-ок

See also: ок, ок., and Appendix:Variations of "ok"

Russian

Alternative forms

-ёк (-jók) — after certain letters, especially paired soft consonants
-ек (-ek) — after certain letters

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ.

Pronunciation

-о́к: IPA^(key): [ˈok]
-ок: IPA^(key): [ək]

Suffix

-о́к or -ок • (-ók or -ok)

(highly productive) takes masculine nouns, produces diminutive masculine nouns, sometimes with further sense development^[1]
‎дуб (dub, “oak”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎дубо́к (dubók, “oakling, little oak”)

‎шум (šum, “noise”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎шумо́к (šumók, “noise”)

‎чай (čaj, “tea”) + ‎-ёк (-jók) → ‎чаёк (čajók, “tea”) (colloquial, endearing)

‎руче́й (ručéj, “brook”) + ‎-ёк (-jók) → ‎ручеёк (ručejók, “little brook”)

‎у́голь (úgolʹ, “coal”) + ‎-ёк (-jók) → ‎уголёк (ugoljók, “ember”)

‎у́гол (úgol, “corner”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎уголо́к (ugolók, “corner”)

‎пень (penʹ, “stump”) + ‎-ёк (-jók) → ‎пенёк (penjók, “small stump”)

‎зверь (zverʹ, “beast”) + ‎-ёк (-jók) → ‎зверёк (zverjók, “little beast”)

‎кре́ндель (kréndelʹ, “pretzel”) + ‎-ёк (-jók) → ‎кренделёк (krendeljók, “pretzel”)

‎кре́ндель (kréndelʹ, “guy”) (slang, pejorative) + ‎-ёк (-jók) → ‎кренделёк (krendeljók, “guy, dude, bloke”) (slang, pejorative)

‎тип (tip, “man, guy”) (colloquial, sometimes pejorative) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎типо́к (tipók, “man, guy”) (colloquial, likely pejorative)

‎глаз (glaz, “eye”) + ‎-ок (-ok) → ‎глазо́к (glazók, “peephole”)

‎язы́к (jazýk, “tongue”) + ‎-ок (-ok) → ‎язычо́к (jazyčók, “small tongue; uvula; reed (musical)”)

‎кула́к (kulák, “cam”) + ‎-ок (-ok) → ‎кулачо́к (kulačók, “small cam; lobe”)
(highly productive, takes given name, produces given name, diminutive) paired with -ик (-ik), -ук (-uk), -юк (-juk)^[2]
‎И́горь (Ígorʹ, “Igor”) + ‎-ёк (-jók) → ‎Игорёк (Igorjók, “little Igor”)

‎Са́ша (Sáša, “Sasha”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎Сашо́к (Sašók, “little Sasha”)

‎Васили́са (Vasilísa, “Vasilisa”) + ‎-ёк (-jók) → ‎Василёк (Vasiljók, “little Vasilisa”)
(productive, colloquial, unstressed, takes verbs, produces nouns) an object that remains after process is done^[3]
‎обре́зать (obrézatʹ, “to clip, to trim”) + ‎-ок (-ok) → ‎обре́зок (obrézok, “clipping”)

‎объед- (obʺjed-, “to eat away”) + ‎-ок (-ok) → ‎объе́док (obʺjédok, “scrap”)

‎о- (o-) + ‎кури́ть (kurítʹ, “to smoke”) + ‎-ок (-ok) → ‎оку́рок (okúrok, “butt”)

‎наброса́ть (nabrosátʹ, “to sketch”) + ‎-ок (-ok) → ‎набро́сок (nabrósok, “sketch”)

‎отпеча́тать (otpečátatʹ, “to imprint”) + ‎-ок (-ok) → ‎отпеча́ток (otpečátok, “mark, fingerprint”)

‎слепи́ть (slepítʹ, “to model, to sculpt”) + ‎-ок (-ok) → ‎сле́пок (slépok, “mold”)
(animate, takes verbs, produces nouns) agent^[4]
‎е́здить (jézditʹ, “to ride”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎ездо́к (jezdók, “rider”)

