익다
Korean
editEtymology
editFirst attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 닉다〮 (Yale: nìk-tá). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “semantic borrowing from Chinese 熟?”)
Pronunciation
edit- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ik̚t͈a̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [익따]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | ikda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | igda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | ikta |
| Yale Romanization? | ikta |
Verb
edit| Base | 익다 (ikda) |
|---|---|
| Causative | 익히다 (ikhida) |
익다 • (ikda) (infinitive 익어, sequential 익으니) (intransitive)
Conjugation
edit Selected forms of the verb 익다 (ikda): consonant-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 익는다 ingneunda |
익어 igeo |
익어요 igeoyo |
익습니다 ikseumnida |
| Past | 익었다 igeotda |
익었어 igeosseo |
익었어요 igeosseoyo |
익었습니다 igeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 익느냐 ingneunya |
익어 igeo |
익어요 igeoyo |
익습니까 ikseumnikka |
| Past | 익었느냐 igeonneunya |
익었어 igeosseo |
익었어요 igeosseoyo |
익었습니까 igeotseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 익자 ikja |
익어 igeo |
익어요 igeoyo |
익으십시다 igeusipsida | |
| Imperative | 익어라 igeora |
익어 igeo |
익어요 igeoyo |
익읍시오 igeupsio | |
| Assertive | 익겠다 ikgetda |
익겠어 ikgesseo |
익겠어요 ikgesseoyo |
익겠습니다 ikgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 익어 igeo |
익어서 igeoseo |
익으니 igeuni |
익으니까 igeunikka | |
| Contrast | 익지만 ikjiman |
익는데 ingneunde |
익더니 ikdeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 익고 ikgo |
||||
| Condition | 익으면 igeumyeon |
익어야 igeoya |
|||
| Motive | 익으려고 igeuryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 익음 igeum |
익기 ikgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 익었음 igeosseum |
익었기 igeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 익은 igeun | |||
| Present | 익는 ingneun | ||||
| Future | 익을 igeul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 익으신다 igeusinda |
익으셔 igeusyeo |
익으세요, 익으셔요 igeuseyo, igeusyeoyo |
익으십니다 igeusimnida |
| Past | 익으셨다 igeusyeotda |
익으셨어 igeusyeosseo |
익으셨어요 igeusyeosseoyo |
익으셨습니다 igeusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 익으시느냐 igeusineunya |
익으셔 igeusyeo |
익으세요, 익으셔요 igeuseyo, igeusyeoyo |
익으십니까 igeusimnikka |
| Past | 익으셨느냐 igeusyeonneunya |
익으셨어 igeusyeosseo |
익으셨어요 igeusyeosseoyo |
익으셨습니까 igeusyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 익으시라 igeusira |
익으셔 igeusyeo |
익으세요 igeuseyo |
익으십시오 igeusipsio | |
| Assertive | 익으시겠다 igeusigetda |
익으시겠어 igeusigesseo |
익으시겠어요 igeusigesseoyo |
익으시겠습니다 igeusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 익으셔 igeusyeo |
익으셔서 igeusyeoseo |
익으시니 igeusini |
익으시니까 igeusinikka | |
| Contrast | 익으시지만 igeusijiman |
익으시는데 igeusineunde |
익으시더니 igeusideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 익으시고 igeusigo |
||||
| Condition | 익으시면 igeusimyeon |
익으셔야 igeusyeoya |
|||
| Motive | 익으시려고 igeusiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 익으심 igeusim |
익으시기 igeusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 익으셨음 igeusyeosseum |
익으셨기 igeusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 익으신 igeusin | |||
| Present | 익으시는 igeusineun | ||||
| Future | 익으실 igeusil | ||||
Derived terms
editAdjective
edit| Base | 익다 (ikda) |
|---|---|
| Causative | 익히다 (ikhida) |
익다 • (ikda) (infinitive 익어, sequential 익으니)
- to be skilled, to be experienced
- Antonym: 설다 (seolda)
- to be familiar
- Antonym: 설다 (seolda)
Conjugation
edit Selected forms of the adjective 익다 (ikda): consonant-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 익다 ikda |
익어 igeo |
익어요 igeoyo |
익습니다 ikseumnida |
| Past | 익었다 igeotda |
익었어 igeosseo |
익었어요 igeosseoyo |
익었습니다 igeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 익으냐 igeunya |
익어 igeo |
익어요 igeoyo |
익습니까 ikseumnikka |
| Past | 익었냐 igeonnya |
익었어 igeosseo |
익었어요 igeosseoyo |
익었습니까 igeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 익겠다 ikgetda |
익겠어 ikgesseo |
익겠어요 ikgesseoyo |
익겠습니다 ikgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 익어 igeo |
익어서 igeoseo |
익으니 igeuni |
익으니까 igeunikka | |
| Contrast | 익지만 ikjiman |
익은데 igeunde |
익더니 ikdeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 익고 ikgo |
||||
| Condition | 익으면 igeumyeon |
익어야 igeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 익음 igeum |
익기 ikgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 익었음 igeosseum |
익었기 igeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 익은 igeun | |||
| Future | 익을 igeul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 익으시다 igeusida |
익으셔 igeusyeo |
익으세요, 익으셔요 igeuseyo, igeusyeoyo |
익으십니다 igeusimnida |
| Past | 익으셨다 igeusyeotda |
익으셨어 igeusyeosseo |
익으셨어요 igeusyeosseoyo |
익으셨습니다 igeusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 익으시냐 igeusinya |
익으셔 igeusyeo |
익으세요, 익으셔요 igeuseyo, igeusyeoyo |
익으십니까 igeusimnikka |
| Past | 익으셨냐 igeusyeonnya |
익으셨어 igeusyeosseo |
익으셨어요 igeusyeosseoyo |
익으셨습니까 igeusyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 익으시겠다 igeusigetda |
익으시겠어 igeusigesseo |
익으시겠어요 igeusigesseoyo |
익으시겠습니다 igeusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 익으셔 igeusyeo |
익으셔서 igeusyeoseo |
익으시니 igeusini |
익으시니까 igeusinikka | |
| Contrast | 익으시지만 igeusijiman |
익으신데 igeusinde |
익으시더니 igeusideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 익으시고 igeusigo |
||||
| Condition | 익으시면 igeusimyeon |
익으셔야 igeusyeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 익으심 igeusim |
익으시기 igeusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 익으셨음 igeusyeosseum |
익으셨기 igeusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 익으신 igeusin | |||
| Future | 익으실 igeusil | ||||
Derived terms
edit- 낯익다 (nachikda)