in China
- ro:Tibet
- ro:Autonomous regions of China
- Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian proper nouns
- Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns
- sh:Regions of China
- sh:Places in China
- sh:Tibet
- sh:Autonomous regions of China
- Turkish lemmas
- Turkish proper nouns
- tr:Regions of China
- tr:Places in China
- tr:Tibet
- tr:Autonomous regions of China
- Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation
- Welsh lemmas
- Welsh proper nouns
- Welsh feminine nouns
- cy:Regions of China
- cy:Places in China
- cy:Tibet
- cy:Autonomous regions of China