‎стреля́ть (streljátʹ, “to shoot”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎стрело́к (strelók, “shooter”)

‎знать (znatʹ, “to know”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎знато́к (znatók, “cognoscente”)
(takes verbs, produces nouns) a tool or means of an action^[5]
‎скреб- (skreb-) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎скребо́к (skrebók, “scraper”)

‎мани́ть (manítʹ, “to lure”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎мано́к (manók, “bait”)

‎пома́зать (pomázatʹ, “to oil, to lubricate”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎помазо́к (pomazók, “shaving brush”)
(inanimate, takes verbs, produces nouns) subject of an action^[6]
‎расти́ (rastí, “to grow”) (past tense рос (ros), compare рост (rost, “growth”)) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎росто́к (rostók, “sprout, shoot”)

‎гуде́ть (gudétʹ, “to hoot, to honk”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎гудо́к (gudók, “hooter, car honk”)

‎по- (po-) + ‎пла́вать (plávatʹ, “to swim, to float”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎поплаво́к (poplavók, “float”)
(takes verbs, produces nouns) place of an action^[7]
‎ката́ться (katátʹsja, “to ski, to skate”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎като́к (katók, “ice skating rink”)
(productive, colloquial, stressed, takes verbs, produces nouns) one occurrence of an action; separate act^[8]
‎глота́ть (glotátʹ, “to swallow”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎глото́к (glotók, “swallow, gulp”)

‎кива́ть (kivátʹ, “to nod, to beckon”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎киво́к (kivók, “nod”)

‎зевать (zevatʹ, “to yawn, to gape”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎зево́к (zevók, “yawn, gape”)

‎пина́ть (pinátʹ, “to kick”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎пино́к (pinók, “kick”)

‎ма́зать (mázatʹ, “to daub, to paint, to oil”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎мазо́к (mazók, “dab, stroke”)

‎бро́сить (brósitʹ, “to throw”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎бросо́к (brosók, “throw”)

‎скака́ть (skakátʹ, “to jump”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎скачо́к (skačók, “jump, leap”)

‎толка́ть (tolkátʹ, “to push”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎толчо́к (tolčók, “push”)

‎хло́пать (xlópatʹ, “to clap, to slap”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎хлопо́к (xlopók, “clap, slap”)

‎шлёпать (šljópatʹ, “to slap, to smack”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎шлепо́к (šlepók, “slap, smack”)

‎звони́ть (zvonítʹ, “to ring”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎звоно́к (zvonók, “bell”)

‎греб- (greb-, “to row”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎гребо́к (grebók, “stroke (of an oar)”)

‎пры́гать (prýgatʹ, “to jump”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎прыжо́к (pryžók, “jump”)

‎кувыр(ка́ться) (kuvyr(kátʹsja), “to somersault”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎кувыро́к (kuvyrók, “roll, somersault”)

‎плева́ть (plevátʹ, “to spit”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎плево́к (plevók, “spit”)
(takes adjective, produces nouns)^[9]
‎жёлтый (žóltyj, “yellow”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎желто́к (želtók, “yolk”)

‎бе́лый (bélyj, “white”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎бело́к (belók, “egg white; white (of the eye)”)

‎бе́лый (bélyj, “white”) + ‎-ёк (-jók) → ‎белёк (beljók, “young seal”)

‎ма́лый (mályj, “small”) + ‎-ёк (-jók) → ‎малёк (maljók, “whitebait”)

‎ди́кий (díkij, “wild”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎дичо́к (dičók, “wilding”) (botany)

‎ми́лый (mílyj, “dear”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎мило́к (milók, “dear, good man”) (in direct address)

‎ва́леный (válenyj, “woolen”) + ‎-ок (-ok) → ‎ва́ленок (válenok, “felt boot”)

