Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵénus

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

*ǵḗnus, *ǵḗnus ~ *ǵénw-^[1]

Noun

*ǵénus f^[2]^[3]

Inflection

Athematic, amphikinetic
	singular
nominative	*ǵénus
genitive	*ǵn̥wés
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ǵénus	*ǵénuh₁(e)	*ǵénewes
vocative	*ǵénu	*ǵénuh₁(e)	*ǵénewes
accusative	*ǵénum	*ǵénuh₁(e)	*ǵénums
genitive	*ǵn̥wés	*?	*ǵn̥wóHom
ablative	*ǵn̥wés	*?	ǵnumós, ǵnubʰós
dative	*ǵn̥wéy	*?	ǵnumós, ǵnubʰós
locative	ǵnéw, ǵnéwi	*?	*ǵnusú
instrumental	*ǵn̥wéh₁	*?	ǵnumís, ǵnubʰís

Related terms

*ǵónh₂dʰ(h₁)os ~ *ǵn̥h₂dʰ(h₁)-?
- ⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Latvian: zods
  - Lithuanian: žándas
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - >? Ancient Greek: γνάθος (gnáthos) (see there for further descendants)

Descendants

⇒ Proto-Armenian:
- Old Armenian: *ծին-աւտ (*cin-awt)
  - Old Armenian: ծնօտ (cnōt), ծնաւտ (cnawt), ծնոտ (cnot)
    - Armenian: ծնոտ (cnot)
⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Old Prussian: żauna
Proto-Celtic: *genus (see there for further descendants)
⇒ Proto-Germanic: *kinnuz (with geminate *nn of uncertain origin; perhaps < *ǵenw-ú-s?) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Hellenic: *génus
- Ancient Greek: γένυς (génus)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰánuš (with unexplained aspiration of *ĵ) (see there for further descendants)
⇒ Proto-Italic: *genā f
- Latin: gena (“cheek(bone)”) (see there for further descendants)
⇒ Phrygian: ἀζήν (azḗn, “beard”)
Proto-Tocharian: *ćänu
- Tocharian A: śanwem du (“jaws”)

References

^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[1] Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

[2] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[3] Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

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[2]

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