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Proto-Norse

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the inscription on the Hogganvik runestone

Alternative forms

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ᚴ and ᚳ are younger graphic variants of k, but do not indicate any change in pronunciation.

Etymology

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From Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

Among the earliest attestations of the pronoun is the inscription on the 2nd-4th century Lindholm amulet, which also contains a postpositive, perhaps clitic, form of the pronoun in ᚺᚨᛏᛖᚳᚨ (hateka /⁠haitē’ka⁠/, I am called). For the forms with final -a, see ᛖᚲᚨ (eka).

Pronoun

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ᛖᚲ (ek)

  1. I
    • c. 250–450, inscription on the Tune stone:
      ᛖᚲᚹᛁᚹᚨᛉᚨᚠᛏᛖᚱᚹᛟᛞᚢᚱᛁᛞᛖ / []
      ekwiwaʀafterwoduride / []
      I, Wiwaz, after Woduridaz / []
    • c. 425, inscription on the Golden Horns of Gallehus:
      ᛖᚲᚺᛚᛖᚹᚨᚷᚨᛊᛏᛁᛉ᛬ᚺᛟᛚᛏᛁᛃᚨᛉ᛬ᚺᛟᚱᚾᚨ᛬ᛏᚨᚹᛁᛞᛟ᛬
      ekhlewagastiʀ:holtijaʀ:horna:tawido:
      I, Hlewagastiz Holtijaz, made the horn
    • c. 250-450, inscription on the Hogganvik runestone:
      ᛖᚲᚾᚨᚢᛞᛁᚷᚨᛋᛏᛁᛉ / []
      eknaudigastiʀ / []
      I, Naudigastiz, / [] [1]
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Descendants

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References

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  1. ^ James E. Knirk, Runic inscription from Hogganvik, Mandal, Vest-Agder (2009) (preliminary report), 27 October 2009