‎ка́таный (kátanyj, “rolled”) + ‎-ок (-ok) → ‎ка́танок (kátanok, “felt boot”) (colloquial)
(with недо-, productive, colloquial, takes nouns, produces nouns) undeveloped or transitional object^[10]
недоу́мок ― nedoúmok ― half-wit, featherbrain

недопёсок ― nedopjósok ― young polar fox

недолеток ― nedoletok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

недолисок ― nedolisok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
(takes nouns, produces nouns) paired with -иц (-ic), -ица (-ica), -ак (-ak), -ака (-aka), -як (-jak), -яка (-jaka); a piece of, one of them ^[11]
крупи́ца ― krupíca ― grain

мелок ― melok ― chalk

железя́ка ― železjáka ― piece of iron
(takes numeral, produces nouns)^[12]
пято́к ― pjatók ― five (of something)

деся́ток ― desjátok ― ten (of something)
(takes prepositions, produces nouns)^[13]
пре́док ― prédok ― ancestor
(unproductive, takes nouns, produces nouns)^[14]
бесце́нок ― bescénok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
(with за-, unproductive, takes nouns, produces nouns) an object behind something or in the background^[15]
закры́лок ― zakrýlok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
(with за-, unproductive, takes nouns, produces nouns) located behind and look alike^[16]
загорбок ― zagorbok ― upper part of the back (colloquial)
(with о-, unproductive, takes nouns, produces nouns) adjacent^[17]
оголовок ― ogolovok ― cap, hatchway

огузок ― oguzok ― rump

окосток ― okostok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
(with от-, unproductive, takes nouns, produces nouns) separated from, produced by^[18]
отголо́сок ― otgolósok ― echo

отроек ― otrojek ― distant swarm

отзимок ― otzimok ― sudden frost in spring
(with па-, unproductive, produces nouns) alike, but not equal^[19]
сын → па́сынок ― syn → pásynok ― stepson

труба́ → па́трубок ― trubá → pátrubok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

дым → падымок ― dym → padymok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

вода́ → па́водок ― vodá → pávodok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

го́лень → паголенок ― gólenʹ → pagolenok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
(with пере-, slightly productive, produces nouns) paired with -и (-i); in between, during break (about location or time)^[20]
лес → переле́сок ― les → perelésok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ перелесье ― → perelesʹje ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ перелесица ― → perelesica ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

ше́я → переше́ек ― šéja → perešéjek ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

мир → переми́рие ― mir → peremírije ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ пересменок ― → peresmenok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ переу́лок ― → pereúlok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ переле́сок ― → perelésok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ перелесье ― → perelesʹje ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ пересменок ― → peresmenok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
(with пере-, unproductive, produces nouns) paired with -и (-i), -ица (-ica); crossing, intersection^[21]
крест → перекрестье ― krest → perekrestʹje ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

крест → перекрёсток ― krest → perekrjóstok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

путь → перепутье ― putʹ → pereputʹje ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

нос → переносье ― nos → perenosʹje ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

нос → перено́сица ― nos → perenósica ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
(with по-, unproductive, produces nouns)^[22]
год → пого́док ― god → pogódok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
(with под-, unproductive, produces nouns) beneath^[23]
→ подборо́док ― → podboródok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ подгру́док ― → podgrúdok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ подле́сок ― → podlésok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ подкрылок ― → podkrylok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ подра́мок ― → podrámok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ подшёрсток ― → podšórstok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ подпе́чек ― → podpéček ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
(with под-, unproductive, produces nouns) paired with -ик (-ik), -ник (-nik); undeveloped animal or object^[24]
груздь → подгруздок ― gruzdʹ → podgruzdok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

лиса → подлисок ― lisa → podlisok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

язь → подъя́зок ― jazʹ → podʺjázok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

язь → подъязик ― jazʹ → podʺjazik ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ подсвинок ― → podsvinok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ подтелок ― → podtelok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ подлещик ― → podleščik ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ подъёршик ― → podʺjóršik ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ подорлик ― → podorlik ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ подсумок ― → podsumok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ подпилок ― → podpilok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ подголосок ― → podgolosok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

пасту́х → подпа́сок ― pastúx → podpások ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

судья́ → подсу́док ― sudʹjá → podsúdok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

часово́й → подчасок ― časovój → podčasok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

кула́к → подкула́чник ― kulák → podkuláčnik ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Кума → Подкумок ― Kuma → Podkumok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
(with пред-, unproductive, produces nouns)^[25]
→ предкры́лок ― → predkrýlok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
(with при-, unproductive, produces nouns) paired with -ник (-nik), -ень (-enʹ); adjacent^[26]
→ прилистник ― → prilistnik ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ прицветник ― → pricvetnik ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ приямок ― → prijamok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ приго́рок ― → prigórok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ приселок ― → priselok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ привратник ― → privratnik ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ при́хвостень ― → príxvostenʹ ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
(with при-, unproductive, produces nouns) paired with -ка (-ka); adjacent^[27]
→ присту́пок ― → pristúpok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ присту́пка ― → pristúpka ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ ступе́нь ― → stupénʹ ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
(with про-, unproductive, produces nouns) in between^[28]
→ просте́нок ― → prosténok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ пролесок ― → prolesok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ прожи́лок ― → prožílok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ просёлок ― → prosjólok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ проу́лок ― → proúlok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
(with су-, unproductive, produces nouns)^[29]
→ сугли́нок ― → suglínok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
(with о- и об-, unproductive, produces nouns) paired with -ки (-ki) (plurale tantum), -j, -ина (-ina)^[30]
кури́ть → оку́рок ― kurítʹ → okúrok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

горе́ть → ога́рок ― gorétʹ → ogárok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

мылить → обмы́лок ― mylitʹ → obmýlok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

коло́ть → оско́лок ― kolótʹ → oskólok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

есть → объе́док ― jestʹ → obʺjédok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

пить → опи́вки ― pitʹ → opívki ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

пили́ть → опи́лки ― pilítʹ → opílki ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

коси́ть → око́сье ― kosítʹ → okósʹje ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

кали́ть → ока́лина ― kalítʹ → okálina ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
(unproductive, produces nouns) overdone, with a negative outcome^[31]
ста́рый → переста́рок ― stáryj → perestárok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
(unproductive, animate or inanimate, produces nouns) subject with a qualifier in the first stem^[32]
→ первого́док ― → pervogódok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ одного́док ― → odnogódok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ полуго́док ― → polugódok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ полукро́вок ― → polukróvok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ малоле́ток ― → malolétok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ одноле́ток ― → odnolétok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ трехле́ток ― → trexlétok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ одномерок ― → odnomerok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ маломерок ― → malomerok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ четырехстенок ― → četyrexstenok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ пятистенок ― → pjatistenok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ перволёдок ― → pervoljódok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ первопу́ток ― → pervopútok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ полушу́бок ― → polušúbok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ полуша́лок ― → polušálok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

→ полуста́нок ― → polustánok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

шаль → полуша́лок ― šalʹ → polušálok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

путь → первопу́ток ― putʹ → pervopútok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

ста́нция → полуста́нок ― stáncija → polustánok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Derived terms

Russian terms suffixed with -ок

References

^ §413 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
^ §429 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
^ §221.2 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
^ §221.1.а of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
^ §221.1.б of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
^ §221.1.в of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
^ §221.1.г of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
^ §270 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
^ §313 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
^ §510 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
^ §411 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
^ §444 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
^ §445 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
^ §504 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
^ §506.а of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
^ §506.б of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
^ §511 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
^ §513 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
^ §514 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
^ §515 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
^ §515 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
^ §516 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
^ §517 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
^ §518 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
^ §519 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
^ §520 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
^ §520 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
^ §521 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
^ §525 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
^ §529 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
^ §534 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
^ §574 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix

-ок (Latin spelling -ok)

Suffix appended to the present stem of verbs to form an adjective denoting a feature or a dimension.